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NARRATOR: INSIDE EVERY HEADIN EVERY HOME
旁白：在每个家庭的头上


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IS THE MOST COMPLEX OBJECT
是最复杂的对象


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WE'VE DISCOVEREDIN THE UNIVERSE,
我们已经在宇宙中发现了


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THE HUMAN BRAIN.
人类的大脑。


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I'VE SPENT MANY YEARS OFMY LIFE TRYING TO DECIPHER
我花了很多年的时间试图欺骗


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THE MYSTERIES OF THE BRAIN,
脑子的奥秘


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AND YET I'M STILL IN AWEEVERY TIME I HOLD ONE.
而且我仍然每次都保持一个。


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AND THAT'S BECAUSE ALTHOUGHTHIS MARVEL OF BIOLOGY
而且因为这是生物学的全部


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SEEMS SO ALIEN TO US,SOMEHOW, IT IS US.
对我们来说如此陌生，这就是我们。


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UNTIL RECENTLY,ACTIVITY COURSED
直到最近，活动课程


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THROUGH THESE CELLS.
通过这些细胞。


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THIS WAS BARBARA.
这就是芭芭拉。


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SHE HAD OPINIONS AND PASSIONS,
她有意见和热情，


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SHE LOVED, SHE HADHER OWN LIFE,
她喜欢，她拥有自己的生命，


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AND THIS IS WHEREALL OF THAT HAPPENED,
而这就是发生的一切


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JUST AS IT DOESFOR EACH ONE OF US.
就像我们每个人所做的一样。


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THIS 3-POUND ORGAN IS MADE UPOF HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF CELLS
这个3磅的器官由数以亿计的细胞组成


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WITH A QUADRILLION CONNECTIONSBETWEEN THEM.
它们之间具有四方连接。


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THESE CELLS FIRE TRILLIONS OFELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS
这些细胞可发射出数十种电子信号


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EVERY SECOND OF YOUR LIFE.
每秒钟您的生命。


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SOMEHOW, ALL THIS WETBIOLOGICAL STUFF RESULTS
有人，这是所有湿生物学的结果


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IN THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING YOU.
在做你的经验。


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I'M GOING TO EXPLOREA FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION
我要探讨基本问题


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ABOUT OUR LIVES.
关于我们的生活。


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WHAT SHAPES WHO YOU BECOME?
您将成为什么样的人？


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THIS IS THE STORY OF HOWYOUR LIFE SHAPES YOUR BRAIN,
这是您的生活如何塑造大脑的故事，


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AND HOW YOUR BRAINSHAPES YOUR LIFE.
以及您的大脑如何塑造您的生活。


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MALE ANNOUNCER: "THE BRAINWITH DAVID EAGLEMAN"
男性播音员：“与大卫·埃格勒曼的大脑”


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WHAT MAKES YOU YOU?
是什么让您成为您？


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FOR A LONG TIME, THE ANSWER WAS
长期以来，答案是


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AN IMMORTAL SOUL, OR SPIRIT:
不道德的灵魂或精神：


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SOMETHING THAT GOESBEYOND MERE MATTER
超越一切的事情


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AND GIVES YOU YOUR LIFEAND YOUR IDENTITY.
并赋予您生命和身份。


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BUT THE MODERN STUDY OF THEBRAIN TELLS A DIFFERENT STORY:
但是关于大脑的现代研究讲了一个不同的故事：


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WHO WE ARE CAN ONLY BEUNDERSTOOD IN TERMS OF
我们只能被以下术语理解


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THE 3-POUND ORGAN IN OUR HEADS.
我们头脑中的3点式器官。


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THE STORY OF BECOMING YOU
成为你的故事


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BEGINS WITHA REMARKABLE FACT.
开始具有明显的事实。


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WE ARE BORN UTTERLY HELPLESS,
我们非常高兴


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AND THIS HELPLESSNESSLASTS LONGER IN HUMANS
和这种幸福感在人类中持续了很长时间


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THAN IN ANY OTHER SPECIES.
比任何其他物种。


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COMPARE HUMAN BABIESTO OUR COUSINS
将人类婴儿与我们的表亲进行比较


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ACROSS THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.
横跨动物王国。


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WHAT'S MUMMY DOING?
妈妈在做什么？


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MANY NEWBORN ANIMALS ARRIVEREADY FOR THE WORLD.
世界上许多新生动物都已准备就绪。


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THEY HAVE LIFE SKILLSBUILT IN RIGHT FROM BIRTH.
从出生起他们就拥有正确的生活技能。


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A BABY ZEBRA CAN RUN WHENIT'S JUST 45 MINUTES OLD.
小斑马只要运行45分钟就可以运行。


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BABY GIRAFFES LEARN HOWTO STAND WITHIN HOURS.
婴儿长笛学习如何在几小时内站立。


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DOLPHINS ARE BORN SWIMMING.
海豚正在游泳。


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NOW, THAT WOULD SEEMTO BE AN ADVANTAGE,
现在，这似乎是一种优势，


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BUT PUT ANY OF THESE ANIMALSIN AN ECOSYSTEM
但是将任何这些动物放入生态系统


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NOT TAILORED TO THEM,AND THEY WON'T SURVIVE.
没有量身定做，他们不会生存。


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OH, LOOK ATTHAT ANIMAL.
哦，看看那动物。


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WHAT IS THAT?
那是什么？


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IN CONTRAST, MY SON ARRI IS TWO
相反，我的儿子阿里（ARISON）是两个


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AND HE'S STILL DEPENDENT ON ME,
他仍然依赖我，


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BUT ONE DAY, HE COULDLIVE IN ALASKA
但是有一天，他可以住在阿拉斯加


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OR IN THE SAHARAOR ON THE MOON.
或在月球撒哈拉沙漠中。


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IN OTHER WORDS, HE CANADAPT TO ANY ENVIRONMENT.
换句话说，他可以适应任何环境。


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ALL RIGHT.THAT WAS FUN, HUH?
好的，那很有趣，呵呵？


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AND THAT'S THANKS TO THE UNIQUEAND SPECTACULAR WAY
而且这要感谢独特的方式


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THAT THE HUMAN BRAIN CAN MOLDTO FIT THE WORLD AROUND IT.
人类的大脑可以适应周围的世界。


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HUMANS COME TO THE TABLE
人类来到餐桌上


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PRE-PROGRAMMED FORCERTAIN THINGS,
针对某些事物进行了预先编程，


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LIKE ABSORBING LANGUAGE ORMIMICKING FACIAL EXPRESSIONS,
喜欢吸收语言或模仿面部表情，


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BUT THE THING THAT'SREALLY REMARKABLE ABOUT HUMANS
但是对于人类来说，这是非常重要的事情


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IS THE DEGREE TO WHICHTHEIR BRAINS ARE UNFINISHED,
大脑未完成的程度，


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AND THIS LEADS TO A PERIODOF PROLONGED HELPLESSNESS.
并且导致长时间的无幸福感。


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BUT THE PLAN IS SIMPLE.
但是计划很简单。


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INSTEAD OF HARD-WIRINGEVERYTHING THE WAY A RHINO DOES,
代替犀牛做的所有布线工作，


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LET LIFE EXPERIENCE WIRE UPTHE REST OF THE BRAIN.
让生命的体验唤醒大脑的其余部分。


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ARRIVE WITH SOMETHINGTHAT'S A LITTLE BIT SLOPPY
带着一点点懒洋洋的到来


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AND TUNE IT UP ON THE FLY.
并立即进行调整。


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[TODDLER BABBLING]
[小玩意儿]


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EAGLEMAN: WE LEARN ON THE JOB.IT SOUNDS RISKY,
EAGLEMAN：我们学习了JOB.IT听起来有风险，


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BUT THAT'S EXACTLY WHATYOUNG HUMAN BRAINS DO.
但这正是人类的大脑所能做的。


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AND IT GIVES USAN EXTRAORDINARY ADVANTAGE
和它提供了美国的非凡优势


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AS WE GROW AND LEARNAND ADAPT.
随着我们的成长，学习和适应。


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WHAT'S THE SECRET BEHINDTHE FLEXIBILITY OF YOUNG BRAINS?
小脑的灵活性背后有什么秘密？


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WELL, IT'S NOT ABOUTGROWING NEW CELLS.
好吧，这不是在增加新的细胞。


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THE NUMBER OF CELLS IS THE SAMEIN CHILDREN AND IN ADULTS.
儿童和成人的细胞数相同。


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INSTEAD, THE SECRET LIES INHOW THOSE CELLS ARE CONNECTED.
代替，秘密谎言连接了这些单元。


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THIS 5-YEAR-OLDHAS ESSENTIALLY ALL OF
这个5岁的孩子基本上都有


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THE BRAIN CELLSHE'S GOING TO HAVE.
脑细胞要拥有。


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BUT WHAT'S HAPPENINGINSIDE HIS HEAD
但是他的头里面发生了什么


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IS VERY DIFFERENT THAN WHAT'SHAPPENING INSIDE MINE.
不同于矿井内部的形状。


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IN THE BRAINOF A NEWBORN BABY,
在新生婴儿的脑子里，


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THE NEURONS ARE ONLYSTARTING TO COMMUNICATE.
神经元只是开始交流。


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BUT THEN, OVER THE FIRSTTWO YEARS OF LIFE,
但是，在过去的两年中，


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THOSE NEURONS BEGIN CONNECTINGEXTREMELY RAPIDLY,
这些神经元开始快速连接，


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FORMING AS MANY AS TWO MILLIONNEW CONNECTIONS EVERY SECOND.
每秒形成两百万个新连接。


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BY AGE TWO,A TYPICAL NEURON HAS
到了两岁，一个典型的神经元


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MORE THAN 15,000 CONNECTIONS.
超过15,000个连接。


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THAT IS ALMOST TWICE AS MANYAS FOUND IN AN ADULT.
这是成年男子亚美尼亚人的两倍。


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SO WHAT HAPPENS IN BETWEEN?
那么这之间会发生什么呢？


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WELL, AFTER THE AGE OF TWO,
好吧，两岁以后，


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THE GROWTH IS HALTED.
增长停滞不前。


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THE PROCESS OF BECOMING SOMEONEIS ABOUT PRUNING BACK
成为某人的过程与修剪有关


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THE POSSIBILITIES THATARE ALREADY PRESENT.
已经存在的可能性。


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YOU BECOME WHO YOU ARENOT BECAUSE OF
您成为自己的原因


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WHAT GROWS IN YOUR BRAIN,BUT BECAUSE OF WHAT IS REMOVED.
由于删除的内容，您的大脑中增长的是什么。


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AS WE GROWAND LEARN NEW SKILLS,
随着我们成长和学习新技能，


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WE REDUCE THE NUMBER OFCONNECTIONS IN OUR BRAIN...
我们减少了我们大脑中的连接数...


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IN FAVOR OF FOCUSINGON A SMALLER NUMBER
优先关注较小的数字


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OF STRONGER CONNECTIONS.
更紧密的联系。


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AS YOU LEARN TO READ,YOUR CIRCUITRY GETS CARVED
当您学习阅读时，您的电路图很重要


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TO INTERPRET SQUIGGLESON A PAGE.
要解释S页。


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THE CONNECTIONS GO FROM BEINGUNIVERSAL TO BEING SPECIFIC.
连接从普遍变为特定。


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THOSE LINKS YOU DON'TUSE, YOU LOSE.
这些链接不使用，您会丢失。


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OVER THE COURSE OF CHILDHOOD,BRAIN CIRCUITRY IS
在儿童课程上，脑电路是


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WIRED UP ACCORDINGTO EXPERIENCE
根据经验进行接线


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AND INTERACTIONWITH THE ENVIRONMENT.
与环境的互动。


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BUT THIS DEPENDENCE ONTHE OUTSIDE WORLD IS A GAMBLE.
但是这种对外界的依赖是一个愚蠢的行为。


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THE OUTSIDE WORLD WON'T ALWAYSPROVIDE WHAT A BRAIN NEEDS.
外部世界永远不会提供大脑需要的东西。


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I'M GOING TO TRY...
我要尝试...


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HA HA HA!
哈哈哈！


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EAGLEMAN: THIS IS THE JENSENFAMILY FROM MILWAUKEE.
EAGLEMAN：这是来自MILWAUKEE的JENSENFAMILY。


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CAROL, BILL, THEIR SONS TOMAND JOHN, AND DAUGHTER VICTORIA.
卡罗尔，比尔，他们的儿子托曼·约翰和道格特·维多利亚。


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THESE ARE NO ORDINARY CHILDREN:
这些不是普通的孩子：


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ALL THREE WERE ADOPTEDFROM A ROMANIAN ORPHANAGE
所有这三项内容都是从罗马尼亚语的赠品中提取的


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WHEN THEY WEREJUST 4 YEARS OLD.
当他们才四岁。


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JOHN JENSEN: SO IT WAS 1996WE CAME TO THE UNITED STATES,
约翰·詹森：大约是1996年，美国到了美国，


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AND THEN THAT WAS WHEN I TURNEDALMOST 4, ON AUGUST 5 OF 1996.
那是在1996年8月5日，我将第4轮换台时。


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SO, YEAH.
嗯是的。


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EAGLEMAN: IN 1989, AT THE FALLOF NICOLAI CEAUSESCU'S REGIME,
埃格曼：1989年，在尼古拉·凯乌斯苏斯（GIOLAE CEAUSESCU）的秋天，


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THERE WERE 170,000 CHILDRENIN ROMANIAN ORPHANAGES.
罗马尼亚人的孤儿有170,000名儿童。


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THE CHILDREN WERE OFTENKEPT IN APPALLING CONDITIONS,
孩子们在恶劣的条件下总是很紧张，


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LEFT TO CRYWITHOUT HUMAN CONTACT.
无需人工干预即可哭泣。


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MAN: YOU'D WALK INTO A ROOMAND YOU'D BE SURROUNDED
男人：你走进一个房间，会被包围


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BY LITTLE KIDS WHOYOU'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE...
以前从未见过的小孩子...


