1 00:00:05,966 --> 00:00:08,066 DAVID EAGLEMAN: WHO'S IN CONTROL OF WHAT YOU DO? 戴维·伊格莱曼：谁在控制您的工作？ 2 00:00:11,466 --> 00:00:12,666 THIS SOUNDS LIKE A SIMPLE QUESTION, 这个声音就像一个简单的问题， 3 00:00:12,766 --> 00:00:14,866 BUT THE FACTS MIGHT SURPRISE YOU. 但是事实可能会让您惊讶。 4 00:00:16,466 --> 00:00:20,433 ALMOST EVERY ACTION THAT YOU TAKE 您采取的几乎所有行动 5 00:00:20,533 --> 00:00:26,833 AND EVERY DECISION THAT YOU MAKE AND EVERY BELIEF THAT YOU HOLD, 以及您所做的每个决定和您所拥有的每个信念， 6 00:00:26,933 --> 00:00:29,166 THESE ARE DRIVEN BY PARTS OF YOUR BRAIN 这些是由您的大脑部分驱动的 7 00:00:29,266 --> 00:00:31,066 THAT YOU HAVE NO ACCESS TO. 您无权访问。 8 00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:36,000 WE CALL THIS HIDDEN WORLD THE UNCONSCIOUS. 我们将这个隐藏的世界称为无声的。 9 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:40,233 AND IT RUNS MUCH MORE OF YOUR LIFE 并让您的生活更加美好 10 00:00:40,333 --> 00:00:41,800 THAN YOU WOULD EVER IMAGINE. 比您拥有的想象力更高。 11 00:00:45,333 --> 00:00:47,500 IN THIS FILM, I'M GOING TO INVESTIGATE 在本电影中，我将进行调查 12 00:00:47,600 --> 00:00:50,966 THE WEIRD WAYS OUR BRAIN SECRETLY CONTROLS 我们大脑秘密控制的怪异方式 13 00:00:51,066 --> 00:00:52,266 EVERYTHING THAT WE DO. 我们所做的一切。 14 00:00:59,966 --> 00:01:01,233 THAT WAS AMAZING! 那太精彩了！ 15 00:01:03,733 --> 00:01:06,400 EAGLEMAN: HOW WITHOUT OUR AWARENESS, THE BRAIN CONTROLS EAGLEMAN：如何在没有意识的情况下控制大脑 16 00:01:06,500 --> 00:01:08,700 THE COMPLEX MACHINERY OF THE BODY... 身体的复杂机械... 17 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:14,533 AND MAKES DECISIONS WITHOUT OUR AWARENESS. 并做出我们的明智决定。 18 00:01:17,866 --> 00:01:21,366 THIS IS THE STORY OF EVERYTHING THE BRAIN DOES 这是脑力劳动的故事 19 00:01:21,466 --> 00:01:23,233 THAT REMAINS HIDDEN FROM US. 那是我们的隐身。 20 00:01:24,666 --> 00:01:28,433 IT IS THE STORY OF WHO'S REALLY IN CONTROL. 这是世卫组织真正掌控一切的故事。 21 00:02:09,733 --> 00:02:11,866 IT'S THE FIRST THING IN THE MORNING 这是早晨的第一件事 22 00:02:11,966 --> 00:02:14,466 AND THE STREETS HERE ARE ALMOST COMPLETELY SILENT. 而且这里的街道几乎完全安静。 23 00:02:14,566 --> 00:02:17,800 BUT ALL AROUND ME, ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE EVENTS 但我身边，最重要的事件之一 24 00:02:17,900 --> 00:02:20,800 IN THE UNIVERSE IS TAKING PLACE. 在宇宙中占有一席之地。 25 00:02:20,900 --> 00:02:24,600 IN ALL OF THESE HOUSES, ONE BY ONE, 在所有这些房屋中，一对一地 26 00:02:24,700 --> 00:02:28,833 HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS IS FLICKERING TO LIFE. 人的意识使生活更加脆弱。 27 00:02:28,933 --> 00:02:32,500 ONE OF THE MOST COMPLEX OBJECTS IN THE KNOWN UNIVERSE 众所周知的大学中最复杂的对象之一 28 00:02:32,600 --> 00:02:35,933 IS BECOMING AWARE THAT IT EXISTS. 正在意识到它的存在。 29 00:02:42,933 --> 00:02:44,866 [ALARM BEEPING] [警报音] 30 00:02:55,833 --> 00:02:58,700 THIS IS THE BIRTH OF YOU-- 这就是你的诞生 31 00:02:58,800 --> 00:03:02,200 AND THIS LITTLE MIRACLE HAPPENS EVERY DAY. 这个小奇迹每天都在发生。 32 00:03:02,300 --> 00:03:03,866 WAKING UP IS THE MOMENT WHEN 起床是当下的关键 33 00:03:03,966 --> 00:03:07,100 OUR CONSCIOUS BRAINS COME ONLINE. 我们的意识脑在线上。 34 00:03:07,200 --> 00:03:10,833 BUT IT'S ALSO THE BEGINNING OF A GREAT DECEPTION. 但是，这也是一个伟大的欺骗的开始。 35 00:03:16,333 --> 00:03:18,000 IT FEELS LIKE YOU ARE IN CHARGE 感觉就像您在掌控 36 00:03:18,100 --> 00:03:20,833 OF ALL THE DECISIONS YOU'RE ABOUT TO MAKE. 关于您做出的所有决定。 37 00:03:26,833 --> 00:03:29,333 LIKE YOU ARE RUNNING THE SHOW. 就像您正在运行该节目。 38 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:34,266 BUT IT'S NOT QUITE THAT SIMPLE. 但事实并非如此简单。 39 00:03:37,300 --> 00:03:41,266 TAKE A MOMENT TO THINK ABOUT WHAT IT IS TO BE CONSCIOUS... 想一想什么是有意义的... 40 00:03:43,366 --> 00:03:46,266 TO BE AWARE OF THE WORLD AROUND YOU... 警惕您周围的世界... 41 00:03:48,533 --> 00:03:52,233 THINKING ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO HAVE FOR BREAKFAST 关于早餐所需的思考 42 00:03:52,333 --> 00:03:54,266 OR WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO DO NEXT. 或接下来要做的事情。 43 00:03:57,166 --> 00:04:00,233 WHEN YOU'RE CONSCIOUSLY AWARE, IT FEELS LIKE THAT'S ALL THAT'S 当您有意识地学习时，就感觉这就是全部 44 00:04:00,333 --> 00:04:02,333 REALLY GOING ON INSIDE YOUR HEAD. 真正在您的脑海中前进。 45 00:04:03,766 --> 00:04:08,400 BUT HERE'S THE SURPRISE-- ALL OF THAT CONSCIOUS YOU 但是这就是惊奇-所有这些让您自觉 46 00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:12,333 MAKES UP THE SMALLEST BIT OF THE ACTIVITY IN YOUR BRAIN. 弥补您的大脑中最小的活动量。 47 00:04:14,533 --> 00:04:16,500 THE CONSCIOUS YOU THINKS IT'S 有意识的你认为 48 00:04:16,600 --> 00:04:20,933 THE CAPTAIN OF THE SHIP, BUT IN TRUTH, 船舶的船首，但实际上， 49 00:04:21,033 --> 00:04:23,833 IT'S NOTHING MORE THAN A STOWAWAY. 它不只是STOWAWAY。 50 00:04:29,400 --> 00:04:34,033 SO WHAT IS ALL THIS HIDDEN ACTIVITY INSIDE OUR HEADS? 那么，这些隐藏在我们脑海中的活动是什么？ 51 00:04:34,133 --> 00:04:36,800 A LARGE PART OF IT IS DEDICATED TO SOMETHING 它的很大一部分专用于某些事情 52 00:04:36,900 --> 00:04:40,700 THAT MOST OF US TAKE FOR GRANTED... 我们大多数人都希望获得... 53 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:42,266 OPERATING THE BODY. 操作身体。 54 00:04:44,133 --> 00:04:45,800 MOST OF THE ACTIONS WE MAKE, 我们采取的大部分行动， 55 00:04:45,900 --> 00:04:47,900 EVEN THOSE THAT SEEM INTENTIONAL, 即使是故意的， 56 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:50,766 ARE AUTOMATIC AND UNCONSCIOUS. 是自动的和无意识的。 57 00:04:52,766 --> 00:04:55,300 WE CAN SEE THIS VERY CLEARLY IN A SITUATION 我们可以很清楚地看到这种情况 58 00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:58,266 THAT DEMANDS A FAST RESPONSE. 需要快速响应。 59 00:04:59,933 --> 00:05:02,033 I'M ABOUT TO FACE A FASTBALL FROM MATT 我要面对来自MATT的快球 60 00:05:02,133 --> 00:05:03,733 OVER THERE ON THE MOUND. 在地上。 61 00:05:03,833 --> 00:05:05,033 IN ORDER FOR ME TO HIT THE BALL, 为了让我击球， 62 00:05:05,133 --> 00:05:07,200 THERE'S A VERY COMPLEX SERIES OF PROCESSES 有一系列非常复杂的过程 63 00:05:07,300 --> 00:05:09,000 THAT HAS TO HAPPEN IN MY BRAIN. 这在我的大脑中发生了。 64 00:05:09,100 --> 00:05:11,266 HE PITCHES AT 92 MILES AN HOUR, 他的时速为92英里， 65 00:05:11,366 --> 00:05:15,366 SO THAT DOESN'T GIVE ME VERY MUCH TIME TO HIT THE BALL. 这样就不会给我很多时间击打球。 66 00:05:15,466 --> 00:05:16,800 OK--READY! 准备好了！ 67 00:05:34,433 --> 00:05:36,633 THE BALL LEAVES THE MOUND 球留下金钱 68 00:05:36,733 --> 00:05:39,266 AND STARTS ON ITS WAY TO THE HOME PLATE. 并开始通往本垒板的道路。 69 00:05:42,833 --> 00:05:47,333 THIS JOURNEY OF 60 FEET, 6 INCHES WILL TAKE PLACE 这次60英尺的旅程，将增加6英寸的位置 70 00:05:47,433 --> 00:05:49,766 IN AROUND 4/10 OF A SECOND... 大约四分之一的时间... 71 00:05:57,833 --> 00:06:01,366 AND IN THAT TIME, THERE IS A HUGE AMOUNT FOR MY BRAIN TO DO. 并且在那个时候，我的大脑还有很多钱要做。 72 00:06:03,533 --> 00:06:06,500 THE LIGHT FROM THE BASEBALL NEEDS TO HIT MY EYE... 棒球的光需要打我的眼睛... 73 00:06:08,133 --> 00:06:11,433 WORK THROUGH THE MANY MILES OF CIRCUITRY IN MY BRAIN... 通过我脑中的许多电路工作... 74 00:06:16,400 --> 00:06:20,000 AND SEND SIGNALS TO MY MUSCLES TO SWING THE BAT. 并向我的肌肉发送信号以摇摆蝙蝠。 75 00:06:21,666 --> 00:06:25,333 THIS ENTIRE SEQUENCE UNFOLDS IN JUST A FRACTION OF A SECOND. 这整个序列只需要几分之一即可展开。 76 00:06:28,666 --> 00:06:31,000 BUT HERE'S THE SURPRISE. 但这里是惊奇。 77 00:06:31,100 --> 00:06:33,866 MY CONSCIOUS AWARENESS HASN'T YET HAD TIME 我的意识意识还没来得及 78 00:06:33,966 --> 00:06:35,866 TO REGISTER WHAT'S GOING ON. 注册正在发生的事情。 79 00:06:39,233 --> 00:06:42,333 I STRIKE THE BALL WITHOUT THINKING 我不加思索地击球 80 00:06:42,433 --> 00:06:46,000 AND ONLY BECOME AWARE OF WHAT'S HAPPENED AFTER THE EVENT. 并且仅会在事件发生后得知。 81 00:06:55,433 --> 00:06:57,633 BY THE TIME THE CONSCIOUS MIND GETS THE INFORMATION, 到了意识意识的时候， 82 00:06:57,733 --> 00:06:59,333 IT'S ALREADY OLD NEWS. 它已经是旧新闻了。 83 00:06:59,433 --> 00:07:02,466 AND THIS IS BECAUSE THE BALL SIMPLY TRAVELS TOO FAST FOR ME 这是因为球对我来说太简单了 84 00:07:02,566 --> 00:07:05,800 TO BE CONSCIOUSLY AWARE OF ITS POSITION. 请自觉注意其位置。 85 00:07:05,900 --> 00:07:07,600 AND THIS IS NOT JUST TRUE OF BASEBALL 而这并非棒球真相 86 00:07:07,700 --> 00:07:09,833 BUT IN ALL AREAS OF OUR LIFE. 但是要在我们生活的所有领域。 87 00:07:13,466 --> 00:07:15,600 EVERY DAY BEHIND THE SCENES, 在幕后的每一天， 88 00:07:15,700 --> 00:07:18,833 THE UNCONSCIOUS PARTS OF OUR BRAIN ARE HARD AT WORK 我们大脑中不协调的部分在工作中很困难 89 00:07:18,933 --> 00:07:23,300 HELPING US TO ACCOMPLISH EVEN THE MOST BASIC OF TASKS. 帮助我们完成最基本的任务。 90 00:07:23,400 --> 00:07:25,933 TAKE DRINKING A COFFEE. 喝咖啡。 91 00:07:26,033 --> 00:07:29,033 IT SEEMS INCREDIBLY SIMPLE, BUT UNDER THE HOOD, 它的服务简直让人难以置信， 92 00:07:29,133 --> 00:07:33,533 OUR BRAINS MUST UNCONSCIOUSLY COORDINATE AND MAKE SENSE OF 我们的大脑必须一致地协调和感知 93 00:07:33,633 --> 00:07:35,766 TRILLIONS OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES. 数以万计的电脉冲。 94 00:07:43,933 --> 00:07:46,466 AS I TOUCH THE CUP, MY NERVES TRANSMIT 当我触摸杯子时，我的神经在传送 95 00:07:46,566 --> 00:07:48,766 REAMS OF INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN 信息对大脑的影响 96 00:07:48,866 --> 00:07:52,166 AND THAT HELPS ME TO ESTIMATE ITS WEIGHT, 并帮助我估算了自己的体重， 97 00:07:52,266 --> 00:07:56,266 ITS POSITION IN SPACE, ITS TEMPERATURE. 它在空间中的位置，其温度。 98 00:07:58,266 --> 00:08:02,433 MY ABILITY TO CONTROL THE CUP RELIES ON ELECTRICAL IMPULSES 我有能力控制与电脉冲有关的杯子 99 00:08:02,533 --> 00:08:05,366 GOING BACK AND FORTH, FROM MY HANDS AND MUSCLES 从我的手和肌肉来回往返 100 00:08:05,466 --> 00:08:07,833 TO MY BRAIN AND BACK AGAIN. 再给我的大脑。 101 00:08:13,033 --> 00:08:16,433 MANY OF THESE SIGNALS WILL BE SORTED AND PROCESSED 这些信号中的许多将被排序和处理 102 00:08:16,533 --> 00:08:17,833 IN THE CEREBELLUM. 在小脑。 103 00:08:20,066 --> 00:08:25,000 HERE, SPECIALIZED NEURONS WITH UP TO 200,000 CONNECTIONS EACH 在这里，每个神经元都有多达200,000个连接 104 00:08:25,100 --> 00:08:28,966 HELP CALCULATE THE MILLIONS OF MICRO-ADJUSTMENTS NEEDED 帮助计算数以百万计的微调整 105 00:08:29,066 --> 00:08:31,766 TO ACHIEVE THE SMOOTH MOVEMENT OF THE BODY. 实现身体的平稳运动。 106 00:08:38,900 --> 00:08:42,766 AND YET ALL OF THIS REMAINS COMPLETELY HIDDEN FROM ME. 而且所有这些消息都是我完全隐藏的。 107 00:08:44,333 --> 00:08:47,266 I SIMPLY ENJOY THE EXPERIENCE OF DRINKING MY COFFEE. 我很享受喝咖啡的经验。 108 00:08:49,833 --> 00:08:52,666 EVERY DAY AS WE MOVE, HIDDEN FROM VIEW, 我们每天都在移动，看不见， 109 00:08:52,766 --> 00:08:54,833 OUR BRAINS UNCONSCIOUSLY PROCESS 我们的大脑异常处理 110 00:08:54,933 --> 00:08:57,300 TRILLIONS UPON TRILLIONS OF CALCULATIONS. 万亿次计算。 111 00:09:01,333 --> 00:09:05,233 THIS UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSING IS WHAT ALLOWS US TO MOVE WITH 这项未经许可的处理程序使我们可以继续前进 112 00:09:05,333 --> 00:09:07,333 EFFORTLESS GRACE THROUGH THE WORLD. 遍及世界的轻松便利。 113 00:09:10,333 --> 00:09:14,233 IT'S A FEAT SO REMARKABLE THAT WE HAVE YET TO BUILD A MACHINE 这是一件非常了不起的事，我们还需要制造一台机器 114 00:09:14,333 --> 00:09:16,333 THAT COMES ANYWHERE CLOSE TO IT. 随时随地都可以。 115 00:09:22,533 --> 00:09:25,966 IN FACT, WE'VE ONLY JUST BEGUN TO DISCOVER THE TECHNIQUES 实际上，我们只是开始探索技术 116 00:09:26,066 --> 00:09:29,833 THAT THE BRAIN USES TO MAKE ITS MANY CALCULATIONS. 大脑需要进行许多计算。 117 00:09:32,633 --> 00:09:36,366 THERE'S SO MUCH THAT OUR BRAIN DOES THAT'S HIDDEN FROM US 我们的大脑被隐藏了这么多东西 118 00:09:36,466 --> 00:09:40,600 WE OFTEN TAKE FOR GRANTED WHAT'S GOING ON UP THERE. 我们经常考虑发生的事情。 119 00:09:40,700 --> 00:09:44,866 BUT WHAT WOULD IT BE LIKE IF SOME OF THESE UNCONSCIOUS SKILLS 但是，如果其中一些不熟练的技能会是什么样子 120 00:09:44,966 --> 00:09:46,433 WERE TAKEN AWAY FROM US? 被我们带走了吗？ 