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AND THEY WANT TO JUMP IN YOURARMS OR SIT IN YOUR LAP
并且他们想要跳起来或者坐在膝上


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OR HOLD YOUR HANDOR WALK OFF WITH YOU.
或与您同行。


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AND THIS SORT OF INDISCRIMINATEBEHAVIOR IS SORT OF
这种滥杀滥伤的排序方式就是


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THE HALLMARK FEATURE OF KIDS WHOHAVE GROWN UP IN AN INSTITUTION.
在机构中成长的孩子的标志性特征。


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IT'S SO OVERWHELMINGTHAT YOUR TENDENCY IS
太笼罩了您的倾向


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TO GET VERY EMOTIONAL AND SOWE'D HAVE TO KEEP THAT IN CHECK
要获得良好的情感，我们必须保持对此进行检查


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BECAUSE YOU DIDN'T WANT TODO THAT IN FRONT OF THE KIDS.
因为您不想在孩子面前这样做。


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EAGLEMAN:DR. CHARLES NELSON WITNESSEDTHE CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR
EAGLEMAN：DR。


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AND WONDERED IF IT WENT BEYONDMERE LONELINESS OR DISTRESS.
并且如果它变得孤单寂寞或痛苦，那将是奇妙的。


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HAD ALL THAT NEGLECT IMPACTED
受到忽视的一切


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THE PHYSICAL STRUCTUREOF THEIR BRAINS?
他们的大脑的物理结构？


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NELSON: PARTICULARLYPOSTNATALLY, BRAINS NEED
纳尔逊：特别是后裔，需要大脑


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EXPERIENCE IN ORDER TO DEVELOP.
有开发经验。


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THE DEVELOPING BRAIN ISSEEKING OUT INFORMATION
发展中的大脑发出信息


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AND SEEKING OUT EXPERIENCESAND IF THEY DON'T GET THOSE,
和寻求经验，如果他们不知道这些，


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THE BRAIN DOESN'T KNOWHOW TO GET WIRED UP
脑子不知道该怎么做


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AND BUILT CORRECTLY.
并正确建立。


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THE KIDS IN THE INSTITUTION,
机构里的孩子们


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THEY HAVE IQs INTHE 60s AND 70s,
他们在60年代和70年代拥有智商，


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THEIR LANGUAGE IS VERY DELAYED,
他们的语言非常延迟，


151
00:10:01,700 --> 00:10:03,500
THEY HAVE SEVEREATTACHMENT PROBLEMS,
他们有严格的问题，


152
00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:06,600
AND THEY SHOW SIGNS OFAN UNDERDEVELOPED BRAIN.
并且它们显示了开发不足的大脑的迹象。


153
00:10:06,700 --> 00:10:09,866
THEY HAD SMALL HEADS AND THEIREEG ACTIVITY WAS VERY REDUCED.
他们的脑袋小，THEIREEG的活动大大减少。


154
00:10:12,700 --> 00:10:14,180
EAGLEMAN: DR. NELSONBEGAN LOOKING AT
EAGLEMAN：DR。


155
00:10:14,266 --> 00:10:17,833
THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITYIN THESE CHILDREN'S BRAINS.
这些儿童大脑的电活动。


156
00:10:17,933 --> 00:10:21,166
HE WAS ASTOUNDED TO DISCOVERTHAT THE CHILDREN HAD
他被发现是儿童的罪魁祸首


157
00:10:21,266 --> 00:10:24,033
DRAMATICALLY REDUCEDNEURAL ACTIVITY.
戏剧性地减少活动。


158
00:10:25,633 --> 00:10:27,766
BUT THERE WAS MORE.
但是还有更多。


159
00:10:27,866 --> 00:10:31,000
HE FOUND EVIDENCE THATCHILDREN PLACED INTO FAMILIES
他发现证据证明撒切尔孩子被安置在家庭中


160
00:10:31,100 --> 00:10:35,100
BEFORE THE AGE OF TWOGENERALLY RECOVERED.
在恢复第二代的年龄之前。


161
00:10:36,500 --> 00:10:38,500
BUT FOR THOSE WHO DIDN'TLEAVE THE INSTITUTION
但要使机构满意


162
00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:41,233
UNTIL OLDER THAN TWO,THEIR BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
直到两岁以上，他们的脑发育


163
00:10:41,333 --> 00:10:42,466
WAS COMPROMISED.
被妥协了。


164
00:10:44,633 --> 00:10:46,800
NELSON: THE LACK OF EXPERIENCESLEADS THE BRAIN
内尔森：缺乏经验可以减轻大脑


165
00:10:46,900 --> 00:10:51,533
TO WIRE INCORRECTLY BECAUSE ITDOESN'T HAVE ANY INPUT INTO IT.
接线不正确是因为它没有任何输入。


166
00:10:51,633 --> 00:10:54,900
AND AS A RESULT, NEURONSDON'T KNOW WHICH OTHER NEURONS
结果，神经元不知道其他神经元


167
00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:56,360
THEY SHOULD BECOMMUNICATING WITH.
他们应该沟通。


168
00:10:58,833 --> 00:11:00,233
EAGLEMAN: NELSON'S WORKREVEALED THAT WHEN
EAGLEMAN：纳尔逊的作品在


169
00:11:00,333 --> 00:11:04,533
THE BRAIN IS STARVED OF THETHINGS IT NEEDS, LIKE TOUCH,
脑筋疲力尽，例如触摸，


170
00:11:04,633 --> 00:11:08,566
STIMULATION, LOVE, A CHILD'SDEVELOPMENT IS STUNTED.
兴奋，爱心，孩子的发育受阻。


171
00:11:14,733 --> 00:11:16,900
THE ONLY RECORDTHE JENSEN CHILDREN HAVE
唯一记录的詹森儿童


172
00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:20,500
OF THEIR EARLY YEARS ISA COUPLE OF POLAROIDS.
是POLISARDS早期的伊萨夫妇。


173
00:11:27,633 --> 00:11:30,600
TOM JENSEN: IN THE ORPHANAGE,WE REALLY DIDN'T SPEAK ANY,
汤姆·詹森：在ORPHANAGE中，我们确实没有说过任何话，


174
00:11:30,700 --> 00:11:33,233
LIKE, A KNOWN LANGUAGE.
像是一种已知的语言。


175
00:11:33,333 --> 00:11:35,833
SO WHEN, LIKE, MY MOMASKED THE TAXI DRIVER
因此，当我被我的出租车司机盯上时


176
00:11:35,933 --> 00:11:39,300
WHAT WE WERE SPEAKING, THE TAXIDRIVER WAS LIKE, "GIBBERISH."
我们正在说的是，出租车司机就像“乱语”。


177
00:11:39,400 --> 00:11:43,600
[INDISTINCT CHATTER]
[即时聊天]


178
00:11:43,700 --> 00:11:46,833
EAGLEMAN: THE JENSENS WERE ALLADOPTED AFTER THE AGE OF TWO.
EAGLEMAN：詹森斯在两岁以后就被分配了。


179
00:11:48,433 --> 00:11:51,133
TOM JENSEN: IN THE ORPHANAGE,IT'S HARD.
汤姆·詹森（Tom Jensen）：很难做到。


180
00:11:51,233 --> 00:11:55,200
IT WAS ROUGH. IT WAS,UH, IT WASN'T EASY.
它很粗糙。


181
00:11:55,300 --> 00:11:58,966
UH, KIDS DIDN'T GETMUCH ATTENTION.
呃，孩子们没有引起注意。


182
00:11:59,066 --> 00:12:03,300
EAGLEMAN: ALMOST 20 YEARS HAVEPASSED SINCE THEY LEFT ROMANIA.
EAGLEMAN：自从离开罗马尼亚以来，已经过去了20年。


183
00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:05,600
THEY STILL LIVE WITHTHE CONSEQUENCES
它们仍然可以承受后果


184
00:12:05,700 --> 00:12:08,133
OF THAT EARLY NEGLECT.
早期忽视。


185
00:12:08,233 --> 00:12:14,800
CAROL JENSEN: TOM HAS ADHD, ANDHE HAS LEARNING DISABILITIES,
卡罗尔·詹森：汤姆有多动症，并且他有学习障碍，


186
00:12:14,900 --> 00:12:19,733
BUT NOT TO THE SAME EXTENTTHAT JOHN HAS.
但是不要像约翰那样。


187
00:12:19,833 --> 00:12:22,600
FOR JOHN, IT... I THINKIT STARTED OUT HARD
对于约翰，这...我认为这很艰难


188
00:12:22,700 --> 00:12:25,833
AND IT CONTINUES TO BE HARD.
而且它仍然很困难。


189
00:12:25,933 --> 00:12:30,133
JOHN: WE WENT TO DOCTORS,PSYCHIATRISTS, PHYSICIANS,
约翰：我们去看医生，精神病医生，医生，


190
00:12:30,233 --> 00:12:34,000
HELPING ME OUT THROUGH THE TOUGHTIMES THAT I HAVE RIGHT NOW,
在我现在正确的艰难时刻帮助我，


191
00:12:34,100 --> 00:12:36,533
SO IT'S WORKING, SO I LIKE IT.
所以它很有效，所以我喜欢它。


192
00:12:39,433 --> 00:12:41,566
EAGLEMAN: WITH THE SUPPORTOF A LOVING FAMILY,
EAGLEMAN：在一个充满爱心的家庭的支持下，


193
00:12:41,666 --> 00:12:44,400
THE JENSEN CHILDRENARE FINDING WAYS TO COPE
詹森儿童的应对方法


194
00:12:44,500 --> 00:12:47,266
WITH THE SCARS OFTHEIR EARLY CHILDHOOD.
与他们早期儿童的疤痕。


195
00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:53,566
WHAT WE EXPERIENCE IN OUREARLY YEARS GOES A LONG WAY
我们在早期的经历有很长的路要走


196
00:12:53,666 --> 00:12:56,266
TOWARD DEFINING WHO WE BECOME.
定义我们成为谁。


197
00:13:02,666 --> 00:13:05,933
EXPERIENCE PRUNESTHE BRAIN, BUT THAT'S NOT
体验修剪大脑，但并非如此


198
00:13:06,033 --> 00:13:08,766
THE ONLY THING THATSHAPES WHO YOU ARE
您所能塑造的唯一事物


199
00:13:08,866 --> 00:13:11,633
BECAUSE NO MATTER WHAT KINDOF LIFE YOU'VE LED,
因为您的LED寿命无所谓，


200
00:13:11,733 --> 00:13:14,733
THE BRAIN IS ALSO ONA PREDETERMINED SCHEDULE
脑也是一个预定的时间表


201
00:13:14,833 --> 00:13:16,600
DICTATED BY GENETICS.
由遗传学专门研究。


202
00:13:16,700 --> 00:13:21,400
AND THAT MEANS THERE AREMAJOR CHANGES IN STORE.
并且这意味着商店中的广告变化。


203
00:13:26,833 --> 00:13:28,933
[GIRLS SCREAMING]
[女孩尖叫]


204
00:13:29,033 --> 00:13:30,433
IN OUR TEENAGE YEARS,
在我们青少年时期，


205
00:13:30,533 --> 00:13:32,966
HORMONES COURSEAROUND OUR BODIES,
荷尔蒙课程介绍我们的机构，


206
00:13:33,066 --> 00:13:36,500
CAUSING DRAMATICPHYSICAL TRANSFORMATIONS.
引起剧烈的物理转换。


207
00:13:38,233 --> 00:13:40,566
BUT OUT OF SIGHT,OUR BRAINS ARE UNDERGOING
但是，我们的大脑正在接受检查


208
00:13:40,666 --> 00:13:43,766
EQUALLY MONUMENTAL CHANGES,
均等的变化，


209
00:13:43,866 --> 00:13:46,566
ONES THAT PROFOUNDLY AFFECTHOW WE BEHAVE
深刻影响我们的行为


210
00:13:46,666 --> 00:13:49,633
AND REACT TOTHE WORLD AROUND US.
并与我们周围的世界互动。


211
00:13:51,900 --> 00:13:53,800
WE ALL INTUITTHAT TEENAGERS HAVE
我们都认为青少年有


212
00:13:53,900 --> 00:13:57,400
A DIFFERENT VIEW ON THE WORLDTHAN CHILDREN OR ADULTS.
对世界儿童或成人的不同看法。


213
00:13:57,500 --> 00:14:01,366
BUT WHAT'S NOT ALWAYS OBVIOUS ISTHAT THE WAY TEENS SEE THE WORLD
但是，并非总是显而易见的，这是世界看待世界的方式


214
00:14:01,466 --> 00:14:04,566
IS NOT SIMPLY A CHOICEOR AN ATTITUDE.
不是单纯的态度。


215
00:14:04,666 --> 00:14:07,433
INSTEAD, IT'S THE CONSEQUENCEOF A CHANGING BRAIN
代替，这是一个不断变化的大脑的后果


216
00:14:07,533 --> 00:14:09,400
THAT'S RIGHT ON SCHEDULE.
时间表安排正确。


217
00:14:09,500 --> 00:14:14,233
WHO THEY ARE RIGHT NOW ISBIOLOGICAL AND INEVITABLE.
他们现在是正确的，是生物学和不可避免的。


218
00:14:19,833 --> 00:14:22,333
TO GET A SENSEOF THE TEEN BRAIN AT WORK,
要了解工作中的青少年大脑，


219
00:14:22,433 --> 00:14:24,833
WE'RE RUNNING AN EXPERIMENT.
我们正在进行一项实验。


220
00:14:27,466 --> 00:14:30,466
WITH THE HELP OF MYGRADUATE STUDENT RICKY SAVJANI,
有了研究生RICKY SAVJANI的帮助，


221
00:14:30,566 --> 00:14:33,366
WE'RE GOING TO RIG UPVOLUNTEERS OF DIFFERENT AGES
我们将争取不同年龄的人


222
00:14:33,466 --> 00:14:36,633
TO A MACHINE THATMEASURES STRESS LEVELS
测量压力水平的机器


223
00:14:36,733 --> 00:14:38,933
BY GAUGING CHANGESIN THEIR SWEAT GLANDS.
通过测量其汗腺的变化。


224
00:14:39,033 --> 00:14:41,600
HI THERE.I'M DR. EAGLEMAN.
嗨，我是博士。


225
00:14:41,700 --> 00:14:44,566
THEN WE HAVE THEMSIT IN A SHOP WINDOW
然后我们将它们放在商店窗口中


226
00:14:44,666 --> 00:14:46,700
TO BE GAWKED AT BY PASSERSBY.
被PASSERSBY惊呆了。


227
00:14:48,766 --> 00:14:50,866
OK, CUETHE CURTAIN.
好，提示窗帘。


228
00:14:53,966 --> 00:14:55,466
FIRST UP, AN ADULT.
首先，成人。


229
00:15:01,233 --> 00:15:03,400
LOUISA'S STRESS RESPONSESEEMS TO BE
路易莎的压力反应


230
00:15:03,500 --> 00:15:07,333
HOLDING ABOUT STEADY,AT A PRETTY LOW LEVEL.
保持稳定，保持低水平。


231
00:15:07,433 --> 00:15:11,800
IT'S CLEAR THAT SHE'SRESPONDING TO PEOPLE BEING THERE
很明显，她是对有人在那里的反应


232
00:15:11,900 --> 00:15:16,033
BUT HER STRESS RESPONSEIS SIMPLY NOT GOING UP.
但是她的压力反应根本没有上升。


233
00:15:18,300 --> 00:15:21,266
BUT IN THE SAME SITUATION,THE TEEN BRAIN
但在同一情况下，青少年


234
00:15:21,366 --> 00:15:23,900
RESPONDS VERY DIFFERENTLY.
做出不同的回应。


235
00:15:32,633 --> 00:15:35,866
EAGLEMAN: OH, WOW,THAT'S A BIG RESPONSE.
EAGLEMAN：哦，哇，这是一个很大的回应。


236
00:15:35,966 --> 00:15:38,333
I'VE GOT TO AUTO SCALEHER HEARTBEAT
我已经准备好自动缩放心跳


237
00:15:38,433 --> 00:15:39,833
'CAUSE IT'SGONE UP SO MUCH.
造成这种情况的原因很多。


238
00:15:39,933 --> 00:15:41,000
YEAH.
是的


239
00:15:43,200 --> 00:15:45,366
HER GALVANICSKIN RESPONSE ISREALLY HIGH NOW.
现在她的皮肤电反应真的很高。


240
00:15:45,466 --> 00:15:47,366
IT JUST KEEPS GOING UP.
它只是保持上升。


241
00:15:47,466 --> 00:15:49,900
IT SUGGESTS SHE'S STRESSED OUT.
它建议她的压力很大。


242
00:15:54,066 --> 00:15:56,066
EAGLEMAN: HI, ZANDER.HOW ARE YOU?
EAGLEMAN：嗨，ZANDER。你好吗？


243
00:15:56,166 --> 00:15:57,700
I'M GOOD.GOOD, GOOD.
我很好，很好，很好。


244
00:15:59,966 --> 00:16:02,000
EAGLEMAN: THE MORE THATHE AVERTS HIS GAZE,
EAGLEMAN：避免这种情况的机会更大


245
00:16:02,100 --> 00:16:05,100
THE HIGHER HIS STRESSRESPONSE IS GOING.
他的压力反应越来越高。


246
00:16:05,200 --> 00:16:07,966
SO THIS IS PRESUMABLYHIS RESPONSE,
因此，这是应对措施，


247
00:16:08,066 --> 00:16:09,733
IS TO PRETEND LIKEHE'S NOT THERE.
假装他不在。


248
00:16:15,333 --> 00:16:18,633
EAGLEMAN: WHAT WORDSWOULD YOU USE TODESCRIBE HOW IT FELT?
EAGLEMAN：您将使用什么词来描述感觉如何？


249
00:16:18,733 --> 00:16:22,100
GIRL: AWKWARD.WEIRD, PRETTY MUCH.
女孩：很尴尬，很漂亮。


250
00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:25,200
ZANDER: IT WAS DIFFERENT, HAVINGPEOPLE JUST, LIKE, STARE AT YOU
赞德：事情不一样，像哈维哥人民一样，一直在你身边


251
00:16:25,300 --> 00:16:28,000
AND NOT KNOWING WHATTHEY WERE THINKING.
并且不知道他们在想什么。