121 00:09:48,866 --> 00:09:50,266 MAN: IT ALWAYS AMAZES ME THAT, YOU KNOW, 男人：总是让我惊讶的是，您知道， 122 00:09:50,366 --> 00:09:54,466 YOU SIT ON A BENCH SOMEWHERE JUST WATCH PEOPLE WALKING BY 您坐在长凳上，只是在观看人走来走去 123 00:09:54,566 --> 00:09:56,366 AND YOU'RE SORT OF THINKING YOU'RE DOING THAT 而且您觉得自己在做这件事很伤心 124 00:09:56,466 --> 00:10:01,133 SO FLUIDLY AND SO SEAMLESSLY, TOTALLY UNAWARE OF THIS 如此流畅而又如此无缝，完全不知道这一点 125 00:10:01,233 --> 00:10:05,866 AMAZING SYSTEM THAT'S MANAGING THAT PROCESS FOR YOU. 令人称奇的系统，可为您管理过程。 126 00:10:05,966 --> 00:10:09,066 EAGLEMAN: AT THE AGE OF 19, IAN WATERMAN SUFFERED 鹰侠：19岁的伊恩·沃特曼 127 00:10:09,166 --> 00:10:11,533 A RARE TYPE OF NERVE DAMAGE. 罕见的神经损伤。 128 00:10:11,633 --> 00:10:14,333 NOW EVERY TINY DETAIL OF MOVEMENT 现在，每个微小的动作细节 129 00:10:14,433 --> 00:10:17,833 REQUIRES INTENSE CONSCIOUS EFFORT. 需要认真认真的努力。 130 00:10:20,033 --> 00:10:25,000 WATERMAN: I LOST THE ABILITY TO MANAGE MY BODY AUTOMATICALLY. 沃特曼：我失去了自动管理身体的能力。 131 00:10:25,100 --> 00:10:29,866 THAT SYSTEM THAT WORKS, IN HERE, SOMEWHERE THAT WE DEVELOP 在这里，我们开发的系统在起作用 132 00:10:29,966 --> 00:10:34,666 AS WE STAND AND TUMBLE AND FALL AS A BABY, UM, 就像我们站立，跌倒和摔倒一样，嗯， 133 00:10:34,766 --> 00:10:37,766 AND WE DEVELOP AS WE GROW--GONE. 随着我们的发展，我们不断发展。 134 00:10:39,733 --> 00:10:42,266 EAGLEMAN: FOR MOST PEOPLE, THIS CONDITION PREVENTS EAGLEMAN：对于大多数人来说，此情况预防 135 00:10:42,366 --> 00:10:45,566 ANY KIND OF COORDINATED MOVEMENT. 任何协调的运动。 136 00:10:45,666 --> 00:10:47,966 BUT OVER TIME, IAN HAS LEARNED 但是随着时间的推移，伊恩已经学会了 137 00:10:48,066 --> 00:10:50,866 TO TREAT HIS BODY LIKE A COMPLEX PUPPET. 治疗他的身体就像一个复杂的木偶。 138 00:10:54,833 --> 00:10:58,600 IAN HAS SPENT YEARS ANALYZING MOVEMENT IAN拥有多年的分析运动 139 00:10:58,700 --> 00:11:02,866 AND WORKING OUT HOW TO PERFORM EACH TINY FLEX AND BEND 并研究如何执行每个微小的弯曲和弯曲 140 00:11:02,966 --> 00:11:04,833 THAT THE HUMAN BODY CAN MAKE. 人体可以制造的。 141 00:11:07,066 --> 00:11:11,033 MUSTERING AN INCREDIBLE MENTAL FOCUS, IAN IS NOW ABLE 误导精神焦点，现在可以安 142 00:11:11,133 --> 00:11:14,833 TO PUT THESE ALL TOGETHER... TO MAKE HIMSELF WALK. 将所有这些放在一起...让HIMSELF漫步。 143 00:11:19,666 --> 00:11:24,466 FOR IAN, WALKING IS A MONUMENTAL TRIUMPH 对于ian来说，步行是一个胜利的胜利 144 00:11:24,566 --> 00:11:28,433 OF SKILL, DEDICATION, AND CONCENTRATION. 技能，专注力和集中度。 145 00:11:32,100 --> 00:11:34,766 WATERMAN: IT'S AN AMAZING LOSS AND IT'S 沃特曼：这是一个惊人的损失，这是 146 00:11:34,866 --> 00:11:37,833 A SIGNIFICANT COGNITIVE EFFORT TO REPLACE 极大的认知替代力 147 00:11:37,933 --> 00:11:40,633 WHAT COMES AUTOMATICALLY WITHIN US. 我们内部会自动发生什么。 148 00:11:40,733 --> 00:11:44,366 IT'S AN ASTOUNDING FACILITY THAT THE BODY HAS TO MANAGE ITSELF. 身体必须自行管理，这是一种强大的功能。 149 00:11:44,466 --> 00:11:48,166 YOU JUST DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS UNTIL IT GOES. 您只是不知道它到底是什么。 150 00:11:56,866 --> 00:11:59,433 EAGLEMAN: NEXT TIME YOU SEE A PERSON MOVING, EAGLEMAN：下次您看到有人移动时， 151 00:11:59,533 --> 00:12:04,200 TAKE A MOMENT TO MARVEL NOT JUST AT THE BEAUTY OF THE HUMAN BODY 惊叹于人的美丽 152 00:12:04,300 --> 00:12:06,766 BUT AT THE POWER OF THE UNCONSCIOUS BRAIN 但无意识的力量 153 00:12:06,866 --> 00:12:08,833 THAT'S ORCHESTRATING IT. 进行编排。 154 00:12:14,333 --> 00:12:18,900 OUR UNCONSCIOUS BRAIN IS CAPABLE OF SOME TRULY REMARKABLE FEATS. 我们的无知大脑能够承担某些真正令人赞叹的事情。 155 00:12:22,333 --> 00:12:26,600 BUT WHY IS SO MUCH OF WHAT WE DO BURIED OUT OF REACH? 但是为什么我们无法做到这一点呢？ 156 00:12:34,733 --> 00:12:37,266 TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION, WE CAN TAKE A PEEK 回答这个问题，我们可以看一看 157 00:12:37,366 --> 00:12:39,033 INTO THE MIND OF A CHAMPION. 进入冠军的头脑。 158 00:12:44,700 --> 00:12:46,933 THIS IS AUSTIN NABER. 这是奥斯汀·纳伯。 159 00:12:47,033 --> 00:12:50,266 HE HAS SET WORLD RECORDS FOR CUP STACKING. 他已经设定了杯子堆叠的世界记录。 160 00:12:51,833 --> 00:12:54,866 NOTHING YOU ARE ABOUT TO SEE HAS BEEN SPED UP IN ANY WAY. 您无意以任何方式加快速度。 161 00:13:14,633 --> 00:13:15,966 EAGLEMAN: AUSTIN, THAT WAS TERRIFIC. EAGLEMAN：AUSTIN，那太好了。 162 00:13:16,066 --> 00:13:17,233 HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN PRACTICING THIS? 您已经实践了多长时间？ 163 00:13:17,333 --> 00:13:19,833 UM, TWO YEARS AND 10 MONTHS. 嗯，两年零十个月了。 164 00:13:19,933 --> 00:13:21,266 AND HOW--DO YOU PRACTICE EVERY DAY? 以及如何-您每天都练习？ 165 00:13:21,366 --> 00:13:22,266 YEP. 是的 166 00:13:22,366 --> 00:13:23,600 HOW MANY HOURS? 多少个小时？ 167 00:13:23,700 --> 00:13:25,200 UM, AT LEAST 3 OR 4. UM，至少3或4。 168 00:13:25,300 --> 00:13:26,633 AND WHEN YOU FIRST STARTED THIS, 当您第一次开始时， 169 00:13:26,733 --> 00:13:27,866 HOW FAST COULD YOU DO IT? 您如何快速做到这一点？ 170 00:13:27,966 --> 00:13:30,533 UM, 2 MINUTES, 2.5 MINUTES. UM，2分钟，2.5分钟。 171 00:13:30,633 --> 00:13:32,366 TO DO THE SAME ROUTINE YOU WERE JUST DOING? 要执行您刚刚要做的相同例程？ 172 00:13:32,466 --> 00:13:33,766 YES, A CYCLE. 是的，一个周期。 173 00:13:33,866 --> 00:13:36,333 OK, AND HOW QUICKLY CAN YOU DO IT NOW? 好的，您现在如何迅速做？ 174 00:13:36,433 --> 00:13:38,333 5 SECONDS. 5 SECONDS? 5秒。 175 00:13:38,433 --> 00:13:39,833 WOW, THAT'S QUITE AN IMPROVEMENT. 哇，这真是一个改进。 176 00:13:39,933 --> 00:13:41,166 SO WHEN YOU'RE DOING THAT, ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT 因此，当您这样做时，您是否正在考虑 177 00:13:41,266 --> 00:13:42,166 WHAT YOU'RE DOING? 你在做什么？ 178 00:13:42,266 --> 00:13:43,533 NOT REALLY. 并不是的。 179 00:13:43,633 --> 00:13:45,200 YOU'RE JUST LETTING YOUR HANDS DO THE WORK? 您只是在做自己的事吗？ 180 00:13:45,300 --> 00:13:47,266 MM-HMM. MM-HMM。 181 00:13:47,366 --> 00:13:49,966 EAGLEMAN: WATCHING AUSTIN STACK CUPS, YOU MIGHT EXPECT EAGLEMAN：观看奥斯汀小点心，您可能会期望 182 00:13:50,066 --> 00:13:52,033 THAT HIS BRAIN IS WORKING OVERTIME. 他的大脑正在加班。 183 00:13:53,733 --> 00:13:57,800 HAVING TO COORDINATE THESE COMPLEX ACTIONS SO QUICKLY, 能够如此迅速地协调这些复杂的动作， 184 00:13:57,900 --> 00:14:02,266 IT SEEMS LIKE HIS BRAIN MUST BE BURNING A LOT OF EXTRA ENERGY. 就像他的大脑一样，它必须消耗大量的额外能量。 185 00:14:02,366 --> 00:14:04,200 THAT WAS AMAZING! 那太精彩了！ 186 00:14:04,300 --> 00:14:06,333 EAGLEMAN: BUT THE REAL STORY IS NOT QUITE THAT SIMPLE. EAGLEMAN：但真实的故事并不那么简单。 187 00:14:08,100 --> 00:14:11,133 TO GAIN A BETTER INSIGHT INTO WHAT'S HAPPENING HERE, 为了更好地了解发生的事情， 188 00:14:11,233 --> 00:14:14,233 WE HAVE TO PEEK INSIDE THE BRAIN. 我们必须在脑子里偷看。 189 00:14:14,333 --> 00:14:15,933 EAGLEMAN: AUSTIN, HOW'S THE CAP FEEL ON YOU? EAGLEMAN：AUSTIN，您觉得这顶帽子怎么样？ 190 00:14:16,033 --> 00:14:17,600 GOOD. 好。 191 00:14:17,700 --> 00:14:20,600 EAGLEMAN: THE SKULLCAPS WE'RE BEING FITTED WITH ARE DEVICES EAGLEMAN：我们正在配合的SKYCAPS设备 192 00:14:20,700 --> 00:14:25,433 FOR MEASURING ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, OR EEG. 用于测量脑电图或脑电图。 193 00:14:25,533 --> 00:14:29,266 THEY READ ELECTRICAL SIGNALS FROM THE SCALP TO REVEAL CLUES 他们从头皮上读取电信号以显示线索 194 00:14:29,366 --> 00:14:32,266 ABOUT THE ACTIVITY GOING ON INSIDE THE BRAIN. 关于大脑内部正在进行的活动。 195 00:14:33,866 --> 00:14:36,200 CONDUCTIVE GEL IS INJECTED AT VARIOUS POINTS 在各个点处注入导电胶 196 00:14:36,300 --> 00:14:38,600 TO HELP BOOST THE SIGNAL. 帮助提升信号。 197 00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:39,766 EAGLEMAN: SO ALL THE LIGHTS ON YOUR HEAD EAGLEMAN：头上的所有灯都亮着 198 00:14:39,866 --> 00:14:41,233 ARE TURNING GREEN, WHICH IS GOOD. 变绿了，这很好。 199 00:14:41,333 --> 00:14:43,733 THERE'S A GOOD CONNECTION THERE. 那里有很好的联系。 200 00:14:43,833 --> 00:14:46,633 EAGLEMAN: WITH BOTH OF US RIGGED UP, WE NOW HAVE A WINDOW EAGLEMAN：随着我们俩的努力，我们现在有了一个窗口 201 00:14:46,733 --> 00:14:50,200 INTO THE ELECTRICAL WORLD WITHIN OUR BRAINS. 在我们的大脑内进入电气世界。 202 00:14:50,300 --> 00:14:52,233 EAGLEMAN: SO NOW WE'RE GOING TO RACE. EAGLEMAN：现在，我们要开始比赛。 203 00:14:52,333 --> 00:14:54,366 EAGLEMAN: AND WE CAN SEE HOW MUCH EFFORT IT TAKES EAGLEMAN：我们可以看到如何做 204 00:14:54,466 --> 00:14:57,200 OUR BRAINS TO CUPSTACK. 我们的头脑要崩溃。 205 00:14:57,300 --> 00:14:59,066 YOU READY? MM-HMM. 你准备好了吗？ 206 00:14:59,166 --> 00:15:00,366 MAN: SET...GO! 男人：开始...出发！ 207 00:15:05,533 --> 00:15:07,866 EAGLEMAN: LOOKING AT THE EEG, WE CAN SEE THAT EAGLEMAN：看看EEG，我们可以看到 208 00:15:07,966 --> 00:15:10,833 MY BRAIN IS WORKING FULL TILT. 我的大脑正在全力以赴。 209 00:15:10,933 --> 00:15:14,033 MY CONSCIOUS MIND IS ACTIVELY SEARCHING FOR WAYS 我的意识正在积极寻找方法 210 00:15:14,133 --> 00:15:18,833 TO BEST PERFORM THIS TASK AND FIGURING OUT WHAT TO DO NEXT. 为了最好地执行此任务并弄清楚下一步该怎么做。 211 00:15:20,166 --> 00:15:22,566 IT MEANS THERE'S A LOT OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY 这意味着有大量的电气活动 212 00:15:22,666 --> 00:15:26,300 HAPPENING IN MY BRAIN AND A LOT OF ENERGY BEING EXPENDED. 发生在我的大脑中，并且消耗了很多能量。 213 00:15:28,666 --> 00:15:32,800 IN CONTRAST, AUSTIN'S BRAIN IS SERENE. 相反，奥斯丁的大脑是宁静的。 214 00:15:32,900 --> 00:15:35,666 DESPITE THE SPEED AND COMPLEXITY OF WHAT HE IS DOING, 不管他正在做什么的速度和复杂性， 215 00:15:35,766 --> 00:15:38,766 HIS BRAIN IS IN AN ALMOST REST-LIKE STATE. 他的大脑处于几乎其余的状态。 216 00:15:43,300 --> 00:15:46,133 [LAUGHS] RIGHT THERE BEHIND YOU. [笑]就在你身后。 217 00:15:46,233 --> 00:15:48,266 EAGLEMAN: SO HOW IS HE ABLE TO DO THIS? EAGLEMAN：那他怎么做？ 218 00:15:53,166 --> 00:15:57,366 AUSTIN'S TALENT IS A RESULT OF PHYSICAL CHANGES IN HIS BRAIN. 奥斯丁的才能是他的大脑发生物理变化的结果。 219 00:15:57,466 --> 00:16:01,566 DURING HIS YEARS OF PRACTICE, A SPECIALIZED SET OF CONNECTIONS 在他多年的实践中，有一系列专门的联系 220 00:16:01,666 --> 00:16:02,833 HAS BEEN FORMED. 已经形成。 221 00:16:04,700 --> 00:16:07,200 HE HAS CARVED THE SKILL OF CUP STACKING 他刻了杯装的技巧 222 00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:09,200 INTO THE STRUCTURE OF HIS NEURONS. 进入他的神经元的结构。 223 00:16:11,500 --> 00:16:14,266 THIS ALLOWS AUSTIN'S BRAIN TO PERFORM THIS TASK 这允许奥斯汀的大脑执行此任务 224 00:16:14,366 --> 00:16:15,900 RAPIDLY AND EFFICIENTLY. 快速，高效。 225 00:16:27,066 --> 00:16:29,766 AS WE LEARN NEW SKILLS, THEY CHANGE 当我们学习新技能时，它们会发生变化 226 00:16:29,866 --> 00:16:32,000 THE STRUCTURE OF OUR BRAINS. 我们的大脑结构。 227 00:16:32,100 --> 00:16:34,566 THEY MOVE FROM SOFTWARE TO BECOME PART OF 他们从软件转变为一部分 228 00:16:34,666 --> 00:16:36,266 THE HARDWARE OF THE MIND. 心灵的硬件。 229 00:16:37,666 --> 00:16:42,266 IT MEANS AUSTIN CAN EVEN DO THIS...BLINDFOLDED. 这意味着奥斯丁甚至可以做到这一点...盲目的。 230 00:16:47,066 --> 00:16:51,066 WHEN WE PRACTICE NEW SKILLS, WE PHYSICALLY HARDWIRE THEM. 当我们练习新技能时，我们实际上会对其进行硬体处理。 231 00:16:51,166 --> 00:16:53,733 SOME PEOPLE TALK ABOUT THIS AS MUSCLE MEMORY, 有人说这是肌肉记忆， 232 00:16:53,833 --> 00:16:55,833 BUT IT DOESN'T HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH OUR MUSCLES. 但它与我们的肌肉没有任何关系。 233 00:16:55,933 --> 00:16:57,733 ALL THE CHANGES ARE ORCHESTRATED 所有变更都经过精心策划 234 00:16:57,833 --> 00:17:00,333 ACROSS THE VAST SEAS OF OUR BRAIN. 遍及我们的大脑。 235 00:17:03,466 --> 00:17:05,966 IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT CUP STACKING-- 不仅仅是杯垫堆叠- 236 00:17:06,066 --> 00:17:09,166 AS WE DEVELOP FROM CHILDHOOD, WE ALL BEGIN TO ACQUIRE 随着我们从儿童时代的发展，我们都开始 237 00:17:09,266 --> 00:17:11,800 THESE BURNT-IN CIRCUITS. 这些烧入电路。 238 00:17:11,900 --> 00:17:15,833 EVERYTHING FROM WALKING... TO TYING LACES... 从步行...到绑鞋带... 239 00:17:17,900 --> 00:17:22,433 TYPING...TO RIDING A BIKE. 键入...骑自行车。 240 00:17:22,533 --> 00:17:24,933 ALL THESE ARE SKILLS THAT GET HARDWIRED 所有这些都是难以理解的技能 241 00:17:25,033 --> 00:17:27,666 INTO THE STRUCTURE OF OUR BRAINS, 进入我们的大脑结构 242 00:17:27,766 --> 00:17:31,100 MAKING THEM AUTOMATIC AND ENERGY EFFICIENT. 