252
00:16:31,300 --> 00:16:33,966
EAGLEMAN: SO WHY THE BIGDIFFERENCE IN RESPONSE BETWEEN
EAGLEMAN：为什么在响应之间存在生物差异


253
00:16:34,066 --> 00:16:36,600
THE ADULTS AND THE TEENAGERS?
成人和青少年？


254
00:16:36,700 --> 00:16:39,366
THE ANSWER INVOLVESAN AREA OF THE BRAIN
大脑的答案区域


255
00:16:39,466 --> 00:16:41,833
CALLED THE MEDIALPREFRONTAL CORTEX.
呼叫内侧前皮质。


256
00:16:47,500 --> 00:16:50,766
IT BECOMES ACTIVE WHENYOU THINK ABOUT YOURSELF,
当您对自己进行思考时，它就会变得活跃起来，


257
00:16:50,866 --> 00:16:52,833
ESPECIALLY THEEMOTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
特别是情感意义


258
00:16:52,933 --> 00:16:55,133
OF A SITUATION TO YOURSELF.
自己的情况。


259
00:16:56,966 --> 00:17:00,200
AS ONE GROWS FROMCHILDHOOD INTO ADOLESCENCE,
从儿童成长为拥护者，


260
00:17:00,300 --> 00:17:02,866
THE ACTIVITY INTHIS AREA RISES,
该地区的活动不断增加，


261
00:17:02,966 --> 00:17:05,266
PEAKING AROUND 15 YEARS OLD.
已有15年的历史。


262
00:17:05,366 --> 00:17:10,566
NOW, SOCIAL SITUATIONS CARRYA LOT OF EMOTIONAL WEIGHT.
现在，社会状况带有很多情感上的重量。


263
00:17:12,200 --> 00:17:14,300
IN ADULTS, THE STRESS RESPONSEFROM THAT
成人中的压力反应


264
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:18,066
FEELING OF BEING LOOKED ATIS RELATIVELY MODEST.
看上去比较呆板的感觉。


265
00:17:19,933 --> 00:17:23,400
BUT IN TEENAGERS, THATSAME EXPERIENCE CAUSES
但是，青少年会带来同样的体验


266
00:17:23,500 --> 00:17:27,466
SOCIAL EMOTIONS TO GOINTO OVERDRIVE.
过度情绪化的社会情感。


267
00:17:27,566 --> 00:17:32,433
THE RESULT IS A STRESS RESPONSEOF HIGH INTENSITY.
结果是高强度的应力响应。


268
00:17:36,033 --> 00:17:38,766
IT'S NOT JUST ABOUTSELF-CONSCIOUSNESS.
这不仅仅是关于自知之明。


269
00:17:38,866 --> 00:17:41,566
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEENBRAIN HAS OTHER CONSEQUENCES...
青少年大脑的发展还有其他后果...


270
00:17:45,100 --> 00:17:48,700
INCLUDING POOR IMPULSE CONTROL.
包括不良的脉冲控制。


271
00:17:48,800 --> 00:17:52,300
PARTS OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEXARE STILL DEVELOPING.
前皮质部分仍在发展。


272
00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:54,000
THOSE PARTS AREINVOLVED IN SIMULATING
这些部分与刺激有关


273
00:17:54,100 --> 00:17:56,666
THE CONSEQUENCES OF ACTIONS,
行动的后果


274
00:17:56,766 --> 00:17:59,333
AND THAT TRANSLATES INTOGREATER RISK-TAKING.
并转变为更大的风险承担。


275
00:18:06,700 --> 00:18:10,133
BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHENTHINGS CALM DOWN?
但是当出现故障时会发生什么？


276
00:18:10,233 --> 00:18:13,366
ONCE THE RUSH OF OURTEENAGE YEARS IS OVER,
过去几年的忙碌之后，


277
00:18:13,466 --> 00:18:16,366
DO OUR BRAINS STOP CHANGING?
我们的大脑会停止变化吗？


278
00:18:16,466 --> 00:18:19,766
IS WHO WE ARE FIXED IN STONEONCE WE REACH ADULTHOOD?
我们会陷入僵局吗？


279
00:18:21,966 --> 00:18:24,533
WELL, IT'S TRUE THATMOST OF THE DRAMATIC SHIFTS
好吧，那真是戏剧般的碎片


280
00:18:24,633 --> 00:18:27,733
IN BRAIN STRUCTURE ARE DONEBY OUR EARLY TWENTIES...
二十多岁就完成了大脑结构的研究...


281
00:18:29,700 --> 00:18:33,100
AND FOR A LONG TIME RESEARCHERSTHOUGHT THAT WAS THAT.
长期以来，研究人员都认为是这样。


282
00:18:35,766 --> 00:18:38,566
BUT I'VE COME TO LONDONTO LOOK AT A PIONEERING STUDY
但是我要来伦敦看一下先锋研究


283
00:18:38,666 --> 00:18:41,000
THAT REVEALS HOWEVEN IN ADULTHOOD,
揭示了成年后的表现


284
00:18:41,100 --> 00:18:45,066
OUR BRAINS CAN UNDERGORADICAL PHYSICAL CHANGES.
我们的大脑可能会发生根本的物理变化。


285
00:18:58,900 --> 00:18:59,900
THE STUDY OF THE KNOWLEDGE IS
知识的研究是


286
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:03,966
640 QUARTER MILERADIUS AREAS...
640 QUALER MILERADIUS区域...


287
00:19:04,066 --> 00:19:08,800
24,000 STREETS AND ROADSTHAT NEED TO BE LEARNT...
需要学习24,000条街道和道路...


288
00:19:08,900 --> 00:19:12,666
50,000 PLACES OF INTEREST.
50,000个感兴趣的地方。


289
00:19:12,766 --> 00:19:15,266
EAGLEMAN: WHAT IS KNOWNAS "THE KNOWLEDGE"
EAGLEMAN：什么叫“知识”


290
00:19:15,366 --> 00:19:17,466
IS A TEST OF RECALL...
是召回测试...


291
00:19:17,566 --> 00:19:20,100
OF ALL THE STREETS IN LONDON.
在伦敦的所有街道中。


292
00:19:20,200 --> 00:19:25,733
THE DRIVER OF EVERY BLACK CABHAS TO PASS IT TO GET A LICENSE.
每个黑驾驶舱的驾驶员都可以通过它来获取许可。


293
00:19:25,833 --> 00:19:28,366
MAN: BAYSWATER ROAD FROMMARBLE ARCH, ROUND PARK LANE...
男人：圆拱巷的大理石拱门的海滨道...


294
00:19:32,200 --> 00:19:34,366
EAGLEMAN: IT'S ONE OFTHE WORLD'S MOST DIFFICULT
EAGLEMAN：这是世界上最困难的事情之一


295
00:19:34,466 --> 00:19:38,800
FEATS OF MEMORY, AND COMPLETINGIT USUALLY TAKES
记忆的成就和通常的成就


296
00:19:38,900 --> 00:19:41,766
OVER 4 YEARS OFINTENSIVE STUDY.
四年多的密集学习。


297
00:19:44,033 --> 00:19:47,400
MAN: PEOPLE WILL SPEND3 TO 4 HOURS A DAY
男人：人们每天要花费3到4个小时


298
00:19:47,500 --> 00:19:50,233
RECITING PRETEND JOURNEYS.
假装之旅。


299
00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:55,533
THAT STARTS TO MAKE THEM..."SEE IT" IS THE TERM WE USE...
开始使它们...“使用它”是我们使用的术语...


300
00:19:55,633 --> 00:19:56,633
HOW TO GET AROUND LONDON.
如何前往伦敦。


301
00:19:58,566 --> 00:20:02,500
EAGLEMAN: THE UNIQUEMENTAL CHALLENGE OF PASSING"THE KNOWLEDGE"
EAGLEMAN：通过“知识”的独特挑战


302
00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:06,000
MADE IT OF PARTICULAR INTERESTTO A GROUP OF NEUROSCIENTISTS.
对一组神经科学专家产生了特殊的兴趣。


303
00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:13,233
THEY BEGAN DOING BRAIN SCANSOF THE DRIVERS BEFORE,
他们开始做驾驶员的脑筋之前，


304
00:20:13,333 --> 00:20:17,300
DURING, AND AFTERTHE RIGOROUS TRAINING.
在进行严格的培训期间和之后。


305
00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:20,300
THEY WERE INTERESTEDIN AN AREA OF THE BRAIN
他们对大脑区域感兴趣


306
00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:23,633
CALLED THE POSTERIORHIPPOCAMPUS.
召集后海马队。


307
00:20:23,733 --> 00:20:27,100
IT UNDERPINS SPATIAL MEMORY.
它巩固了空间记忆。


308
00:20:27,200 --> 00:20:30,566
AT THE BEGINNING, IT LOOKEDJUST LIKE EVERYONE ELSE'S,
在开始时，就像每个人一样，


309
00:20:30,666 --> 00:20:35,166
BUT BY THE END OF THE TRAINING,IT HAD GROWN PHYSICALLY LARGER.
但是到培训结束时，它的身体已经长大了。


310
00:20:37,400 --> 00:20:40,100
ALL THE MAP-MEMORIZING,ALL THE DRIVING,
所有的地图存储，所有的驱动，


311
00:20:40,200 --> 00:20:42,400
ALL THE SIMULATIONOF FUTURE ROUTES...
未来路线的所有模拟...


312
00:20:42,500 --> 00:20:45,100
THIS RESHAPEDTHEIR BRAIN ANATOMY
这重塑了他们的大脑解剖


313
00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:47,933
TO MATCH THE TASK AT HAND.
随时随地进行任务。


314
00:20:48,033 --> 00:20:51,333
THE LONGER A CABBIEHAD BEEN DOING HIS JOB,
骑自行车的人不再做他的工作，


315
00:20:51,433 --> 00:20:53,866
THE BIGGER THE CHANGEIN THAT BRAIN REGION.
在该地区的变化更大。


316
00:20:56,333 --> 00:21:00,333
EVEN WHEN WE'RE ADULTS,OUR BRAINS CAN STILL CHANGE.
即使是成人，我们的大脑仍会发生变化。


317
00:21:02,900 --> 00:21:04,566
SOMETHING THAT CAN BE SHAPED
可以塑造的东西


318
00:21:04,666 --> 00:21:07,800
AND HOLD ON TO THAT SHAPEIS WHAT WE CALL PLASTIC,
并坚持我们所谓的塑料形状，


319
00:21:07,900 --> 00:21:09,966
AND THAT'S HOW IT GOESWITH THE ADULT BRAIN:
以及成人脑如何运作：


320
00:21:10,066 --> 00:21:14,133
EXPERIENCE CHANGES IT,AND IT RETAINS THAT CHANGE.
经验改变了它，并且它恢复了这种变化。


321
00:21:14,233 --> 00:21:17,333
IT'S MALLEABLE,IT HAS PLASTICITY.
这是可恶意的，具有可塑性。


322
00:21:17,433 --> 00:21:20,933
THAT MEANS THAT WHO YOU ARE,AND WHO YOU CAN BE,
表示您是谁，您可能是谁，


323
00:21:21,033 --> 00:21:23,500
IS A WORK IN PROGRESS.
是一项进展中的工作。


324
00:21:27,500 --> 00:21:31,100
MANY ACTIVITIES CAN CAUSETHE BRAIN TO TRANSFORM.
许多活动可能会导致大脑发生转化。


325
00:21:34,566 --> 00:21:36,800
FOR EXAMPLE, LEARNINGA MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
例如，学习乐器


326
00:21:36,900 --> 00:21:39,133
CAN PRODUCE DRAMATIC CHANGES.
可能导致戏剧性变化。


327
00:21:41,866 --> 00:21:44,700
MUSICIANS CAN LEARN LANGUAGESMORE QUICKLY
音乐家可以更快地学习语言


328
00:21:44,800 --> 00:21:47,700
AND HAVE IMPROVED MEMORYAS A RESULT OF THE WAY
并改善了存储方式


329
00:21:47,800 --> 00:21:51,200
YEARS OF PRACTICE HAVEALTERED THEIR BRAINS.
多年的实践改变了他们的大脑。


330
00:21:53,600 --> 00:21:56,333
ALBERT EINSTEIN'S BRAINWAS EXAMINED AFTER DEATH
死后对阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的大脑进行了检查


331
00:21:56,433 --> 00:21:57,933
BY RESEARCHERS.
由研究人员。


332
00:21:58,033 --> 00:22:01,000
THEY WERE HUNTINGFOR SIGNS OF GENIUS.
他们正在寻找天蝎座的迹象。


333
00:22:02,866 --> 00:22:05,000
BUT INSTEAD, THEY DISCOVEREDTHE BRAIN AREA
但是，他们发现了大脑区域


334
00:22:05,100 --> 00:22:08,200
DEVOTED TO OPERATINGTHE FINGERS OF THE LEFT HAND
致力于操作左手的手指


335
00:22:08,300 --> 00:22:10,933
WAS MUCH LARGER THAN NORMAL...ALL THANKS TO HIS
比正常大得多...全部感谢他


336
00:22:11,033 --> 00:22:15,566
LESS COMMONLY KNOWN PASSIONFOR PLAYING THE VIOLIN.
很少有演奏小提琴的热情。


337
00:22:15,666 --> 00:22:17,800
HI, PADDINGTONSTATION. OK.
嗨，PADDINGTONSTATION。


338
00:22:21,166 --> 00:22:23,200
IN FACT,EVERYTHING WE EXPERIENCE
实际上，我们所经历的一切


339
00:22:23,300 --> 00:22:25,600
WILL ALTER THE PHYSICALSTRUCTURE OF OUR BRAIN
会改变我们大脑的物理结构


340
00:22:25,700 --> 00:22:29,800
IN SOME WAY... MEANING THATFOR AS LONG AS WE'RE ALIVE,
从某种意义上讲...意味着我们还活着，


341
00:22:29,900 --> 00:22:33,633
OUR IDENTITIES AREN'T FIXED,BUT CONSTANTLY CHANGING.
我们的身份没有固定，但是不断变化。


342
00:22:36,100 --> 00:22:40,233
FROM OUR JOBSTO FALLING IN LOVE,
从我们的工作到坠入爱河，


343
00:22:40,333 --> 00:22:42,566
HAVING KIDS,



344
00:22:42,666 --> 00:22:45,166
AND SPENDING TIME WITH FRIENDS.
和朋友在一起。


345
00:22:47,100 --> 00:22:49,566
ALL OF THESE CHANGETHE WIRING OF YOUR BRAIN
所有这些改变您的大脑的连线


346
00:22:49,666 --> 00:22:54,100
TO MAKE YOU WHO YOU ARE,AND WHO YOU CAN BECOME.
让您成为自己，成为自己。


347
00:23:02,800 --> 00:23:05,133
BUT THE BRAINCAN ALSO CHANGE IN WAYS THAT
但是BRAINCAN也会以这种方式改变


348
00:23:05,233 --> 00:23:07,833
WE HAVE NO CONTROL OVER...
我们无法控制...


349
00:23:11,066 --> 00:23:12,900
WAYS THAT CAN HAVEA TERRIBLE IMPACT
可能造成严重影响的方式


350
00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:15,833
ON OUR PERSONALITY AND ACTIONS.
关于我们的人格和行动。


351
00:23:20,700 --> 00:23:23,500
WE SEE THIS IN A LETTERDISCOVERED BY POLICE
我们在警察发现的一封信中看到了这一点


352
00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:25,166
IN THE WAKE OFA VIOLENT TRAGEDY
在一场暴力悲剧中


353
00:23:25,266 --> 00:23:30,300
THAT HAPPENED IN AUSTIN, TEXAS,IN THE SUMMER OF 1966.
1966年夏季，这种情况发生在德克萨斯州的奥斯丁。


354
00:23:33,666 --> 00:23:38,066
25-YEAR-OLD CHARLES WHITMANWAS A MODEL CITIZEN.
25岁的查尔斯·惠特曼是一位公民模型。


355
00:23:38,166 --> 00:23:40,366
HE HAD BEEN AN EAGLE SCOUT,
他曾是一名鹰探，


356
00:23:40,466 --> 00:23:43,233
HE'D BEEN HONORABLYDISCHARGED FROM THE MILITARY.
他已经从军事上被正式解雇了。


357
00:23:43,333 --> 00:23:45,100
HE WAS WORKINGAS A BANK TELLER
他当时是一名银行电话工作人员


358
00:23:45,200 --> 00:23:47,833
AND STUDYING ASAN ENGINEERING STUDENT,
和研究ASAN工程专业的学生，


359
00:23:47,933 --> 00:23:50,700
YET WHAT HE'D WRITTENPOINTED TO
但他曾写过什么


360
00:23:50,800 --> 00:23:53,633
A DISTURBING CHANGEIN HIS PERSONALITY.
令人不安的个性变化。


361
00:23:55,366 --> 00:23:58,466
"I DON'T REALLY UNDERSTANDMYSELF THESE DAYS.
“这些天我真的不太了解。


362
00:23:58,566 --> 00:24:00,366
"I'M SUPPOSED TO BE AN AVERAGE,
“我应该是平均水平，


363
00:24:00,466 --> 00:24:03,000
"REASONABLE, AND INTELLIGENTYOUNG MAN.
“合理，聪明的年轻人。


364
00:24:03,100 --> 00:24:06,766
"HOWEVER, LATELY... I CAN'TRECALL WHEN IT STARTED...
“但是，最近...开始时我无法回想...