使它们自动高效地运行。 243 00:17:33,666 --> 00:17:37,266 DESPITE THE VAST AMOUNT OF INFORMATION IT PROCESSES, 尽管有大量的信息技术流程， 244 00:17:37,366 --> 00:17:40,833 THE HUMAN BRAIN REQUIRES ONLY AS MUCH ENERGY 人类只需要大量能量 245 00:17:40,933 --> 00:17:42,833 AS A 60-WATT LIGHT BULB. 作为一个60瓦的灯泡。 246 00:17:48,500 --> 00:17:51,633 BUT THERE'S A CONSEQUENCE TO HARDWIRING. 但是存在硬接线的后果。 247 00:17:51,733 --> 00:17:55,400 THESE SKILLS BECOME HIDDEN FROM US. 这些技能已被我们隐藏。 248 00:17:55,500 --> 00:17:57,066 THEY BECOME UNCONSCIOUS. 他们变得不合逻辑。 249 00:17:59,100 --> 00:18:01,366 I DON'T KNOW HOW I'M RIDING THIS BIKE, 我不知道如何骑这辆自行车， 250 00:18:01,466 --> 00:18:04,033 THE SMALL CORRECTIONS OF THE HANDLE BARS, 手把的小改正 251 00:18:04,133 --> 00:18:07,666 THE MICRO-CORRECTIONS OF MY BALANCE. 我的余额的微校正。 252 00:18:07,766 --> 00:18:10,433 AND THIS IS THE SAME WITH ALL NEW SKILLS THAT WE LEARN, 这就是我们学到的所有新技能， 253 00:18:10,533 --> 00:18:13,166 WHETHER IT'S CYCLING OR READING OR TYPING 无论是循环，阅读还是打字 254 00:18:13,266 --> 00:18:16,200 OR DRIVING A CAR OR PLAYING THE PIANO. 或驾驶汽车或弹奏钢琴。 255 00:18:16,300 --> 00:18:20,266 WE LOSE ACCESS TO THE SOPHISTICATED PROGRAMS 我们不参加复杂的计划 256 00:18:20,366 --> 00:18:21,400 THAT WE'RE RUNNING. 我们正在运行。 257 00:18:24,633 --> 00:18:27,000 AND THIS CAN CAUSE SOME ODD EFFECTS 这可能会导致某些奇怪的影响 258 00:18:27,100 --> 00:18:28,833 FOR OUR CONSCIOUS MIND. 对于我们的意识。 259 00:18:32,500 --> 00:18:34,033 [HORN HONKING] [鸣喇叭] 260 00:18:34,133 --> 00:18:37,266 TAKE THE FEELING COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS AUTOPILOT. 采取通常称为自动驾驶的感觉。 261 00:18:39,233 --> 00:18:41,700 MOST OF US WILL HAVE EXPERIENCED IT WHILE DRIVING. 在开车的过程中，我们大多数人都会经历过。 262 00:18:44,133 --> 00:18:47,433 YOU'RE CRUISING ALONG AND SUDDENLY YOU'RE HALFWAY HOME 您正在突然折返中途回家 263 00:18:47,533 --> 00:18:49,100 WITH NO MEMORY OF HOW YOU GOT THERE. 没有记忆，你怎么会在那里。 264 00:18:52,066 --> 00:18:55,800 THIS SENSATION HAPPENS BECAUSE THE DRIVING IS BEING PERFORMED 发生这种感觉是因为正在进行驾驶 265 00:18:55,900 --> 00:18:58,033 UNCONSCIOUSLY AND AUTOMATICALLY. 主动和非自愿地。 266 00:19:01,933 --> 00:19:05,633 BRAINS CAN BE TRAINED TO PERFORM ALMOST ANY SKILL AUTOMATICALLY. 可以训练大脑以自动执行几乎任何技能。 267 00:19:09,233 --> 00:19:14,333 AND SOME OF THEM CAN SEEM ALMOST SUPERHUMAN. 其中一些可以使几乎超人类。 268 00:19:20,133 --> 00:19:23,166 THROUGH INTENSE PRACTICE, THE BRAIN'S ABILITY 通过严格的实践，大脑的能力 269 00:19:23,266 --> 00:19:26,333 TO RUN ON AUTOPILOT CAN BE HARNESSED 可以驾驭自动驾驶仪 270 00:19:26,433 --> 00:19:28,800 TO ACHIEVE SOME EXTREME FEATS. 达到某些极致。 271 00:19:37,433 --> 00:19:39,533 MAN: FREE SOLO CLIMBING IS CLIMBING WITHOUT 男人：免费的个人攀爬就是没有攀爬 272 00:19:39,633 --> 00:19:41,433 ANYTHING BUT YOUR BODY. 一切都随身携带。 273 00:19:41,533 --> 00:19:43,466 THERE'S NO ROPES, THERE'S NOTHING HOLDING YOU 没有R绳，没有牵着你 274 00:19:43,566 --> 00:19:46,833 ONTO THE ROCK BUT YOUR HANDS AND YOUR FEET. 将您的手和脚放在岩石上。 275 00:19:52,533 --> 00:19:54,666 EAGLEMAN: THIS IS DEAN POTTER. EAGLEMAN：这很不错。 276 00:19:54,766 --> 00:19:58,966 FROM THE AGE OF 12, HE'S DEDICATED HIS LIFE TO CLIMBING. 从12岁起，他就致力于生活和攀爬。 277 00:19:59,066 --> 00:20:03,033 THESE YEARS OF PRACTICE HAVE HARDWIRED THIS INCREDIBLE SKILL 多年的实践使这一难以置信的技能变得艰难 278 00:20:03,133 --> 00:20:06,733 INTO THE STRUCTURE OF HIS BRAIN. 进入他的大脑结构。 279 00:20:06,833 --> 00:20:10,533 BUT DEAN'S REAL CHALLENGE IS TO LET THESE HARD-WIRED SKILLS 但是，BEAN DEAN的真正挑战在于摆脱这些困难 280 00:20:10,633 --> 00:20:13,733 RUN WITHOUT CONSCIOUS INTERFERENCE. 在没有明显干扰的情况下运行。 281 00:20:13,833 --> 00:20:18,833 A MOMENT'S HESITATION OR STRAY THOUGHT COULD SPELL DISASTER. 片刻的犹豫或迷思思想可能会导致星灾。 282 00:20:21,266 --> 00:20:23,966 TO STAY ALIVE, DEAN HAS TO GIVE OVER 为了保持活力，DEAN必须付出 283 00:20:24,066 --> 00:20:27,066 COMPLETE CONTROL TO HIS UNCONSCIOUS. 完全控制自己的声音。 284 00:20:32,333 --> 00:20:36,133 POTTER: MY MOST PINNACLE MOMENTS ARE WHEN I COMPLETELY 锅：我最重要的时刻是当我完全 285 00:20:36,233 --> 00:20:41,733 GO AWAY CONSCIOUSLY AND I FIND MYSELF AT THE TOP OF THE ROCK. 认真走开，我发现自己在岩石的顶端。 286 00:20:41,833 --> 00:20:43,333 IT'S KINDA LIKE BLACKOUT. 有点像黑名单。 287 00:20:43,433 --> 00:20:45,800 I'M...DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPENED, 我...不知道发生了什么， 288 00:20:45,900 --> 00:20:50,733 UM, BUT I'M ON THE TOP OF THE ROCK. 嗯，但是我在岩石的顶端。 289 00:20:50,833 --> 00:20:53,133 EAGLEMAN: AS DEAN CLIMBS, HE ENTERS EAGLEMAN：作为DEAN CLIMBS，他进入 290 00:20:53,233 --> 00:20:56,233 WHAT'S KNOWN AS A FLOW STATE. 流动状态称为什么。 291 00:20:56,333 --> 00:20:59,066 IT'S A FORM OF BRAIN ACTIVITY EXPERIENCED BY 这是一种通过 292 00:20:59,166 --> 00:21:02,733 DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE FROM MEDITATION EXPERTS 来自冥想专家的各种人士 293 00:21:02,833 --> 00:21:06,333 TO ELITE ATHLETES TO PROFESSIONAL MUSICIANS. 向专业音乐家致敬。 294 00:21:08,500 --> 00:21:11,366 IT'S SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS "THE ZONE" 有时也称为“区域” 295 00:21:11,466 --> 00:21:14,500 AND IT ARISES DURING TOTAL IMMERSION IN THE TASK. 并且完全淹没在任务中。 296 00:21:18,266 --> 00:21:22,133 IN FLOW STATES, THE NEURAL CIRCUITS ARE ABLE TO RUN 在流动状态下，神经电路可以运行 297 00:21:22,233 --> 00:21:24,600 WITHOUT THE CONSCIOUS MIND INTERFERING. 没有明显的心理干扰。 298 00:21:28,566 --> 00:21:30,800 WHEN DEAN ENTERS A FLOW STATE, 当DEAN进入流状态时， 299 00:21:30,900 --> 00:21:34,566 HE OPERATES WITHOUT DISTRACTION AND WITHOUT FEAR. 他的经营无拘无束，无所畏惧。 300 00:21:36,233 --> 00:21:39,200 POTTER: MY PERCEPTION IS HEIGHTENED. 锅：我的看法是高度的。 301 00:21:39,300 --> 00:21:43,000 WHAT I'M SEEING IS MUCH CLEARER. 我在想什么更清晰。 302 00:21:43,100 --> 00:21:47,233 THE PARTICLES OF DUST IN THE AIR IN FRONT OF ME, 我身前空气中的尘埃颗粒 303 00:21:47,333 --> 00:21:50,466 VERY SUBTLE NOISES OR THINGS THAT HAPPEN VERY FAST 非常微妙的噪音或非常快速发生的事情 304 00:21:50,566 --> 00:21:51,800 BECOME SLOWED DOWN. 变慢了。 305 00:21:54,700 --> 00:21:57,000 I'M NO LONGER IN MY RATIONAL THOUGHT, 我的理性思考不再孤单， 306 00:21:57,100 --> 00:22:01,233 I'M IN MY UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHT WHERE I'M JUST 我只是在我默默的思考中 307 00:22:01,333 --> 00:22:02,833 MOVING ON THE ROCK. 在岩石上移动。 308 00:22:05,733 --> 00:22:09,000 I STOP THINKING ABOUT WHAT I'M DOING, AND I JUST DO. 我停止思考自己正在做的事情，而我只是做。 309 00:22:10,966 --> 00:22:13,633 WE ALL HAVE CHATTER WHEN WE'RE THINKING OF, LIKE, 当我们在思考的时候，我们所有人都在聊天， 310 00:22:13,733 --> 00:22:15,533 ALL THE THINGS IN LIFE. 生活中的一切。 311 00:22:15,633 --> 00:22:18,333 WE ALL WALK AROUND WITH ALL THIS WEIGHT ON US, 我们都将在我们身上拥有这一切的权利， 312 00:22:18,433 --> 00:22:22,333 THINGS WE'RE WORRIED ABOUT OR THINGS WE'RE HOPEFUL FOR, UM, 我们担心的事情或希望实现的事情，嗯， 313 00:22:22,433 --> 00:22:26,266 THINGS THAT AREN'T LIKE, REALLY THEY DON'T 实在不喜欢的东西 314 00:22:26,366 --> 00:22:31,233 HAVE TO DO WITH WHERE WE'RE AT, AND, UM, FOR ME, 与我们在哪里有关，对我来说， 315 00:22:31,333 --> 00:22:33,166 DANGER ELIMINATES ALL THAT. 消除所有危险。 316 00:22:37,266 --> 00:22:40,466 THE REASON I'M DOING ALL THESE THINGS ISN'T TO CLIMB THE ROCK. 我正在做所有这些事情的原因并不是为了攀登岩石。 317 00:22:40,566 --> 00:22:43,533 THE REASON I'M DOING IT IS TO ENTER THE HEIGHTENED STATE. 我这样做的原因是要进入高度状态。 318 00:22:43,633 --> 00:22:46,800 SO IT DOESN'T MATTER WHAT I'M DOING. 所以它没关系我在做什么。 319 00:22:46,900 --> 00:22:49,600 IF I CAN ENTER THAT HEIGHTENED STATE, I'M HAPPY. 如果我可以输入这种高度状态，那我很高兴。 320 00:23:05,533 --> 00:23:09,566 EAGLEMAN: MONTHS AFTER THIS INTERVIEW, DEAN LOST HIS LIFE EAGLEMAN：这次采访后的几个月，DEAN LOST他的生活 321 00:23:09,666 --> 00:23:13,333 IN A WINGSUIT ACCIDENT IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK 在约塞米蒂国家公园的机翼事故中 322 00:23:13,433 --> 00:23:14,866 DOING WHAT HE LOVED. 做他喜欢的事情。 323 00:23:29,933 --> 00:23:31,766 THE HIDDEN PARTS OF THE BRAIN CAN TAKE 大脑的隐藏部分可以带走 324 00:23:31,866 --> 00:23:33,900 TOTAL CONTROL OVER OUR BODIES... 完全控制我们的身体... 325 00:23:38,333 --> 00:23:43,000 BUT IT'S ALSO CAPABLE OF SHAPING OUR LIVES IN MORE PROFOUND WAYS. 但它也有能力以更多的方式改变我们的生活。 326 00:23:54,233 --> 00:23:56,833 THE MAN WHO WOULD BEGIN TO UNCOVER THIS 将会开始揭露这件事的人 327 00:23:56,933 --> 00:24:00,000 REVOLUTIONIZED THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT WHO WE ARE. 革新了我们对自己的想法。 328 00:24:03,933 --> 00:24:06,833 HIS NAME WAS SIGMUND FREUD. 他的名字是SIGMUND FREUD。 329 00:24:12,833 --> 00:24:14,633 IN 1938, SIGMUND FREUD WAS 1938年，辛格蒙德·弗洛伊德（SIGMUND FREUD） 330 00:24:14,733 --> 00:24:17,033 FLEEING FROM THE NAZIS IN AUSTRIA 从奥地利纳粹逃离 331 00:24:17,133 --> 00:24:20,266 AND HE MOVED HERE TO THIS HOUSE IN LONDON. 然后他搬到了伦敦这所房子。 332 00:24:20,366 --> 00:24:21,966 FREUD WAS ONE OF THE 20th CENTURY'S 弗洛伊德（Freud）是20世纪的一届 333 00:24:22,066 --> 00:24:25,600 MOST INFLUENTIAL THINKERS, AND THAT'S BECAUSE HE USHERED IN 最有影响力的思想家，因为他使用了 334 00:24:25,700 --> 00:24:30,333 A NEW WAY OF THINKING ABOUT WHY PEOPLE BEHAVE THE WAY THEY DO. 思考人们行为的新方法。 335 00:24:33,366 --> 00:24:35,800 FREUD'S FASCINATION WITH THE BRAIN HAD BEGUN AT 弗洛伊德（Freud）对大脑的初学者Begun的迷恋 336 00:24:35,900 --> 00:24:40,600 MEDICAL SCHOOL IN VIENNA, WHERE HE SPECIALIZED IN NEUROLOGY. 维也纳专门从事神经病学的医学院。 337 00:24:40,700 --> 00:24:44,000 AFTER GRADUATION, HE SET UP A PRIVATE PRACTICE 毕业后，他建立了一个私人实践 338 00:24:44,100 --> 00:24:47,766 TREATING PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS. 治疗患有心理疾病的患者。 339 00:24:47,866 --> 00:24:52,266 FASCINATED BY WHAT HE SAW, FREUD SOON BEGAN FORMULATING 迷恋于他的锯齿，弗洛伊德很快就开始制定公式 340 00:24:52,366 --> 00:24:55,633 RADICALLY NEW IDEAS ABOUT THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND. 关于无心智的全新思路。 341 00:24:58,900 --> 00:25:06,366 FREUD ON RECORDING: I DISCOVERED SOME IMPORTANT NEW FACTS ABOUT THE UNCONSCIOUS... 记录的弗洛伊德：我发现了关于未知的一些重要的新事实... 342 00:25:08,066 --> 00:25:13,000 OUT OF THESE FINDINGS GREW A NEW SCIENCE. 这些发现提出了新的科学。 343 00:25:15,466 --> 00:25:18,833 EAGLEMAN: FREUD WOULD BECOME THE FOUNDER OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, EAGLEMAN：弗洛伊德将成为心理分析的奠基人， 344 00:25:18,933 --> 00:25:22,066 AN APPROACH THAT PUT THE FOCUS ON UNDERSTANDING 将重点放在理解上的方法 345 00:25:22,166 --> 00:25:24,833 WHAT'S BENEATH CONSCIOUS AWARENESS. 什么是自觉的。 346 00:25:26,633 --> 00:25:29,066 RUTH McCALL IS A PSYCHOANALYST 麦考尔（RUTH McCALL）是一名心理学家 347 00:25:29,166 --> 00:25:31,366 WITH A SPECIAL INTEREST IN FREUD'S WORK. 对弗洛伊德作品有特殊兴趣。 348 00:25:32,866 --> 00:25:35,533 McCALL: BEFORE FREUD, THERE WAS VERY LITTLE HELP. 麦考：弗洛伊德之前，帮助甚少。 349 00:25:35,633 --> 00:25:39,733 FREUD PIONEERED A METHOD OF GETTING PEOPLE JUST TO TALK 弗洛伊德·先驱者 350 00:25:39,833 --> 00:25:44,166 TO TRY AND GET PEOPLE TO EXPOSE THEMSELVES THROUGH WORDS. 尝试并让人们通过单词展示自己。 351 00:25:44,266 --> 00:25:47,733 HE WOULD GET PEOPLE TO LIE ON WHAT HE CALLED A COUCH 他会让人相信他所说的话 352 00:25:47,833 --> 00:25:49,466 AND HE SAT BEHIND THEM BECAUSE 并且他之所以在他们身后 353 00:25:49,566 --> 00:25:53,033 WHEN YOU BREAK THE LINKAGE OF EYE-TO-EYE CONTACT, 当您打破眼与眼的联系时， 354 00:25:53,133 --> 00:25:55,966 PEOPLE STOP SPEAKING TO ANOTHER PERSON 人们停止对另一个人说话 355 00:25:56,066 --> 00:25:59,233 AND THEY BEGIN TO SPEAK A BIT MORE TO THEMSELVES. 并且他们开始对自己说一点点。 356 00:25:59,333 --> 00:26:01,466 AND THAT, WE FEEL, LEADS TO THREADS 而且，我们感到有帮助的可能性 357 00:26:01,566 --> 00:26:04,833 THAT HAVE THEIR ENDPOINT IN OUR UNCONSCIOUS. 