365
00:24:06,866 --> 00:24:10,166
"I HAVE BEEN A VICTIMOF MANY UNUSUAL
“我被许多非同寻常的受害者


366
00:24:10,266 --> 00:24:12,833
AND IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS."
和不合理的思想。”


367
00:24:14,400 --> 00:24:17,166
WHAT WHITMAN WAS DESCRIBINGWERE THOUGHTS
关于惠特曼的描述是什么


368
00:24:17,266 --> 00:24:19,933
THAT WOULD LEAD TO KILLING.
那将导致杀戮。


369
00:24:20,033 --> 00:24:22,033
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: DEATHAND TERROR STOP THE CAMPUS
新闻叙事者：死亡和恐怖停止校园


370
00:24:22,066 --> 00:24:24,333
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXASIN AUSTIN,
德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校


371
00:24:24,433 --> 00:24:27,166
AS A SNIPER'S BULLETS FORCEPEOPLE TO SCURRY FOR COVER.
作为狙击手的力量，人们迫切需要掩护。


372
00:24:30,166 --> 00:24:31,966
A STREAM OFDEADLY ACCURATE FIRE
一连串致命的火灾


373
00:24:32,066 --> 00:24:34,166
SENDS BODIES CRUMPLINGTO THE GROUND EVERYWHERE...
将尸体发送到遍布各地的身体...


374
00:24:34,266 --> 00:24:38,266
EAGLEMAN: ON AUGUST 1, 1966,WHITMAN TOOK AN ELEVATOR
伊格曼：1966年8月1日，怀特曼乘坐电梯


375
00:24:38,366 --> 00:24:41,800
TO THE TOP OF THE UNIVERSITYOF TEXAS TOWER.
到德克萨斯大学塔顶。


376
00:24:41,900 --> 00:24:43,200
NEWSREEL NARRATOR:AN ARMORED TRUCK...
新闻速递旁白：装甲卡车...


377
00:24:43,300 --> 00:24:45,566
EAGLEMAN: THERE, HE STARTEDFIRING INDISCRIMINATELY
EAGLEMAN：在那里，他开始不加选择地开火


378
00:24:45,666 --> 00:24:47,066
AT THE PEOPLE BELOW.
在下面的人。


379
00:24:47,166 --> 00:24:48,933
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: VICTIMS WEREBEING HIT AT A RATE OF
新闻速递旁白：被害者的命中率


380
00:24:49,033 --> 00:24:50,966
MORE THAN ONEEVERY 3 MINUTES.
超过3分钟。


381
00:24:51,066 --> 00:24:54,600
EAGLEMAN: 13 PEOPLE WERE KILLEDAND 33 WOUNDED,
EAGLEMAN：有13个人被杀，33人受伤，


382
00:24:54,700 --> 00:24:58,200
UNTIL WHITMAN HIMSELF WASFINALLY SHOT DEAD BY THE POLICE.
直到惠特曼·希姆瑟尔夫（Whitman HIMSELF）最终被警察追捕。


383
00:24:58,300 --> 00:25:00,333
NEWSREEL NARRATOR: HIS TOWERARSENAL INCLUDED 3 RIFLES,
NEWSREEL旁白：他的TOWERRSENAL包括3个步枪，


384
00:25:00,433 --> 00:25:02,533
A SHOTGUN, TWO PISTOLS,AND A KNIFE.
一把手枪，两把手枪和一把刀。


385
00:25:02,633 --> 00:25:05,166
EAGLEMAN: WHEN POLICE REACHEDHIS HOUSE, THEY DISCOVERED THAT
EAGLEMAN：当警察REACHEDHIS房屋时，他们发现了


386
00:25:05,266 --> 00:25:09,333
HE'D KILLED HIS WIFE ANDHIS MOTHER THE NIGHT BEFORE.
他杀了他的妻子，并在夜幕降临时为母亲。


387
00:25:10,900 --> 00:25:12,700
THERE WAS ONLYONE THING MORE SURPRISING
仅此而已


388
00:25:12,800 --> 00:25:16,000
THAN THIS RANDOM ACTOF VIOLENCE, AND THAT IS
不只是这种暴力行为，而是


389
00:25:16,100 --> 00:25:19,133
THERE WAS NOTHING REALLY ABOUTCHARLES WHITMAN THAT SUGGESTED
并没有真正建议的查理·惠特曼


390
00:25:19,233 --> 00:25:21,066
HE WOULD DOSOMETHING LIKE THIS.
他会为此撒些东西。


391
00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:25,500
IT SEEMEDCOMPLETELY SENSELESS.
它看起来完全是感觉。


392
00:25:25,600 --> 00:25:27,800
BUT THE LETTER THEYFOUND IN HIS HOME,
但他们在他家发现了信件


393
00:25:27,900 --> 00:25:29,900
WRITTEN PRIOR TO THE KILLINGS,
写在杀人之前


394
00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:33,900
SUGGESTED A POSSIBLEEXPLANATION FOR HIS ACTIONS.
建议采取可能的行动。


395
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:37,866
IN THE NOTE, HE MADEAN UNUSUAL REQUEST.
在说明中，他提出了不寻常的要求。


396
00:25:37,966 --> 00:25:42,100
"AFTER MY DEATH, I WISH THAT ANAUTOPSY WOULD BE PERFORMED ON ME
“我死后，我希望对我进行解剖


397
00:25:42,200 --> 00:25:46,533
TO SEE IF THERE IS ANYVISIBLE PHYSICAL DISORDER."
请查看是否存在明显的身体不适。”


398
00:25:46,633 --> 00:25:49,566
WHITMAN'S WISH WAS GRANTED.
惠特曼的愿望已授予。


399
00:25:49,666 --> 00:25:52,733
DURING THE AUTOPSY,THE PATHOLOGISTS FOUND
在尸检期间，病科医生发现


400
00:25:52,833 --> 00:25:55,233
THAT WHITMAN HAD A BRAIN TUMOR.
那个惠特曼有脑瘤。


401
00:25:58,000 --> 00:25:59,400
IT WAS ABOUT THE SIZEOF A NICKEL,
关于镍的大小，


402
00:25:59,500 --> 00:26:01,766
AND IT WAS PRESSING AGAINSTA PART OF HIS BRAIN
并且它正在压制他的大脑的一部分


403
00:26:01,866 --> 00:26:05,666
CALLED THE AMYGDALA, WHICH ISINVOLVED IN FEAR AND AGGRESSION.
被称为恐惧和侵略的扁桃体。


404
00:26:07,233 --> 00:26:10,133
THIS PRESSURE ON THE AMYGDALALED TO A CASCADE
施加到级联上的压力


405
00:26:10,233 --> 00:26:12,666
OF CONSEQUENCESIN WHITMAN'S BRAIN,
惠特曼脑的后果


406
00:26:12,766 --> 00:26:15,666
RESULTING IN HIM TAKING ACTIONS
结果他采取行动


407
00:26:15,766 --> 00:26:19,566
THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BECOMPLETELY OUT OF CHARACTER.
否则，它将完全不受字符限制。


408
00:26:19,666 --> 00:26:22,533
HIS BRAIN MATTERHAD BEEN CHANGING,
他的大脑MATTERHAD发生了变化，


409
00:26:22,633 --> 00:26:26,533
AND WHO HE WAS CHANGED WITH IT.
和他改变了它。


410
00:26:26,633 --> 00:26:28,666
WHITMAN'S EXAMPLE IS EXTREME,
惠特曼的榜样是极端的


411
00:26:28,766 --> 00:26:31,333
BUT OTHER LESS DRAMATICCHANGES IN THE BRAIN
但是大脑中其他戏剧性的变化


412
00:26:31,433 --> 00:26:34,566
ALSO ALTER THE FABRICOF WHO WE ARE.
还改变了我们的面料。


413
00:26:37,433 --> 00:26:40,333
PARKINSON'S DISEASECAN LEAD SOME PEOPLE...
帕金森氏病可能导致某些人...


414
00:26:40,433 --> 00:26:44,900
EVEN THE MOST DEVOUT...TO LOSE THEIR FAITH,
即使是最虔诚的人……失去信心，


415
00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:50,100
AND A MEDICATION FOR PARKINSON'SCAN LEAD TO COMPULSIVE GAMBLING.
以及帕金森氏症的药物可能导致强迫性赌博。


416
00:26:51,500 --> 00:26:55,466
AND IT'S NOT JUST DISEASEOR DRUGS THAT CAN CHANGE US.
并不仅仅是改变我们的疾病药物。


417
00:26:55,566 --> 00:27:00,766
FROM THE THINGS WE CONSUMETO THE SIMPLE PROCESS OF AGING,
从我们所消费的事物来看，衰老的简单过程


418
00:27:00,866 --> 00:27:04,900
EVERYTHING CONTRIBUTESTO CONTINUALLY RESHAPING
一切都在不断重塑


419
00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:08,500
THE NEURAL NETWORKSTHAT AMOUNT TO US.
对我们来说足够的神经网络。


420
00:27:16,466 --> 00:27:19,800
SO WHO WE ARE CHANGESIN THE COURSE OF OUR LIFE
因此，我们在人生历程中发生了变化


421
00:27:19,900 --> 00:27:22,033
AS OUR BRAIN CHANGES.
作为我们的大脑变化。


422
00:27:23,666 --> 00:27:25,566
BUT THANKFULLY,THERE'S ONE CONSTANT
非常感谢，有一个常数


423
00:27:25,666 --> 00:27:27,233
THAT LINKS IT ALL TOGETHER.
链接在一起。


424
00:27:28,633 --> 00:27:32,600
IT'S A PILLAROF OUR PERSONALITY...
这是我们个性的支柱...


425
00:27:34,166 --> 00:27:35,600
MEMORY.
记忆。


426
00:27:37,700 --> 00:27:40,700
MEMORY SITS RIGHTAT THE CORE OF OUR IDENTITY...
记忆就位于我们的身份核心...


427
00:27:40,800 --> 00:27:42,666
IT GIVES OUR LIVES A NARRATIVE,
它给我们的生活带来叙事，


428
00:27:42,766 --> 00:27:45,166
ONE THAT WE CAN SHARE,ONE THAT HAS MEANING.
我们可以分享的一种，就意味着一种。


429
00:27:46,900 --> 00:27:48,666
BUT THERE'S A PROBLEM...
但是有一个问题...


430
00:27:48,766 --> 00:27:50,866
MEMORY ISN'T ALWAYS RELIABLE.
内存并非始终可靠。


431
00:27:52,766 --> 00:27:56,200
TO UNDERSTAND HOWIT ALTERS AND WHY,
要了解如何操作以及为什么，


432
00:27:56,300 --> 00:27:59,300
I'VE COME UP WITH A LITTLETHOUGHT EXPERIMENT.
我要参加一个合法的实验。


433
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:03,133
MEET 35-YEAR-OLD DAISY.
满足35岁的雏菊。


434
00:28:03,233 --> 00:28:05,766
SO IMAGINEDAISY COULD MEETHER 5-YEAR-OLD SELF.
因此，想象力可以满足5岁以上的自我。


435
00:28:05,866 --> 00:28:09,133
SAME PERSON, SAMELIFE EXPERIENCES,
相同的人，SAMELIFE的经验，


436
00:28:09,233 --> 00:28:12,500
A SUBSET OFHER MEMORIES.
她的记忆的子集。


437
00:28:12,600 --> 00:28:16,500
OR WHAT IF DAISY COULDMEET HER 85-YEAR-OLD SELF,
还是如果戴西（DAISY）可以接受她85岁的自我，


438
00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:20,300
THE SAME PERSON, BUTEXPERIENCES PLAYED OUT MORE.
相同的人，BUTEXPERIENCES发挥更多。


439
00:28:20,400 --> 00:28:23,866
IMAGINE THAT DAISY COULDMEET ALL OF HER SELVES
想象一下，雏菊会让她所有的自我


440
00:28:23,966 --> 00:28:26,800
ACROSS THE SPECTRUMOF HER LIFETIME.
纵观她的一生。


441
00:28:30,233 --> 00:28:32,066
YOU MIGHT THINKTHAT ALL THESE DAISYS
您可能会想到所有这些雏菊


442
00:28:32,166 --> 00:28:35,000
WOULD SHARE THE EXACTSAME MEMORIES.
将共享完全相同的记忆。


443
00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:40,166
BUT ALTHOUGH THEIR MEMORIESRELATE BACK TO THE SAME EVENTS,
但它们的记忆与同一事件有关，


444
00:28:40,266 --> 00:28:44,133
IN FACT, WHAT THEY REMEMBER ISLIKELY TO BE QUITE DIFFERENT.
实际上，它们的含义很不一样。


445
00:28:46,066 --> 00:28:50,133
AND THAT'S BECAUSE OF WHATA MEMORY ACTUALLY IS.
这实际上是什么内存的原因。


446
00:28:54,466 --> 00:28:56,533
SO A FEW YEARS AGO,I WENT OUT FOR DINNER
这么多年了，我出去吃饭了


447
00:28:56,633 --> 00:29:01,100
TO CELEBRATE MY FRIEND CHERYL'SBIRTHDAY WITH HER BOYFRIEND JOE.
与她的男友乔庆祝我的朋友谢丽尔·生日。


448
00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:04,366
I REMEMBER IT DISTINCTLYBECAUSE IT WAS SO ENJOYABLE.
我特别记得，因为它是如此令人愉快。


449
00:29:06,566 --> 00:29:08,933
EVERYTHING I EXPERIENCEDTHAT EVENING
晚上我所经历的一切


450
00:29:09,033 --> 00:29:12,733
TRIGGERED PARTICULAR PATTERNSOF ACTIVITY IN MY BRAIN,
我的脑中触发的特定活动模式


451
00:29:12,833 --> 00:29:16,133
LIGHTING UP CONSTELLATIONSOF CELLS.
点亮细胞群。


452
00:29:16,233 --> 00:29:19,800
THE CONVERSATION BETWEENJOE AND CHERYL.
朱伊和谢丽尔之间的对话。


453
00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:22,466
THE SMELL OF THE COFFEE.
咖啡的味道。


454
00:29:22,566 --> 00:29:25,466
THE TASTE OF THISLITTLE FRENCH CAKE.
这款法式法式蛋糕的味道。


455
00:29:25,566 --> 00:29:29,766
ALL OF THESE CONSTELLATIONSBECAME LINKED WITH ONE ANOTHER
所有这些星座都与另一个联系在一起


456
00:29:29,866 --> 00:29:33,333
IN A VAST ASSOCIATIVENETWORK OF NEURONS
在庞大的神经网络中


457
00:29:33,433 --> 00:29:36,566
THAT THE HIPPOCAMPUS REPLAYEDOVER AND OVER
海马一遍又一遍地播放


458
00:29:36,666 --> 00:29:39,700
UNTIL THE ASSOCIATIONBECAME FIXED,
直到确定协会已修复，


459
00:29:39,800 --> 00:29:43,633
AND THAT WAS THE UNIQUESIGNATURE OF THIS EXPERIENCE.
这就是这种体验的独特之处。