在我们未知的地方拥有他们的终点。 358 00:26:07,766 --> 00:26:10,366 EAGLEMAN: IN AN ERA BEFORE BRAIN SCANS EAGLEMAN：在时代之前的大脑 359 00:26:10,466 --> 00:26:13,200 OR POWERFUL COMPUTER SIMULATIONS, 或强大的计算机模拟 360 00:26:13,300 --> 00:26:15,633 FREUD'S COUCH WAS HIS WINDOW 弗洛伊德的椅子是他的窗户 361 00:26:15,733 --> 00:26:18,800 INTO THE WORLD OF THE UNCONSCIOUS. 走进无与伦比的世界。 362 00:26:18,900 --> 00:26:22,133 FREUD PAID CLOSE ATTENTION TO THE INFORMATION 弗洛伊德密切注意该信息 363 00:26:22,233 --> 00:26:25,000 THAT WAS CONTAINED IN SLIPS OF THE TONGUE 包含在舌头滑动中 364 00:26:25,100 --> 00:26:27,733 AND HE HYPOTHESIZED THAT ALL OF THIS RESULTS FROM 并且他假设所有这些结果来自 365 00:26:27,833 --> 00:26:30,166 UNCONSCIOUS MOTIVATIONS. 毫无根据的动机。 366 00:26:30,266 --> 00:26:33,633 SO BY PAYING ATTENTION TO WHAT WAS POKING ABOVE THE SURFACE, 因此，请注意表面上方的内容， 367 00:26:33,733 --> 00:26:36,066 FREUD FELT THAT HE COULD GET A GOOD SENSE 感到自己可能会感觉很好 368 00:26:36,166 --> 00:26:37,766 OF WHAT WAS LURKING BELOW. 什么潜伏在下面。 369 00:26:39,133 --> 00:26:41,233 FREUD HAD SEEN THAT BENEATH THE SURFACE 在表面下面看到了新鲜的东西 370 00:26:41,333 --> 00:26:44,533 OF EACH OF US LIES A SWIRLING SEA 的美国谎言漩涡海 371 00:26:44,633 --> 00:26:49,266 OF HIDDEN MOTIVATIONS AND DRIVES AND DESIRES. 隐藏的行驶，驾驶和欲望。 372 00:26:55,933 --> 00:26:58,733 THE WAY WE THINK AND FEEL AND ACT 我们思考，感觉和行动的方式 373 00:26:58,833 --> 00:27:02,333 IS PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED BY THIS UNCONSCIOUS. 毫无意义地受到了这种影响。 374 00:27:06,266 --> 00:27:09,200 FREUD WOULD BE JUST ONE OF MANY EXPLORERS 只是许多开发人员之一 375 00:27:09,300 --> 00:27:11,333 OF THIS BRAVE NEW WORLD. 勇敢的新世界。 376 00:27:13,433 --> 00:27:17,766 AS THE 20th CENTURY PROGRESSED, MANY OTHER SCIENTISTS BEGAN 随着20世纪的发展，许多其他科学家开始了 377 00:27:17,866 --> 00:27:21,066 DESIGNING EXPERIMENTS TO SHED LIGHT ON 设计实验以开启灯光 378 00:27:21,166 --> 00:27:23,833 THE MYSTERIOUS WORKINGS OF THE MIND. 心灵的奥秘。 379 00:27:26,566 --> 00:27:29,533 THEY WERE TRYING TO UNCOVER HOW MUCH CONTROL 他们试图了解如何控制 380 00:27:29,633 --> 00:27:32,233 OUR CONSCIOUSNESS REALLY HAS, 我们的意识确实存在 381 00:27:32,333 --> 00:27:34,733 BUT WHAT THEY WERE TO DISCOVER 但是他们要发现什么 382 00:27:34,833 --> 00:27:37,766 WOULD BE FAR STRANGER THAN ANYONE IMAGINED. 将比想象中的任何人都遥遥领先。 383 00:27:43,900 --> 00:27:47,766 TAKE AN EXPERIMENT RUN IN THE MID-1960s BY ECKHARD HESS. ECKHARD HESS在1960年代中期进行了一项实验。 384 00:27:52,866 --> 00:27:54,333 IT WAS A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT. 这是一个简单的实验。 385 00:27:54,433 --> 00:27:59,033 HE ASKED MEN TO LOOK AT PHOTOGRAPHS OF WOMEN'S FACES 他问男人看女性面孔的照片 386 00:27:59,133 --> 00:28:00,833 AND MAKE JUDGMENTS ABOUT THEM. 并对其做出判断。 387 00:28:05,266 --> 00:28:07,333 HOW KIND DOES SHE LOOK? 她如何看待？ 388 00:28:10,500 --> 00:28:12,833 HOW SELFISH OR UNSELFISH? 自学还是未完成？ 389 00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:18,000 HOW FRIENDLY OR UNFRIENDLY? 友善还是友善？ 390 00:28:18,100 --> 00:28:19,833 AND HOW ATTRACTIVE? 以及吸引力如何？ 391 00:28:23,466 --> 00:28:26,633 IT SEEMS LIKE A STRAIGHTFORWARD ENOUGH TASK. 它看起来像是直截了当的任务。 392 00:28:26,733 --> 00:28:29,833 BUT AS IS OFTEN THE CASE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS... 但通常是心理实验的情况... 393 00:28:31,100 --> 00:28:32,800 THERE WAS A CATCH. 有一个守门员。 394 00:28:32,900 --> 00:28:34,733 UNBEKNOWNST TO THE SUBJECT, 未知主题， 395 00:28:34,833 --> 00:28:37,033 THE EXPERIMENT HAD BEEN MANIPULATED. 实验已被操纵。 396 00:28:37,133 --> 00:28:39,400 IN HALF OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS, THE WOMEN'S EYES HAD BEEN 在一半的照片中，已经出现了女性的眼睛 397 00:28:39,500 --> 00:28:41,033 ARTIFICIALLY DILATED. 人工膨胀。 398 00:28:41,133 --> 00:28:44,766 SO IT WAS THE SAME WOMAN BUT WITH DIFFERENT-SIZED PUPILS. 因此，它是具有不同尺寸学生的相同女人。 399 00:28:47,733 --> 00:28:50,566 DILATED EYES ARE, AMONG OTHER THINGS, 在其他事物中，眼睛是膨胀的， 400 00:28:50,666 --> 00:28:54,066 A BIOLOGICAL SIGN OF SEXUAL AROUSAL. 性骚扰的生物学迹象。 401 00:28:54,166 --> 00:28:56,233 THIS WAS TO DRASTICALLY INFLUENCE 这具有极大的影响力 402 00:28:56,333 --> 00:28:59,033 THE CHOICES THAT THE MEN MADE, 男人做出的选择， 403 00:28:59,133 --> 00:29:01,333 BUT WITHOUT THEM BEING AWARE OF IT. 但没有它们，它应该引起人们的注意。 404 00:29:03,066 --> 00:29:05,466 IT TURNS OUT THAT THE MEN FOUND THE WOMEN WITH 结果证明男人找到了女人 405 00:29:05,566 --> 00:29:08,400 DILATED EYES TO BE MORE ATTRACTIVE. 膨胀的眼睛更吸引人。 406 00:29:08,500 --> 00:29:09,833 NOW HERE'S THE IMPORTANT PART. 现在是重要的部分。 407 00:29:09,933 --> 00:29:11,666 NONE OF THE MEN EXPLICITLY NOTICED 没有人明确通知 408 00:29:11,766 --> 00:29:14,766 THAT THERE WAS A DIFFERENCE IN THE SIZE OF THE PUPILS... 小学生的大小有所不同... 409 00:29:14,866 --> 00:29:19,466 AND CRITICALLY, NONE OF THE MEN KNEW THAT DILATED EYES 至关重要的是，没有人知道膨胀的眼睛 410 00:29:19,566 --> 00:29:22,966 IS A BIOLOGICAL SIGN OF SEXUAL READINESS. 是性准备的生物学标志。 411 00:29:23,066 --> 00:29:26,166 BUT THEIR BRAINS KNEW, AND WHAT THEY WERE DOING 但是他们的大脑知道什么，他们在做什么 412 00:29:26,266 --> 00:29:30,066 WAS RUNNING DEEPLY-CARVED EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMS, 当时正在运行深度雕刻的进化程序， 413 00:29:30,166 --> 00:29:33,333 STEERING THEIR DECISION-MAKING TOWARDS THE RIGHT SORT OF MATE. 引导他们做出正确的配偶决策。 414 00:29:35,333 --> 00:29:38,233 THE SUBJECTS' BRAINS WERE RECOGNIZING AND ANALYZING 受试者的大脑已被识别和分析 415 00:29:38,333 --> 00:29:42,400 TINY DETAILS IN THE PICTURES AND ACTING ON THEM. 图片中的小细节以及它们的作用。 416 00:29:48,733 --> 00:29:50,933 ALL OF THIS WAS HAPPENING WITHOUT 所有这些都没有发生 417 00:29:51,033 --> 00:29:53,266 A FLICKER OF CONSCIOUS AWARENESS. 意识觉醒的打扰者。 418 00:29:58,300 --> 00:30:00,866 THIS KIND OF EXPERIMENT REVEALS SOMETHING FUNDAMENTAL 这类实验性基础知识 419 00:30:00,966 --> 00:30:03,000 ABOUT HOW BRAINS OPERATE. 