460
00:29:45,066 --> 00:29:49,000
THAT WOULD BECOME MY MEMORYOF CHERYL'S BIRTHDAY.
这将成为我对CHERYL生日的纪念。


461
00:29:50,666 --> 00:29:54,333
SO IS A MEMORY SIMPLY LIKEWATCHING AN OLD VIDEO RECORDING
只需简单地观看旧视频记录就可以了


462
00:29:54,433 --> 00:29:57,000
THAT WE JUSTCALL UP AND REPLAY?
我们只是召集并重播？


463
00:29:57,100 --> 00:30:01,066
IT FEELS LIKE THAT, BUT INREALITY IT'S QUITE DIFFERENT.
感觉就像，但它完全不同。


464
00:30:02,666 --> 00:30:06,700
MEMORIES ARE ACTUALLYBRAIN STATES FROM A BYGONE TIME
记忆是过去的时间实际上是大脑状态


465
00:30:06,800 --> 00:30:09,166
THAT WE HAVE TO RESURRECT.
我们必须恢复。


466
00:30:13,800 --> 00:30:15,133
SO HERE I AM6 MONTHS LATER,
所以我晚6个月，


467
00:30:15,233 --> 00:30:16,900
IN A TOTALLY DIFFERENT CITY,AND I TASTE
在一个完全不同的城市，我尝到了


468
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:18,700
ONE OF THESE LITTLEFRENCH CAKES AGAIN,
这些蛋糕的蛋糕之一，


469
00:30:18,800 --> 00:30:20,000
AND IT'S JUST LIKETHE ONE THAT I HAD
它就像我所拥有的一个


470
00:30:20,100 --> 00:30:22,166
AT CHERYL'S BIRTHDAY PARTY.
在CHERYL的生日派对上。


471
00:30:22,266 --> 00:30:24,966
AND IN MY BRAIN, THISVERY SPECIFIC TRIGGER
在我的大脑中，此特定触发


472
00:30:25,066 --> 00:30:27,800
LIGHTS UP A WHOLE WEBOF ASSOCIATIONS,
点亮了整个WEBOF协会，


473
00:30:27,900 --> 00:30:29,966
LIKE THE LIGHTS OFA CITY COMING ONLINE,
就像城市在线上的灯光一样，


474
00:30:30,066 --> 00:30:32,733
AND SUDDENLY I'M BACKIN THAT MEMORY.
突然之间，我又回到了记忆中。


475
00:30:34,866 --> 00:30:38,266
BUT IT'S NOT AS RICH ASI WOULD HAVE IMAGINED.
但是它不会像想象中那样丰富。


476
00:30:38,366 --> 00:30:42,166
I KNOW THATJOE AND CHERYL WERE THERE,
我知道那里有乔伊和谢丽尔，


477
00:30:42,266 --> 00:30:45,266
AND CHERYL, I THINK,WAS WEARING A BLUE SHIRT.
我想，CHERYL穿着蓝色衬衫。


478
00:30:45,366 --> 00:30:47,566
OR MAYBE IT WAS PURPLE.
还是紫色。


479
00:30:47,666 --> 00:30:48,900
ACTUALLY, MAYBE IT WAS GREEN.
实际上，也许是绿色的。


480
00:30:50,633 --> 00:30:53,566
THE MEMORY OF CHERYL'SBIRTHDAY, IN MY BRAIN,
在我的大脑里，CHERYL'SSBIRTHDAY的记忆


481
00:30:53,666 --> 00:30:56,066
HAS STARTED TO FADE.
已开始淡出。


482
00:30:56,166 --> 00:30:59,166
OUR MEMORIES FADE GRADUALLY,BECAUSE OUR BRAIN ONLY HAS
我们的记忆逐渐消失，因为我们的大脑只有


483
00:30:59,266 --> 00:31:01,266
A FINITE NUMBER OF NEURONS,
有限的神经元


484
00:31:01,366 --> 00:31:05,166
WHICH OVER TIME GET USEDFOR OTHER MEMORIES.
随着时间的推移将其用于其他内存。


485
00:31:05,266 --> 00:31:09,400
IT MEANS THAT THE DETAILSHAVE NOW BECOME A LITTLE HAZY.
这意味着详细信息现在变得有点模糊。


486
00:31:11,366 --> 00:31:14,766
WHAT MATTERS IS THAT I REMEMBERTHAT WE HAD A GREAT TIME.
我要记住的是，我们度过了一段美好的时光。


487
00:31:16,666 --> 00:31:18,106
BUT EVEN THAT'SNOT TOTALLY CERTAIN.
但即使如此，也无法完全确定。


488
00:31:18,166 --> 00:31:20,800
BECAUSE IN THEINTERVENING MONTHS,
因为中间的几个月，


489
00:31:20,900 --> 00:31:23,466
JOE AND CHERYL HAVE BROKEN UP.
乔和谢丽尔分手了。


490
00:31:23,566 --> 00:31:28,000
AND SO NOW I'M WONDERING... DID ISENSE ANY RED FLAGS THERE?
因此，我现在想知道...那里是否有红色标记？


491
00:31:29,966 --> 00:31:32,166
THE STATE OF MYEMOTIONS RIGHT NOW
现在的运动状态


492
00:31:32,266 --> 00:31:35,966
CHANGES THE NETWORKTHAT CORRESPONDS TO THEN.
更改与之相对应的网络。


493
00:31:36,066 --> 00:31:39,033
MY PRESENT COLORS MY PAST.
我当前的颜色我的过去。


494
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:43,733
WHAT THIS MEANS FOR ALL OF US
这对我们所有人意味着什么


495
00:31:43,833 --> 00:31:47,266
IS THAT THE SAME EVENT WILLBE REMEMBERED DIFFERENTLY,
是同一事件将被不同地记住，


496
00:31:47,366 --> 00:31:50,266
DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU AREAT THAT POINT IN YOUR LIFE.
取决于您生活中的那个地点。


497
00:31:52,633 --> 00:31:55,600
SO HOW RELIABLEARE OUR MEMORIES?
那么我们的记忆可靠吗？


498
00:31:55,700 --> 00:31:57,800
HOW FAR CAN THEY BE ALTERED?
他们可以更改多少？


499
00:31:57,900 --> 00:32:00,400
AND WHY DO OUR BRAINSWORK THAT WAY?
为什么我们的大脑会这样工作？


500
00:32:06,100 --> 00:32:09,866
THE FIRST SUGGESTION ABOUTHOW VULNERABLE OUR MEMORY IS
关于如何破坏我们的记忆的第一个建议


501
00:32:09,966 --> 00:32:11,466
CAME WITHTHE GROUNDBREAKING WORK
突破地面的工作


502
00:32:11,566 --> 00:32:14,000
OF PROFESSOR ELIZABETH LOFTUS.
伊丽莎白·洛夫图斯教授


503
00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:22,400
SHE DEVISED THIS SIMPLEEXPERIMENT IN WHICH VOLUNTEERS
她在志愿者中设计了这种简单的实验


504
00:32:22,500 --> 00:32:24,966
WATCHED FILMS OF CAR CRASHES.
观看到的汽车崩溃电影。


505
00:32:25,066 --> 00:32:27,566
SHE THEN ASKED THEMA SERIES OF QUESTIONS
然后她问了主题系列


506
00:32:27,666 --> 00:32:29,333
TO TEST WHAT THEY REMEMBERED.
测试他们的记忆。


507
00:32:31,500 --> 00:32:33,933
SO IF I ASK YOUA QUESTION, YOU KNOW,
所以，如果我问您一个问题，您知道，


508
00:32:34,033 --> 00:32:38,166
HOW FAST WERE THE CARS GOINGWHEN THEY HIT EACH OTHER,
当彼此撞车时，汽车的行驶速度有多快，


509
00:32:38,266 --> 00:32:39,966
VERSUS HOW FASTWERE THE CARS GOING
与如何快速普及汽车


510
00:32:40,066 --> 00:32:43,533
WHEN THEY SMASHEDINTO EACH OTHER,
当他们彼此SMASHEDINTO时，


511
00:32:43,633 --> 00:32:46,566
WITNESSES GIVE DIFFERENTESTIMATES OF SPEED.
证人给出不同的速度估计。


512
00:32:46,666 --> 00:32:48,500
THEY THINK THE CARSWERE GOING FASTER
他们认为汽车变得更快


513
00:32:48,600 --> 00:32:50,300
IF YOU USEDTHE WORD SMASHED.
如果您使用“混搭”一词。


514
00:32:51,900 --> 00:32:55,300
AND SO THIS WAS ONE OFMY EARLIEST EXAMPLESSHOWING THAT
所以这是我最早的例子之一


515
00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:58,266
LEADING QUESTIONS CANDISTORT THE ANSWERS
领先的问题可能扭曲答案


516
00:32:58,366 --> 00:33:01,600
AND CAN CONTAMINATEA PERSON'S MEMORY.
并且会污染人的记忆。


517
00:33:03,900 --> 00:33:07,333
EAGLEMAN: THE DISCOVERYTHAT EXISTING MEMORIESCOULD BE DISTORTED
EAGLEMAN：现有的记忆被扭曲的发现


518
00:33:07,433 --> 00:33:10,833
LED LOFTUS TO ASKA MORE RADICAL QUESTION.
LED LOFTUS向ASKA提出了更多的自由基问题。


519
00:33:12,266 --> 00:33:16,400
WOULD IT BE POSSIBLE TO IMPLANTENTIRELY FALSE MEMORIES?
是否可能会永久地伪造记忆？


520
00:33:19,633 --> 00:33:23,333
TO FIND OUT, SHE DEVISEDANOTHER EXPERIMENT.
为了找出答案，她设计了另一项实验。


521
00:33:26,200 --> 00:33:29,466
SHE RECRUITED VOLUNTEERSAND THEN HAD HER TEAM
她招募了志愿者并组成了她的团队


522
00:33:29,566 --> 00:33:32,100
CALL THEIR FAMILIESFOR INFORMATION
致电其家庭以获取信息


523
00:33:32,200 --> 00:33:34,866
ABOUT EVENTS FROM THEIR PAST.
关于过去的事件。


524
00:33:34,966 --> 00:33:36,600
THE RESEARCHERSTHEN PUT TOGETHER
研究人员在一起


525
00:33:36,700 --> 00:33:40,666
A NUMBER OF STORIESABOUT THEIR CHILDHOODS.
有关儿童的许多故事。


526
00:33:40,766 --> 00:33:42,733
3 WERE TRUE.
3是正确的。


527
00:33:42,833 --> 00:33:44,733
BUT ONE, WHILESOUNDING PLAUSIBLE,
但是有可能，


528
00:33:44,833 --> 00:33:46,666
WAS ENTIRELY MADE UP.
完全弥补了。


529
00:33:51,600 --> 00:33:53,566
THE STORY INVOLVEDTHE VOLUNTEER
故事涉及义工


530
00:33:53,666 --> 00:33:56,300
GETTING LOST INA SHOPPING MALL AS A CHILD...



531
00:34:01,200 --> 00:34:05,800
THEN BEING FOUND BYA KIND OLD PERSON...
然后被亲切的老人们发现...


532
00:34:05,900 --> 00:34:08,833
AND THEN REUNITEDWITH HER PARENTS.
然后与她的父母团聚。


533
00:34:14,166 --> 00:34:16,566
WHEN TOLD THE 4 STORIES,
讲四个故事时，


534
00:34:16,666 --> 00:34:18,600
AT LEAST A QUARTEROF THE PARTICIPANTS
至少有四分之一的参与者


535
00:34:18,699 --> 00:34:23,066
CLAIMED THEY COULD REMEMBERBEING LOST IN THE MALL...
声称他们可能会忘记在商场里...


536
00:34:23,166 --> 00:34:24,500
EVEN THOUGH IT NEVER HAPPENED.
甚至从未发生过。


537
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:26,133
6 AT THE TIME.
当时6。


538
00:34:26,233 --> 00:34:27,733
MAN: YOU CRY ORANYTHING LIKE THAT...
男人：你哭或有什么...


539
00:34:27,833 --> 00:34:30,400
YEAH, NO, I DID CRY.CRIED A LOT.
是的，不，我哭了很多。


540
00:34:30,500 --> 00:34:33,600
EAGLEMAN: AND THE EXPERIMENTDIDN'T STOP THERE.
EAGLEMAN：实验并没有停止。


541
00:34:33,699 --> 00:34:36,500
LOFTUS: THEY MAY START TOREMEMBER A LITTLE BIT ABOUT IT.
LOFTUS：他们可能会开始记得一点点有关它的信息。


542
00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:38,699
BUT WHEN THEY COME BACKA WEEK LATER,
但是当他们回来一周之后，


543
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:40,800
THEY'RE STARTINGTO REMEMBER MORE.
他们开始想起更多。


544
00:34:40,900 --> 00:34:45,300
MAYBE THEY'LL TALK ABOUT THEOLDER WOMAN WHO RESCUED THEM.
也许他们会同挽救他们的年长妇女谈一谈。


545
00:34:45,400 --> 00:34:48,266
"I THINK I HEARD MY NAMEOVER A LOUDSPEAKER."
“我想我听到了扬声器的名字。”


546
00:34:48,366 --> 00:34:50,266
EAGLEMAN: OVER TIME,
EAGLEMAN：随着时间的流逝，


547
00:34:50,366 --> 00:34:54,866
MORE AND MORE DETAIL CREPTINTO THEIR FALSE MEMORY.
越来越多的细节隐瞒了他们的虚假记忆。


548
00:34:54,966 --> 00:34:58,166
THE OLD LADY WAS WEARINGTHIS CRAZY HAT.
老太太戴着这顶疯狂的帽子。


549
00:34:58,266 --> 00:35:00,533
"I HAD MY FAVORITE TOY."
“我有自己喜欢的玩具。”


550
00:35:00,633 --> 00:35:03,466
"MY MOM WAS SO MAD."
“我的妈妈很疯狂。”


551
00:35:03,566 --> 00:35:06,300
THE INVENTION OF THESENEW DETAILS THAT GO WAY BEYOND
这些新细节的发明


552
00:35:06,400 --> 00:35:08,066
ANYTHING WEPRESENTED TO THEM
所需要的任何东西


553
00:35:08,166 --> 00:35:09,666
AS COMINGFROM THEIR MOTHER
作为母亲


554
00:35:09,766 --> 00:35:12,133
WERE PRETTY IMPRESSIVE TO US.
漂亮对我们印象深刻。


555
00:35:12,233 --> 00:35:15,866
EAGLEMAN: LOFTUS HAD DISCOVEREDTHAT NOT ONLY IS IT POSSIBLE
EAGLEMAN：LOFTUS已被发现，不仅可能


556
00:35:15,966 --> 00:35:19,700
TO IMPLANT ENTIRELY NEWMEMORIES IN THE BRAIN,
要在脑中植入全新的记忆，


557
00:35:19,800 --> 00:35:23,100
WE NATURALLY EMBRACEAND EMBELLISH THEM...
我们自然地拥抱和装饰他们...


558
00:35:23,200 --> 00:35:28,200
UNKNOWINGLY WEAVING FANTASY INTOTHE VERY FABRIC OF WHO WE ARE.
毫不知情地将幻想编织到了我们所居住的面料中。


559
00:35:30,633 --> 00:35:35,100
AND WE'RE ALL SUSCEPTIBLE,EVEN LOFTUS HERSELF.
而且我们都很容易，甚至是LOFTUS女士。


560
00:35:37,666 --> 00:35:41,200
LOFTUS: MY MOTHER HAD DROWNEDWHEN I WAS 14.
LOFTUS：我14岁时，我的母亲已经昏昏欲睡。


561
00:35:45,066 --> 00:35:49,266
AND YEARS LATER,I HAD GONE TOA BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION,
后来的几年，我去参加生日庆祝会，


562
00:35:49,366 --> 00:35:55,566
AND ONE OF MY OTHER RELATIVESSTARTED TO TALK ABOUT MY MOTHER.
和我的其他一位亲戚开始谈论我的母亲。


563
00:35:55,666 --> 00:35:59,100
AND THIS RELATIVESTARTED TO TELL ME THAT
并且这个相对开始告诉我


564
00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:00,466
I WAS THE ONE THAT FOUND
我是找到的那个


565
00:36:00,566 --> 00:36:02,566
MY MOTHER'S BODYIN THE SWIMMING POOL.
我母亲在游泳池里的身体。


566
00:36:02,666 --> 00:36:04,533
AND HE WASSO CONVINCING THAT
和他瓦索说服


567
00:36:04,633 --> 00:36:06,000
I WENT HOMEFROM THAT BIRTHDAY
我那天那天去了家


568
00:36:06,100 --> 00:36:09,233
AND I STARTED TO THINK,MAYBE I DID.
然后我开始思考，我很想。


569
00:36:12,166 --> 00:36:14,333
I STARTED TO THINK ABOUT OTHERTHINGS THAT I DID REMEMBER,
我开始思考我记得的其他事情，


570
00:36:14,433 --> 00:36:17,066
LIKE WHEN THE FIREMEN CAME,THEY GAVE ME OXYGEN,
就像消防员来了一样，给了我氧气


571
00:36:17,166 --> 00:36:19,400
MAYBE I NEEDED THE OXYGEN'CAUSE I WAS
也许我需要氧气的原因


572
00:36:19,500 --> 00:36:22,133
SO UPSET THAT I FOUND THE BODY,
所以说我找到了身体


573
00:36:22,233 --> 00:36:27,100
AND I COULD ALMOST VISUALIZEMY MOTHER IN THE SWIMMING POOL.
而且我几乎可以在游泳池里看到母亲。


574
00:36:29,100 --> 00:36:31,500
EAGLEMAN: BUT THEN SOMETHINGHAPPENED THAT WOULD MAKE LOFTUS
EAGLEMAN：但随后发生的事情会使LOFTUS感到困惑


575
00:36:31,600 --> 00:36:34,766
REALIZE HER MEMORYHAD BEEN TRICKED.
实现她的记忆被欺骗。


576
00:36:36,566 --> 00:36:38,600
LOFTUS: THE RELATIVE CALLEDAND SAID, "I MADE A MISTAKE,
LOFTUS：相对的Calledand说，“我犯了一个错误，


577
00:36:38,700 --> 00:36:42,666
IT WASN'T YOU, IT WAS THE AUNT,WHO FOUND THE BODY."
是不是您，是那个人，谁找到了身体？”


578
00:36:42,766 --> 00:36:45,966
AND SO I THOUGHT, BOY, THAT'S...THAT'S WHAT IT FEELS LIKE, WHEN
所以我想，男孩，那...那感觉就像什么时候


579
00:36:46,066 --> 00:36:51,733
YOU'RE ON YOUR WAY TO DEVELOPINGSUCH A RICH FALSE MEMORY.
您正在路上发展丰富的虚假记忆。


580
00:36:55,566 --> 00:36:58,533
EAGLEMAN: OUR PAST IS NOTA FAITHFUL RECORD.
埃格勒曼：我们的过去不是最好的记录。


581
00:36:58,633 --> 00:37:00,933
INSTEAD, IT'S A RECONSTRUCTION.
代替，这是一种重构。


582
00:37:01,033 --> 00:37:03,166
IN PART, IT'S A MYTHOLOGY.
在某种程度上，这是一种神话。


583
00:37:03,266 --> 00:37:06,066
SO WHAT DOES THIS MEANFOR WHO WE ARE?
那么，这对我们意味着什么？


584
00:37:06,166 --> 00:37:08,300
WELL, THINK ABOUTYOUR LIFE MEMORIES.
好吧，想想你的生活。


585
00:37:08,400 --> 00:37:10,400
NOT ALL THE DETAILSARE ACCURATE.
并非所有的细节都是准确的。


586
00:37:10,500 --> 00:37:13,533
SOME CAME FROM THINGS THATPEOPLE TOLD YOU ABOUT YOURSELF;
有人告诉您自己的一些事情；


587
00:37:13,633 --> 00:37:15,400
OTHER DETAILS WERE FILLED IN BY
其他详细信息已填写


588
00:37:15,500 --> 00:37:17,733
WHAT YOU THINKMUST HAVE HAPPENED.
您认为必须发生的事情。


589
00:37:17,833 --> 00:37:19,266
BUT THAT'S OK.
没关系。


590
00:37:19,366 --> 00:37:23,233
IT'S ALL PART OF THE EVOLVINGSTORY THAT IS YOU.
这就是进化的全部内容。


591
00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:32,133
SO WHY DO WE HAVE MEMORIESTHAT ARE SO UNRELIABLE?
为什么我们有这样的记忆力？


592
00:37:33,633 --> 00:37:35,300
WELL, AS STRANGE AS IT SOUNDS,
嗯，就像它的声音一样，


593
00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:39,100
MEMORY ISN'T JUST USEDFOR RECORDING OUR PAST.
记忆并非仅用于记录我们的过去。


594
00:37:42,800 --> 00:37:45,833
IT ALSO SERVES ANOTHERIMPORTANT FUNCTION.
它还具有其他重要功能。


595
00:37:47,866 --> 00:37:51,366
THAT FUNCTION WOULD BE REVEALEDBY A SINGULAR CASE
该功能将通过单个外壳显示


596
00:37:51,466 --> 00:37:54,500
THAT REVOLUTIONIZEDNEUROSCIENCE.
革新了神经科学。


597
00:38:02,266 --> 00:38:05,733
WOMAN: HOW LONG HAVE YOUHAD TROUBLE REMEMBERING THINGS?
女人：问题记忆多久了？


598
00:38:05,833 --> 00:38:09,200
MAN: I DON'T KNOW MYSELF.I CAN'T TELL YOU
男人：我不知道我自己，我不能告诉你


599
00:38:09,300 --> 00:38:11,133
BECAUSE I DON'T REMEMBER.
因为我不记得。


600
00:38:11,233 --> 00:38:12,933
WOMAN: BUT DO YOU THINKIT'S BEEN MORE THAN A YEAR
女人：但是您认为它已经超过一年了


601
00:38:13,033 --> 00:38:14,666
THAT YOU'VE HAD THIS PROBLEM?
您有这个问题吗？


602
00:38:14,766 --> 00:38:18,500
MAN: I THINKABOUT THAT 'CAUSE, UH,
男人：我想是因为，呃，


603
00:38:18,600 --> 00:38:23,466
THIS IS JUST A THOUGHT THATI'M HAVING MYSELF THAT, UH...
这只是自以为是的想法，呃...


604
00:38:23,566 --> 00:38:27,066
I POSSIBLY HAVE HADAN OPERATION OR SOMETHING.
我可能有哈丹操作或类似的东西。


605
00:38:27,166 --> 00:38:31,466
EAGLEMAN: HENRY MOLAISONWAS BORN IN 1926.
EAGLEMAN：亨利·莫莱森（Henry MOLAISON）于1926年出生。


606
00:38:31,566 --> 00:38:34,433
HIS EARLY LIFE WAS LIKEANY OTHER YOUNG BOY'S,
他的早期生活就像其他年轻男孩一样，


607
00:38:34,533 --> 00:38:36,900
UNTIL HIS 10th BIRTHDAY,WHEN HE SUFFERED
直到他第十天生日


608
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:39,566
HIS FIRST EPILEPTIC SEIZURE.
他的第一癫痫发作。


609
00:38:39,666 --> 00:38:42,866
BY 16, HIS EPILEPSYHAD WORSENED,
到了16岁，他的癫痫病就已经恶化了，


610
00:38:42,966 --> 00:38:47,633
AND BY 27, HE COULD NO LONGERFUNCTION NORMALLY.
到27岁时，他通常无法使用LON功能。


611
00:38:47,733 --> 00:38:51,566
THESE MAJOR SEIZURESINCREASED IN FREQUENCY,
这些主要的频率增加


612
00:38:51,666 --> 00:38:55,700
UP TO THE POINT WHERE HIS LIFEWAS PRETTY MUCH ON HOLD.
一直保持到极致的地步。


613
00:38:57,100 --> 00:39:00,000
EAGLEMAN: HIS DOCTORS PROPOSEDAN EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY
EAGLEMAN：他的医生建议进行实验手术


614
00:39:00,166 --> 00:39:02,133
THAT WOULD REMOVETHE HIPPOCAMPUS
将删除海马


615
00:39:02,233 --> 00:39:04,800
ON BOTH SIDES OF HENRY'S BRAIN,
在亨利的两边，


616
00:39:04,900 --> 00:39:09,133
LEAVING TWO YAWNINGBLACK HOLES.
保留两个YAWNINGBLACK孔。


617
00:39:09,233 --> 00:39:12,666
CORKIN: THE OPERATION PROCEEDEDWITHOUT INCIDENT,
CORKIN：无需任何操作即可进行操作，


618
00:39:12,766 --> 00:39:15,400
AND WITHIN A FEW DAYS,HE RECOVERED.
在几天之内，他康复了。


619
00:39:17,700 --> 00:39:20,433
EAGLEMAN: HENRY'S EPILEPSYWAS CURED.
EAGLEMAN：HENRY的癫痫病已被征召。


620
00:39:20,533 --> 00:39:22,433
THAT WAS WHEN THEY REALIZED
当它们实现时


621
00:39:22,533 --> 00:39:24,766
THAT HE COULDN'TREMEMBER ANYTHING.
他无法记住任何事情。


622
00:39:26,333 --> 00:39:29,533
EAGLEMAN: FOR THE REMAINING55 YEARS OF HIS LIFE,
EAGLEMAN：在他生命的55年中，


623
00:39:29,633 --> 00:39:34,566
HE NEVER FORMED A SINGLENEW LONG-TERM MEMORY.
他从未组建过一次新的长期记忆。


624
00:39:41,300 --> 00:39:43,733
AND THERE WAS SOMETHING MORE.
而且还有更多。


625
00:39:45,300 --> 00:39:47,733
CORKIN: WHAT DO YOU THINKYOU'LL DO TOMORROW?
柯金：您认为自己明天会做什么？


626
00:39:50,566 --> 00:39:54,400
MOLAISON: WHATEVER'SBENEFICIAL.
MOLAISON：尽善尽美。


627
00:39:54,500 --> 00:39:57,133
YOU MIGHT THINK WHENYOU SAID... SAY TO HIM,
您说的时候可能会想...对他说，


628
00:39:57,233 --> 00:39:59,073
"WHAT... WHAT DO YOU THINKYOU'LL DO TOMORROW?"
“什么...你想明天做什么？”


629
00:39:59,166 --> 00:40:02,133
HE MIGHT SAY, "WELL, YOU KNOW,I'LL GET UP, UM, AS USUAL
他可能会说：“好吧，您知道，我会照常起床，嗯。


630
00:40:02,233 --> 00:40:05,533
AND, UM, GET DRESSED AND SHAVEAND HAVE BREAKFAST,"
而且，嗯，着装和剃须早餐，”


631
00:40:05,633 --> 00:40:07,566
BUT HE DIDN'T EVENCOME UP WITH THAT.
但是他没能做到这一点。


632
00:40:07,666 --> 00:40:12,400
IT WAS LIKE HE WAS ABSOLUTELYSTUCK IN THE PRESENT MOMENT.
就像他在当下绝对卡住了一样。


633
00:40:13,633 --> 00:40:15,700
EAGLEMAN: HENRY MOLAISON'SMISFORTUNE
EAGLEMAN：亨利·莫莱森的不幸


634
00:40:15,800 --> 00:40:17,433
HAD REVEALEDSOMETHING PROFOUND.
已经出现了一些问题。


635
00:40:19,466 --> 00:40:23,733
THE BRAIN AREAS THAT UNDERLINEMEMORY ARE THE SAME AS THOSE
下划线记忆相同的大脑区域


636
00:40:23,833 --> 00:40:27,866
THAT ARE USED TO SIMULATEWHAT'S COMING NEXT.
用于模拟接下来发生的事情。


637
00:40:27,966 --> 00:40:33,633
BOTH THE PAST AND THE FUTUREARE CREATIONS IN THE BRAIN.
过去和未来的创造都在大脑中。


638
00:40:33,733 --> 00:40:36,633
WHO WE ARE AT ANY MOMENT IN TIME
我们及时在任何时刻


639
00:40:36,733 --> 00:40:39,666
IS AN ONGOING NARRATIVE.
是一个持续的叙事。


640
00:40:43,533 --> 00:40:46,433
AS WE LIVE LONGERTHAN EVER BEFORE,
因为我们比以往任何时候都长寿，


641
00:40:46,533 --> 00:40:50,333
THIS PRESENTS REAL PROBLEMSFOR BRAIN HEALTH.
这提出了大脑健康的实际问题。


642
00:40:50,433 --> 00:40:52,933
DISEASES LIKE ALZHEIMER'SAND PARKINSON'S
像老年痴呆症和帕金森病一样的疾病


643
00:40:53,033 --> 00:40:54,933
ATTACK OUR BRAIN TISSUE
攻击我们的脑组织


644
00:40:55,033 --> 00:40:57,966
AND WITH IT, WHO WE ARE.
有了它，我们就是谁。


645
00:40:59,466 --> 00:41:02,400
BUT IN THE SAME WAY THATYOUR ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR
但要以同样的方式来改变您的环境和行为


646
00:41:02,500 --> 00:41:05,033
SHAPE YOUR BRAINWHEN YOU'RE YOUNGER,
塑造大脑时，


647
00:41:05,133 --> 00:41:08,633
THEY'RE JUST AS IMPORTANTIN YOUR LATER YEARS.
它们只是您最近几年中的重要事项。


648
00:41:13,300 --> 00:41:14,266
EAGLEMAN: IF YOUDON'T MIND ME ASKING,
EAGLEMAN：如果您不介意我，


649
00:41:14,366 --> 00:41:15,533
HOW OLD ARE YOUTHIS YEAR?
您今年几岁？


650
00:41:15,633 --> 00:41:17,333
OH, I'M JUST 94.
哦，我才94岁。


651
00:41:17,433 --> 00:41:20,600
OK. FOR HOW LONGHAVE YOU BEEN HERE?
好。


652
00:41:20,700 --> 00:41:23,000
WELL, I'VE BEEN IN THECONVENT OVER 70 YEARS.
好吧，我已经有70多年的历史了。


653
00:41:23,100 --> 00:41:26,433
DO PEOPLE LIVE UNTIL THEIR 100s?
人们会一直活到100岁吗？


654
00:41:26,533 --> 00:41:29,666
WE HAD ONE I KNOWTHAT WENT OVER 100.
我知道有一个超过100个。


655
00:41:29,766 --> 00:41:32,333
HOW WAS SHE DOINGCOGNITIVELY, AT THAT AGE?
她在那个年龄段的表现如何？


656
00:41:32,433 --> 00:41:34,266
SHE WAS VERY SMART.
她非常聪明。


657
00:41:34,366 --> 00:41:35,433
SHE WAS VERY SMART. OK.
她非常聪明。


658
00:41:35,533 --> 00:41:37,600
SHE SURE WAS, AND SHEDIDN'T MISS ANYTHING.
她肯定有，但没有遗漏任何东西。


659
00:41:37,700 --> 00:41:40,600
HA HA! QUITE ALERT!
哈哈！


660
00:41:40,700 --> 00:41:44,066
EAGLEMAN: ACROSS THE U.S.,MORE THAN 1,200
EAGLEMAN：在美国各地，超过1200个


661
00:41:44,166 --> 00:41:47,233
NUNS, PRIESTS, AND BROTHERSHAVE BEEN TAKING PART
修女，公主和兄弟


662
00:41:47,333 --> 00:41:49,733
IN A UNIQUE RESEARCH STUDY
在独特的研究中


663
00:41:49,833 --> 00:41:54,233
EXPLORING THE EFFECTSOF AGING ON THE BRAIN.
探索衰老对大脑的影响。


664
00:41:54,333 --> 00:41:56,333
WOMAN: THEY REALLYFIGURED THE SISTERS
女人：他们真正地塑造了姐妹们


665
00:41:56,433 --> 00:41:59,200
ARE A GOOD STUDY GROUP BECAUSEWE'RE KIND OF STABLE.
是一个很好的研究小组，因为我们很稳定。


666
00:41:59,300 --> 00:42:01,300
YOU KNOW WHERE TO FIND US.
您知道在哪里可以找到我们。


667
00:42:02,900 --> 00:42:05,600
EAGLEMAN: EACH YEAR, THEPARTICIPANTS HAVE TO PROVIDE
EAGLEMAN：每年，参与者必须提供


668
00:42:05,700 --> 00:42:09,333
DETAILED RECORDS OFHOW THEY SPEND THEIR TIME.
他们花费时间的详细记录。


669
00:42:09,433 --> 00:42:12,433
THEY ALSO COMMIT TO EXTENSIVEPHYSICAL, GENETIC,
他们还致力于广泛的物理，遗传学，


670
00:42:12,533 --> 00:42:16,233
AND COGNITIVE TESTS,AND IT DOESN'T END THERE.
和认知测试，而且还没有结束。


671
00:42:17,900 --> 00:42:20,966
WOMAN: WHEN I FIRST HEARDABOUT THE STUDY, I SAID... WELL,
女人：当我第一次听说这项研究时，我说...好吧，


672
00:42:21,066 --> 00:42:24,366
EVEN AFTER I DIE... HA HA!...
即使我死了...哈哈！...


673
00:42:24,466 --> 00:42:27,600
WHATEVER I'M CONTRIBUTINGCAN STILL GO ON.
我所做的一切仍然可以继续。


674
00:42:27,700 --> 00:42:30,666
EAGLEMAN: AFTER THEY DIE,ALL THE PARTICIPANTS
EAGLEMAN：他们死后，所有参与者


675
00:42:30,766 --> 00:42:33,500
WILL GIVE UP... THEIR BRAINS.
会放弃...他们的大脑。


676
00:42:36,666 --> 00:42:41,233
MY STAFF IN CHICAGO IS ON CALL24 HOURS A DAY, 7 DAYS A WEEK.
我在芝加哥的工作人员每天24小时，一周7天打电话。


677
00:42:41,333 --> 00:42:44,600
WHEN SOMEONE DIES IN NEW YORK,THEY CALL US.
当有人在纽约死亡时，他们会打电话给我们。


678
00:42:44,700 --> 00:42:48,400
EAGLEMAN: THE RESEARCHERSCAREFULLY EXAMINE THE BRAINS
EAGLEMAN：研究人员仔细检查大脑


679
00:42:48,500 --> 00:42:51,000
FOR THE TELL-TALEMICROSCOPIC EVIDENCE
讲故事的显微镜证据


680
00:42:51,100 --> 00:42:54,066
OF AGE-RELATED BRAIN DISEASE.
与年龄有关的脑疾病。


681
00:42:56,666 --> 00:42:59,466
THEY'RE LOOKING TO ESTABLISHLINKS BETWEEN
他们正在寻找建立之间的链接


682
00:42:59,566 --> 00:43:03,166
BRAIN DEGENERATIONAND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE.
脑退化和认知表现。


683
00:43:03,266 --> 00:43:08,233
BUT THE FIRST SET OF RESULTSWAS ENTIRELY UNEXPECTED.
但是完全没有第一套结果。


684
00:43:09,466 --> 00:43:11,900
BENNETT: WHEN WE FIRSTSTARTED PUBLISHING IT,
贝内特：当我们首先发布它时，


685
00:43:12,000 --> 00:43:14,333
A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE SURPRISED.
有人怀疑。


686
00:43:14,433 --> 00:43:16,733
EAGLEMAN: IT TURNED OUTTHAT NEARLY A THIRD
EAGLEMAN：几乎变成了第三位


687
00:43:16,833 --> 00:43:20,266
OF THE BRAINS TESTED HADCHARACTERISTIC SIGNS OF
的大脑测试的特征标志


688
00:43:20,366 --> 00:43:23,266
FULL-BLOWN ALZHEIMER'S.
满满的Alzheimer's。


689
00:43:23,366 --> 00:43:30,066
ALL: ♪ WHEN I FALLON MY KNEES... ♪
全部：♪当我摔倒我的膝盖时...♪


690
00:43:30,166 --> 00:43:32,566
EAGLEMAN: BUT THE COGNITIVETESTS REVEALED THAT
EAGLEMAN：但认知度已显露出来


691
00:43:32,666 --> 00:43:35,566
THE BRAIN OWNERSHAD SHOWN NO SYMPTOMS
脑所有者没有出现任何症状


692
00:43:35,666 --> 00:43:37,966
OF THIS TERRIBLE DISEASE.
这个可怕的疾病。


693
00:43:38,066 --> 00:43:42,266
THEIR BRAINS WERE SICK,YET THEY REMAINED UNAFFECTED.
他们的脑部病了，但仍未受影响。


694
00:43:43,833 --> 00:43:45,166
IT DIDN'T MAKE SENSE.
它没有意义。


695
00:43:45,266 --> 00:43:47,200
WHAT HAD HAPPENED?
发生了什么事？


696
00:43:49,833 --> 00:43:52,066
I HAVE A GAME ON MY SMARTPHONE...
我在智能手机上玩游戏...


697
00:43:52,166 --> 00:43:55,133
RUZZLE. HA HA HA!
RUZZLE。


698
00:43:55,233 --> 00:43:56,633
WOMAN: AND SOME OFOUR SISTERS
女人：和我们的一些姐妹


699
00:43:56,733 --> 00:44:01,166
HAVE BEEN INVOLVED INTEACHING, NURSING...
参与过教学，护理...


700
00:44:01,266 --> 00:44:03,433
EAGLEMAN: HAVINGRESPONSIBILITIES,
EAGLEMAN：有责任，


701
00:44:03,533 --> 00:44:07,333
LEARNING NEW SKILLS,KEEPING THE BRAIN ACTIVE.
学习新技能，保持大脑活跃。


702
00:44:07,433 --> 00:44:09,066
THIS WAS PROTECTING THE NUNS
这正保护着修女


703
00:44:09,166 --> 00:44:12,833
FROM THE COGNITIVE SYMPTOMSOF THE DISEASE.
来自疾病的认知症状。


704
00:44:12,933 --> 00:44:15,866
WOMAN: I AM INTERESTEDVERY MUCH IN SCIENCE.
女人：我对科学非常感兴趣。


705
00:44:15,966 --> 00:44:17,866
I LOVE SCRABBLE.
我喜欢拼字游戏。


706
00:44:17,966 --> 00:44:20,300
I DRIVE THE SISTERSTO THE DOCTORS.
我开车送医生们去。


707
00:44:22,100 --> 00:44:24,500
MASS EVERY DAY,AND IF I DIDN'T
每天都有，如果我不愿意


708
00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:27,466
HAVE THAT, I'D BECOMPLETELY NUTS.
知道了，我会很坚果。


709
00:44:27,566 --> 00:44:30,600
EAGLEMAN: EVEN AS PARTS OFTHE BRAIN TISSUE DEGENERATE,
EAGLEMAN：即使是脑组织再生的一部分，


710
00:44:30,700 --> 00:44:32,800
MENTAL AND PHYSICALACTIVITY CAN BUILD
可以建立心理和体育活动


711
00:44:32,900 --> 00:44:36,133
NEW PATHWAYS FORSOLVING PROBLEMS.
解决问题的新途径。


712
00:44:37,566 --> 00:44:41,000
THIS IS CALLED"COGNITIVE RESERVE."
这被称为“认知储备”。


713
00:44:45,833 --> 00:44:48,833
THINK OF THE BRAINLIKE A TOOL BOX.
想着工具箱的想法。


714
00:44:48,933 --> 00:44:51,233
IF IT'S A GOOD TOOL BOX, YOUHAVE ALL THE TOOLS YOU NEED,
如果这是一个好的工具箱，那么您拥有所需的所有工具，


715
00:44:51,333 --> 00:44:55,266
SO I MIGHT CHOOSE A RATCHETTO DISENGAGE THIS BOLT HERE.
因此，我可能会在这里选择一个棘轮式分离机。


716
00:44:55,366 --> 00:44:58,166
BUT WHAT IF I DIDN'T HAVEACCESS TO THIS RATCHET?
但是如果我没有找到这个棘手，该怎么办？


717
00:44:58,266 --> 00:45:00,100
I MIGHT BE ABLE TO FINDSOMETHING ELSE,
我可能还能找到其他东西，


718
00:45:00,200 --> 00:45:02,533
LIKE THIS WRENCHWOULD DO THE TRICK.
像这个扳手一样可以做把戏。


719
00:45:02,633 --> 00:45:05,766
AND IF I DIDN'T HAVE THE WRENCH,I COULD FIND SOMETHING ELSE,
如果我没有扳手，还能找到其他东西，


720
00:45:05,866 --> 00:45:08,366
LIKE THIS ADJUSTABLE WRENCH.
像这个可调扳手。


721
00:45:08,466 --> 00:45:12,866
AND IT'S THE SAME IDEA IN ANACTIVE, COGNITIVELY FIT BRAIN.
而这是一个适应性强，认知能力强的大脑的相同想法。


722
00:45:12,966 --> 00:45:16,033
EVEN AS PARTS OFTHE BRAIN DEGENERATE,
即使是脑退化的一部分，


723
00:45:16,133 --> 00:45:19,066
THE BRAIN CAN FINDOTHER SOLUTIONS.
脑可以找到其他解决方案。


724
00:45:21,466 --> 00:45:24,066
BY MAKING SUREOUR MENTAL TOOL BOX
通过确保心理工具箱


725
00:45:24,166 --> 00:45:27,166
IS EQUIPPED WITH A VARIETYOF WORKING TOOLS,
配备了多种工作工具，


726
00:45:27,266 --> 00:45:31,666
WE MAY BE ABLE TO SLOW DOWNTHE EFFECTS OF OUR AGING BRAINS
我们可能可以减慢我们的老龄化大脑的影响


727
00:45:31,766 --> 00:45:35,433
AND HOLD ON TO WHO WE AREFOR AS LONG AS POSSIBLE.
并尽可能坚持下去。


728
00:45:37,700 --> 00:45:42,466
BUT WHO WE ARE IS MORE THAN JUSTTHE TASKS WE CAN ACCOMPLISH.
但是，我们所能完成的不仅仅是任务。


729
00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:46,433
THERE'S SOMETHING ELSE...SOMETHING THAT'S PERHAPS
还有其他...一些东西


730
00:45:46,533 --> 00:45:50,600
THE GREATEST MYSTERYABOUT HOW THE BRAIN WORKS.
关于大脑如何运作的最大谜团。


731
00:45:50,700 --> 00:45:54,600
IT'S THE SENSE OF "I," OF "ME."
这是“我”，“我”的感觉。


732
00:45:57,333 --> 00:45:59,233
I AM A CONSCIOUS BEING.
我是一个自觉的人。


733
00:45:59,333 --> 00:46:01,300
WHEN I THINK ABOUT WHO I AM,
当我想起我是谁时，


734
00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:03,300
IT'S TAKING PLACEINSIDE THIS HEAD,
正要放在这头上，


735
00:46:03,400 --> 00:46:06,833
THROUGH THESE EYES, FROM THISPARTICULAR POINT OF VIEW.
通过这些眼睛，从关节的角度来看。


736
00:46:09,166 --> 00:46:12,633
CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE ISAT ONCE THE MOST FAMILIAR
具备最丰富的ISAT经验


737
00:46:12,733 --> 00:46:17,033
AND THE MOST PERPLEXINGASPECT OF OUR IDENTITY.
以及我们身份的最复杂的方面。


738
00:46:19,966 --> 00:46:22,700
HOW DOES THE PHYSICALSTUFF OF THE BRAIN
脑部的身体状况如何


739
00:46:22,800 --> 00:46:27,133
EQUAL THE MENTAL EXPERIENCEOF BEING A CONSCIOUS HUMAN?
等同于成为一个有意识的人类的心理体验？


740
00:46:29,333 --> 00:46:32,500
HOW DO BILLIONSOF BRAIN CELLS PRODUCE
数十亿个脑细胞如何产生


741
00:46:32,600 --> 00:46:35,233
THE EXTRAORDINARY,UNIQUE FEELING
非凡的独特感觉


742
00:46:35,333 --> 00:46:38,933
OF BEING ALIVE, OF BEING ME?
是活着，是我？


743
00:46:40,333 --> 00:46:43,466
I'M MADE UP OF100 BILLION NEURONS.
我已经组成了1000亿个神经元。


744
00:46:43,566 --> 00:46:46,133
AND WHEN I DIE,THEY'LL STILL BE THERE.
当我死时，他们仍然会在那里。


745
00:46:46,233 --> 00:46:49,066
BUT I WON'T BE ME ANYMORE;I'LL BE DEAD.
但是我不会再成为我了；我会死的。


746
00:46:49,166 --> 00:46:51,933
SO THAT MEANS WHO I AMIS NOT ABOUT
所以我不介意


747
00:46:52,033 --> 00:46:53,766
THE EXISTENCE OF THE NEURONS.
神经元的存在。


748
00:46:53,866 --> 00:46:57,233
IT'S ABOUT WHAT THEY DOAND HOW THEY INTERACT.
这是关于它们的作用以及相互作用的方式。


749
00:46:57,333 --> 00:46:59,333
IMAGINE THAT THE NEURONSIN YOUR BRAIN
想象一下您大脑中的神经元


750
00:46:59,433 --> 00:47:02,166
ARE LIKE A COLLECTIONOF DRUMMERS.
就像一群小家伙一样。


751
00:47:02,266 --> 00:47:04,200
[PLAYING DRUMBEATS]
[播放残骸]


752
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:11,466
IF EACH DRUMMER PLAYSCOMPLETELY INDEPENDENTLY,
如果每个鼓手都独立播放，


753
00:47:11,566 --> 00:47:14,666
THE NOISE THAT EMERGESIS JUST THAT... NOISE.
刚刚出现的噪音...噪音。


754
00:47:19,066 --> 00:47:21,500
BUT IF THEY STARTLISTENING TO ONE ANOTHER,
但是，如果他们开始互相听话，


755
00:47:21,600 --> 00:47:23,700
SOMETHING MORE EMERGES.
更多的新兴事物。


756
00:47:29,533 --> 00:47:33,933
OUT OF CACOPHONY APPEARSA RHYTHM, A PERFORMANCE...
在CACOPHONY出现节奏的情况下，表现...


757
00:47:34,033 --> 00:47:37,300
A COMPLEX INTERACTION IN WHICHALL THE DRUMMERS ARE PLAYING
玩耍的人之间的复杂互动


758
00:47:37,400 --> 00:47:40,666
BOTH AS INDIVIDUALSAND AS SOMETHING GREATER.
无论是个人还是更大。


759
00:47:43,266 --> 00:47:47,300
AND IN THE SAME WAY, THIS IS HOWTHE EXPERIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
并且以同样的方式，这就是意识的体验


760
00:47:47,400 --> 00:47:50,466
ARISES IN THE BRAIN.
脑中的上升。


761
00:47:50,566 --> 00:47:54,766
BILLIONS OF INTERACTINGNEURONS WORK IN CONCERT...
数十亿个交互神经元正在秘密工作...


762
00:47:54,866 --> 00:47:57,066
AND UNDER THE RIGHTCIRCUMSTANCES,
在正确的情况下，


763
00:47:57,166 --> 00:47:59,333
THEY HIT A SWEET SPOT,
他们命中了甜蜜点


764
00:47:59,433 --> 00:48:03,433
THE PLACE WHERE THE SINGULAR,PRIVATE EXPERIENCE
独特，私人经历的地方


765
00:48:03,533 --> 00:48:06,500
OF BEING YOU EMERGES.
成为您的新兴事物。


766
00:48:10,400 --> 00:48:12,966
CONSCIOUSNESS ISA PERFORMANCE OUR BRAIN
注重ISA表现我们的大脑


767
00:48:13,066 --> 00:48:15,333
PUTS ON FOR USTHROUGHOUT OUR DAY.
在我们这一天为我们服务。


768
00:48:19,833 --> 00:48:22,666
BUT THERE COMES A TIME...IN FACT, ONCE A DAY...
但是有一天...实际上是一天一次...


769
00:48:22,766 --> 00:48:25,333
WHEN THE CHARACTER OFTHAT DRUMMING CHANGES
什么时候发生了变化


770
00:48:25,433 --> 00:48:27,700
AND IT TAKES ME WITH IT.
它带给我它。


771
00:48:27,800 --> 00:48:29,366
THE BEST WAY FOR METO SHOW YOU HOW
我向您展示的最佳方式


772
00:48:29,466 --> 00:48:31,233
IS FOR ME TO GO TO SLEEP...
是我睡觉的时候...


773
00:48:34,166 --> 00:48:36,200
WEARING THIS.
穿着这个。


774
00:48:38,400 --> 00:48:42,300
I'M WEARING ANELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAM, OR EEG.
我正在佩戴脑电图或脑电图。


775
00:48:42,400 --> 00:48:46,500
IT RECORDS MY BRAIN'S ACTIVITY,GIVING AN IDEA OF HOW MY NEURONS
它记录了我的大脑活动，为我的神经元提供了一个理想


776
00:48:46,600 --> 00:48:48,933
ARE INTERACTING WHILE I SLEEP.
我睡觉时正在互动。


777
00:48:53,333 --> 00:48:56,266
WHEN YOU GO TO SLEEP,YOUR BODY SEEMS TO SHUT DOWN,
当您睡觉时，您的身体会关闭，


778
00:48:56,366 --> 00:48:58,866
SO YOU MIGHT THINK THATTHE DRUM BEAT IN YOUR BRAIN
因此，您可能认为您的大脑中的鼓跳动


779
00:48:58,966 --> 00:49:00,966
WOULD DO THE SAME.
会做的一样。


780
00:49:04,533 --> 00:49:06,500
BUT THE REALITY ISQUITE DIFFERENT.
但是现实是不同的。


781
00:49:08,800 --> 00:49:10,500
SO AT THE BEGINNINGOF THE NIGHT,
所以在夜晚的开始，


782
00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:13,333
THIS IS MY BRAIN ACTIVITY:I WAS STILL AWAKE.
这是我的大脑活动：我还是醒着。


783
00:49:13,433 --> 00:49:16,400
BUT IF I GO A LITTLE BIT LATER,I HAVE ACTIVITY
但是，如果我稍稍过后，我就可以活动


784
00:49:16,500 --> 00:49:18,566
THAT LOOKS AS THOUGHI'M STILL AWAKE,
看起来我仍然醒着，


785
00:49:18,666 --> 00:49:21,600
BUT IN FACT I WASN'T;I WAS IN DREAM SLEEP HERE,
但实际上我不是；我在这里睡梦中，


786
00:49:21,700 --> 00:49:24,300
WHICH IS A FORMOF CONSCIOUSNESS,
这是一种意识形式


787
00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:26,466
FULL OF VISION AND SOUNDS
眼光与声音


788
00:49:26,566 --> 00:49:29,966
AND STRANGE SITUATIONSAND MAGNIFIED EMOTIONS.
和奇怪的情况，放大了情绪。


789
00:49:30,066 --> 00:49:33,300
IT'S ME, BUT A BIZARREFORM OF ME.
是我，但我的身份得到了改组。


790
00:49:33,400 --> 00:49:35,500
BUT THINGS GET STRANGER.
但是事情变得更奇怪了。


791
00:49:35,600 --> 00:49:39,966
AT THIS PART OF THE NIGHT,I'M IN DEEP SLEEP.
在夜晚的这一部分，我正沉睡。


792
00:49:40,066 --> 00:49:43,566
MY BRAIN IS STILL THERE,AND IT'S STILL ACTIVE,
我的大脑仍然在那里并且仍然活跃，


793
00:49:43,666 --> 00:49:45,500
BUT I AM GONE.
但是我走了。


794
00:49:48,733 --> 00:49:53,000
IN DEEP SLEEP, OUR NEURONSBECOME MORE SYNCHRONIZED.
在深度睡眠中，我们的神经元变得更加同步。


795
00:49:54,600 --> 00:49:59,033
IT'S IMPOSSIBLE FOR A COMPLEXRHYTHM TO EMERGE FROM THIS,
由此不可能出现复杂的节奏，


796
00:49:59,133 --> 00:50:01,466
WHICH MEANS,IN THIS BRAIN STATE,
在此大脑状态中，


797
00:50:01,566 --> 00:50:04,533
THERE'S NO HOPE OFCONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE.
没有期望的经验。


798
00:50:05,866 --> 00:50:08,866
NO IDENTITY, NO PERSONALITY,
没有身份，没有个性，


799
00:50:08,966 --> 00:50:10,900
NOTHING.
没有。


800
00:50:14,566 --> 00:50:17,966
I AM THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN MY NEURONS.
我是神经元之间的关系。


801
00:50:18,066 --> 00:50:21,233
CHANGE THEIR INTERACTION JUSTA LITTLE BIT AND I FIND MYSELF
改变互动一点点，我发现自己


802
00:50:21,333 --> 00:50:23,900
IN A DREAM WORLD,OR I DISAPPEAR.
在一个梦幻世界中，或者我消失了。


803
00:50:26,000 --> 00:50:28,100
OR I RETURN.
还是我回来。


804
00:50:28,200 --> 00:50:31,533
WHEN THE NEURONS FIND THEMSELVESBACK IN THEIR PROPER RHYTHM,
当神经元找到适合自己的节奏时，


805
00:50:31,633 --> 00:50:34,200
I MIRACULOUSLYCOME BACK ONLINE.
我奇迹般地回到了网上。


806
00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:40,366
CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE SENSEOF BEING "ME"
意识和成为“我”的感觉


807
00:50:40,466 --> 00:50:44,566
SOMEHOW EMERGES FROM THE COMPLEXRHYTHMS OF OUR NEURONS FIRING.
我们神经元放电的复杂节奏会产生一些。


808
00:50:50,833 --> 00:50:54,566
BUT WHY CONSCIOUSNESSEMERGES AT ALL
但是为什么意识全然浮现


809
00:50:54,666 --> 00:50:57,766
STILL REMAINS ONE OFTHE GREAT UNSOLVED MYSTERIES
仍然是未解之谜之一


810
00:50:57,866 --> 00:50:59,433
OF MODERN SCIENCE.
作者：


811
00:51:01,133 --> 00:51:03,933
AFTER I FINISHED GRADUATESCHOOL, I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY
完成研究生课程后，我就有了机会


812
00:51:04,033 --> 00:51:05,966
TO WORK WITH ONE OFMY SCIENTIFIC HEROES,
为了与我的科学英雄之一合作，


813
00:51:06,066 --> 00:51:08,266
FRANCIS CRICK,WHO HAD CO-DISCOVERED
谁共同发现了弗朗西斯·克里克（FRANCIS CRICK）


814
00:51:08,366 --> 00:51:10,933
THE STRUCTURE OF DNA.
DNA的结构。


815
00:51:11,033 --> 00:51:14,100
BY THE TIME I MET HIM,HE HAD TURNED HIS ATTENTION TO
在我遇见他的时候，他已经把注意力转向


816
00:51:14,200 --> 00:51:15,440
THE QUESTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS...
意识问题...


817
00:51:15,466 --> 00:51:18,300
WHY DOES IT FEEL LIKE ANYTHINGTO BE ALIVE.
为什么感觉像什么还活着。


818
00:51:18,400 --> 00:51:20,233
AND I REMEMBER WHENI WENT INTO HIS OFFICE
而且我谨记我要去他的办公室


819
00:51:20,333 --> 00:51:22,213
THAT HE HAD A LOT OF WRITINGON THE CHALKBOARD,
他在黑板上写了很多字，


820
00:51:22,266 --> 00:51:24,733
BUT THERE WAS ONE WORD THATWAS WRITTEN IN THE MIDDLE
但是中间只写了一个字


821
00:51:24,833 --> 00:51:26,566
AND IT WAS BIGGERTHAN THE REST.
而且它比其他地方还大。


822
00:51:26,666 --> 00:51:28,733
THAT WORD WAS "MEANING."
这个词是“含义”。


823
00:51:28,833 --> 00:51:30,266
YOU SEE, WE KNOW A LOT ABOUT
您看到了，我们知道很多


824
00:51:30,366 --> 00:51:33,266
THE MECHANICS OF NEURONS ANDNETWORKS AND BRAIN REGIONS,
神经，网络和大脑区域的力学，


825
00:51:33,366 --> 00:51:35,700
BUT WHAT WE DON'T KNOWABOUT THOSE SIGNALS
但是我们不知道这些信号是什么


826
00:51:35,800 --> 00:51:39,333
COURSING AROUND IN THE BRAIN ISWHY WE CARE ABOUT ANY OF THEM,
围绕大脑进行的搜索我们并不关心它们中的任何一个，


827
00:51:39,433 --> 00:51:41,500
WHY ANYTHING CARRIES MEANING.
为何要进行任何含义。


828
00:51:43,466 --> 00:51:46,266
HOW CAN THE PHYSICALCELLS IN MY BRAIN
我脑中的物理细胞如何


829
00:51:46,366 --> 00:51:49,300
CAUSE ME TO CAREABOUT ANYTHING?
让我关心任何事情吗？


830
00:51:49,400 --> 00:51:52,833
THE MEANING PROBLEMIS NOT YET SOLVED,
尚未解决的解决问题，


831
00:51:52,933 --> 00:51:54,900
BUT HERE'S WHATI THINK WE CAN SAY:
但是我们可以这样说：


832
00:51:55,000 --> 00:51:57,566
THE MEANING OF SOMETHINGTO YOU IS ALL ABOUT
对您而言意义重大


833
00:51:57,666 --> 00:52:00,133
YOUR WEB OF ASSOCIATIONS,BASED ON
您的协会网络，基于


834
00:52:00,233 --> 00:52:02,966
YOUR WHOLE HISTORYOF EXPERIENCES.
您的整个历史经验。


835
00:52:03,066 --> 00:52:05,500
JUST IMAGINE I WERE TO TAKEA PIECE OF CLOTH
试想一下，我要买一块衣服


836
00:52:05,600 --> 00:52:07,166
AND PUT SOMECOLORED PIGMENTS ON IT,
并在上面放上一些颜料


837
00:52:07,266 --> 00:52:09,700
AND THEN PUT THAT IN FRONTOF YOUR VISUAL SYSTEM.
然后将其放在您的视觉系统的前部。


838
00:52:09,800 --> 00:52:11,233
IS THAT LIKELYTO TRIGGER MEMORIES
就像触发记忆一样


839
00:52:11,333 --> 00:52:13,500
AND FIRE UP YOUR IMAGINATION?
激发您的想象力？


840
00:52:13,600 --> 00:52:17,566
WELL, PROBABLY NOT, BECAUSE IT'SJUST A PIECE OF CLOTH, RIGHT?
好吧，可能不是，因为那只是一块布，对吗？


841
00:52:21,633 --> 00:52:24,300
HERE IT IS... PIGMENTSARRANGED ON A CLOTH
这里是...颜料布放在布上


842
00:52:24,400 --> 00:52:26,766
IN THE PATTERN OFA NATIONAL FLAG.
在国家国旗的图案中。


843
00:52:31,233 --> 00:52:33,966
PRESUMABLY THIS TRIGGERSSOMETHING FOR YOU,
大概这是您的触发器，


844
00:52:34,066 --> 00:52:37,666
BUT THE MEANING IS UNIQUE TOYOUR HISTORY OF EXPERIENCES.
但是含义对您的经验历史是唯一的。


845
00:52:41,466 --> 00:52:45,366
WE DON'T PERCEIVE OBJECTSAS THEY ARE.
我们不认为它们是对象。


846
00:52:45,466 --> 00:52:48,266
WE PERCEIVE THEM AS WE ARE.
我们照原样感知他们。


847
00:52:51,533 --> 00:52:53,766
EACH OF US ISON OUR OWN TRAJECTORY...
我们每个人的自有轨迹...


848
00:52:53,866 --> 00:52:57,900
STEERED BY OUR GENES AND OUREXPERIENCES... AND AS A RESULT,
在我们的才华横溢和经验丰富的指导下，结果，


849
00:52:58,000 --> 00:53:01,466
EVERY BRAIN HAS A DIFFERENTNEURAL REALITY.
每个大脑都有不同的现实。


850
00:53:01,566 --> 00:53:05,266
BRAINS END UP BEINGAS UNIQUE AS SNOWFLAKES.
大脑使BEINGAS像雪花一样独特。


851
00:53:08,133 --> 00:53:11,533
YOUR STORY PLAYS OUTACROSS A LIFETIME.
您的故事在整个生命周期中发挥作用。


852
00:53:11,633 --> 00:53:13,733
TRILLIONS OF NEWCONNECTIONS ARE
数以千计的新连接


853
00:53:13,833 --> 00:53:16,733
CONTINUALLY FORMINGAND RE-FORMING
持续成型和重新成型


854
00:53:16,833 --> 00:53:19,966
AS WE LEARN AND CREATE MEMORIES
当我们学习和创造回忆时


855
00:53:20,066 --> 00:53:23,200
AND BECOME WHO WE ARE.
成为我们。


856
00:53:23,300 --> 00:53:26,866
THE UNIQUE CONNECTIONSIN YOUR BRAIN
大脑中的独特联系


857
00:53:26,966 --> 00:53:30,400
MEAN NO ONE LIKE YOUHAS EVER EXISTED...
从来没有像您这样的人...


858
00:53:32,966 --> 00:53:36,366
OR WILL EVER EXIST AGAIN.
或永远不会再存在。


859
00:53:36,466 --> 00:53:39,800
FOR ME, THE WONDEROF THE HUMAN BRAIN IS THAT
对我来说，人类的奇迹就是


860
00:53:39,900 --> 00:53:43,233
FROM A VAST NETWORKOF PHYSICAL PIECES AND PARTS,
从庞大的零件和零件网络中


861
00:53:43,333 --> 00:53:47,733
THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING YOUOR ME EMERGES.
成为我的经验。


862
00:53:47,833 --> 00:53:52,066
AND BECAUSE THE PHYSICAL STUFFIS CHANGING, WE ARE, TOO.
并且由于物理草皮的变化，我们也是如此。


863
00:53:52,166 --> 00:53:53,733
WE'RE NOT FIXED.
我们没有固定。


864
00:53:53,833 --> 00:53:58,833
FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE,WE ARE WORKS IN PROGRESS.
从摇篮到坟墓，我们都在不断进步。


865
00:54:08,833 --> 00:54:12,566
ANNOUNCER: "THE BRAINWITH DAVID EAGLEMAN"
播音员：“与大卫·埃格勒曼的大脑”


866
00:54:12,666 --> 00:54:14,933
DR. EAGLEMAN:Next time on "The Brain,"
博士


867
00:54:15,033 --> 00:54:18,000
I'm going to investigate theunexpected ways that your brain
我将研究您的大脑出乎意料的方式


868
00:54:18,100 --> 00:54:20,366
secretly controls everythingthat you do.
暗中控制您所做的一切。


869
00:54:20,466 --> 00:54:21,966
That was amazing.
那太精彩了。


870
00:54:22,066 --> 00:54:24,966
How it allowsgreat athletic achievement
如何实现伟大的运动成就


871
00:54:25,066 --> 00:54:29,366
and makes decisionswithout your awareness.
并在您不知情的情况下做出决定。


872
00:54:29,466 --> 00:54:32,966
This is the story of everythingthe brain does
这是大脑所做的一切的故事


873
00:54:33,066 --> 00:54:35,866
that remains hidden from us.
对我们来说仍然是隐藏的。


874
00:54:35,966 --> 00:54:40,500
It's the storyof who is really in control.
这是谁真正掌控一切的故事。


875
00:54:46,600 --> 00:54:48,600
"THE BRAIN WITHDAVID EAGLEMAN"
“与大卫·艾格曼的大脑”


876
00:54:48,700 --> 00:54:50,000
IS AVAILABLEON DVD.
在DVD上可用。


877
00:54:50,100 --> 00:54:51,500
THE COMPANIONBOOK IS
同伴书是


878
00:54:51,600 --> 00:54:52,900
ALSO AVAILABLE.
也提供。


879
00:54:53,000 --> 00:54:55,333
TO ORDER, VISITSHOPPBS.ORG
要订购，VISITSHOPPBS.ORG


880
00:54:55,433 --> 00:54:59,433
OR CALL1-800-PLAY-PBS.
或CALL1-800-PLAY-PBS。