关于大脑如何运作。 420 00:30:03,100 --> 00:30:04,600 THE JOB OF THIS ORGAN IS TO 该机构的工作是 421 00:30:04,700 --> 00:30:06,266 GATHER INFORMATION FROM THE WORLD 来自世界的信息 422 00:30:06,366 --> 00:30:08,633 AND STEER YOUR BEHAVIOR APPROPRIATELY 并适当地引导您的行为 423 00:30:08,733 --> 00:30:10,166 AND IT JUST DOESN'T MATTER WHETHER YOUR 而且无论您身在何方 424 00:30:10,266 --> 00:30:13,666 CONSCIOUS AWARENESS IS INVOLVED IN THAT OR NOT. 是否参与了自觉意识。 425 00:30:13,766 --> 00:30:15,966 AND MOST OF THE TIME, IT'S NOT. 在大多数时间，不是这样。 426 00:30:16,066 --> 00:30:19,133 MOST OF THE TIME, YOU'RE NOT AWARE OF THE DECISIONS 在大多数时间，您对决定一无所知 427 00:30:19,233 --> 00:30:21,333 THAT ARE BEING MADE ON YOUR BEHALF. 代表您的行为。 428 00:30:24,433 --> 00:30:27,400 HESS' EXPERIMENT IS JUST THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG. HESS的经验仅仅是冰山一角。 429 00:30:31,833 --> 00:30:33,566 TODAY, RESEARCHERS HAVE UNCOVERED 如今，研究人员尚未发现 430 00:30:33,666 --> 00:30:37,866 A WHOLE RANGE OF SCENARIOS IN WHICH OUR UNCONSCIOUS BRAINS 我们无知大脑的整个场景范围 431 00:30:37,966 --> 00:30:41,000 MAKE DECISIONS OR CHANGE OUR BEHAVIOR 做出决定或改变我们的行为 432 00:30:41,100 --> 00:30:43,233 WITHOUT US REALIZING WHAT'S HAPPENING. 没有我们意识到发生了什么。 433 00:30:43,333 --> 00:30:44,666 THERE YOU GO. 你去。 434 00:30:44,766 --> 00:30:47,766 EAGLEMAN: HERE ARE JUST A FEW OF THE STRANGER ONES. EAGLEMAN：在这里只是一些奇怪的事情。 435 00:30:50,666 --> 00:30:52,800 IF YOU'RE HOLDING A WARM CUP OF COFFEE, 如果您要拿杯热咖啡， 436 00:30:52,900 --> 00:30:55,366 YOU'LL DESCRIBE YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH YOUR MOTHER 您将描述与母亲的关系 437 00:30:55,466 --> 00:30:58,400 AS CLOSER THAN IF YOU'RE HOLDING AN ICED COFFEE. 如果您要持有冰咖啡的话，请联系我们。 438 00:31:01,666 --> 00:31:04,066 WHEN YOU'RE IN A FOUL-SMELLING ENVIRONMENT, 当您处于令人难忘的环境中时， 439 00:31:04,166 --> 00:31:06,200 YOU MAKE HARSHER MORAL DECISIONS. 您做出了严厉的道德决定。 440 00:31:10,333 --> 00:31:11,833 IF YOU HAPPEN TO FIND YOURSELF SITTING 如果您想自己坐下 441 00:31:11,933 --> 00:31:14,433 NEXT TO SOME HAND SANITIZER, 除了某些手动消毒器， 442 00:31:14,533 --> 00:31:16,633 THAT SHIFTS YOUR POLITICAL OPINIONS 改变您的政治观点 443 00:31:16,733 --> 00:31:19,566 A LITTLE BIT MORE TOWARDS THE CONSERVATIVE SIDE. 保守派方面要略微多一点。 444 00:31:19,666 --> 00:31:21,766 PRESUMABLY BECAUSE IT REMINDS YOUR BRAIN 大概是因为它提醒您的大脑 445 00:31:21,866 --> 00:31:23,833 ABOUT OUTSIDE THREATS. 关于外部威胁。 446 00:31:27,166 --> 00:31:29,366 EVERY DAY, WE'RE INFLUENCED IN COUNTLESS WAYS 每天，我们都会受到无数种方式的影响 447 00:31:29,466 --> 00:31:31,333 BY THE WORLD AROUND US. 由我们周围的世界。 448 00:31:31,433 --> 00:31:34,333 AND MOST OF THIS FLIES COMPLETELY UNDER THE RADAR 在雷达下完全消失 449 00:31:34,433 --> 00:31:36,000 OF OUR CONSCIOUS AWARENESS. 我们的自觉意识。 450 00:31:38,700 --> 00:31:41,466 TOTALLY HIDDEN FROM US, THE UNCONSCIOUS BRAIN IS 完全隐藏在我们的脑海中， 451 00:31:41,566 --> 00:31:44,633 CONTINUALLY REACTING TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD 持续与外界交流 452 00:31:44,733 --> 00:31:46,966 AND MAKING DECISIONS ON OUR BEHALF. 并就我们的行为做出决定。 453 00:31:50,533 --> 00:31:52,800 SO ALL THIS MIGHT LEAVE YOU WONDERING 因此，这一切可能会让您难以置信 454 00:31:52,900 --> 00:31:56,600 WHY AREN'T WE JUST UNCONSCIOUS BEINGS? 为什么我们不只是混混？ 455 00:31:56,700 --> 00:32:01,133 WHAT EXACTLY IS THE POINT OF CONSCIOUSNESS? 意识点到底是什么？ 456 00:32:01,233 --> 00:32:04,933 WELL, WE CAN GATHER THE FIRST CLUE BY LOOKING AT WHAT HAPPENS 好吧，我们可以通过观察发生的事情来收集第一个线索 457 00:32:05,033 --> 00:32:07,833 WHEN WE ENCOUNTER SOMETHING UNEXPECTED. 当我们遇到意外情况时。 458 00:32:17,466 --> 00:32:21,133 ALTHOUGH MOST OF THE TIME, YOUR BRAIN CAN RUN ON AUTOPILOT, 在大多数时间里，您的大脑都可以在自动驾驶仪上运行， 459 00:32:21,233 --> 00:32:24,333 WHEN YOU COME ACROSS SOMETHING YOU WEREN'T EXPECTING... 当您遇到意外时，您不会期望... 460 00:32:28,566 --> 00:32:31,000 YOUR CONSCIOUS MIND IS CALLED INTO ACTION. 您的意识已被付诸实践。 461 00:32:32,866 --> 00:32:36,233 IT WORKS TO FIGURE OUT IF THIS NEW THING IS A THREAT 如果这个新东西是威胁，它会设法解决 462 00:32:36,333 --> 00:32:37,766 OR AN OPPORTUNITY. 或机会。 463 00:32:41,666 --> 00:32:44,233 THIS IS ONE OF THE JOBS OF CONSCIOUSNESS-- 这是意识的工作之一- 464 00:32:44,333 --> 00:32:48,300 TO ASSESS WHAT'S GOING ON... TO MAKE SENSE OF THE SITUATION. 评估正在发生的事情...了解情况。 465 00:33:02,533 --> 00:33:05,133 WHEN YOUR EXPECTATIONS ARE VIOLATED, 违反您的期望时， 466 00:33:05,233 --> 00:33:08,033 CONSCIOUSNESS IS SUMMONED UP TO WORK OUT 意识需要锻炼 467 00:33:08,133 --> 00:33:09,800 THE APPROPRIATE REACTION. 适当的反应。 468 00:33:09,900 --> 00:33:12,633 [BUZZING] [嗡嗡声] 469 00:33:12,733 --> 00:33:15,200 BUT THAT'S ONLY PART OF THE STORY. 但那只是故事的一部分。 470 00:33:15,300 --> 00:33:18,800 CONSCIOUSNESS ISN'T JUST ABOUT REACTING TO UNEXPECTED EVENTS 意识不只是关于意外事件的反应 471 00:33:18,900 --> 00:33:20,333 IN THE OUTSIDE WORLD... 在外面的世界... 472 00:33:22,166 --> 00:33:26,333 IT ALSO PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN RESOLVING INTERNAL CONFLICT 它在解决内部冲突方面也发挥着重要作用 473 00:33:26,433 --> 00:33:30,833 AMONG THE BRAIN'S MANY AUTOMATIC SUBSYSTEMS. 在大脑的许多自动子系统中。 474 00:33:35,433 --> 00:33:38,200 TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE CONSCIOUSNESS PLAYS, 了解角色意识游戏， 475 00:33:38,300 --> 00:33:42,866 I LIKE TO IMAGINE THE BRAIN AS A VAST, SPRAWLING ORGANIZATION... 我想像大脑是一个庞大的，蔓延的组织... 476 00:33:46,100 --> 00:33:51,133 ONE WITH MANY THOUSANDS OF DIVISIONS AND SUBDIVISIONS 一个有成千上万的细分和细分 477 00:33:51,233 --> 00:33:54,200 ALL COLLABORATING AND INTERACTING AND COMPETING. 所有合作，互动和竞争。 478 00:34:02,133 --> 00:34:04,000 I THINK OF CONSCIOUSNESS LIKE 我想有意识 479 00:34:04,100 --> 00:34:07,000 THE CEO OF A LARGE CORPORATION. 一家大型公司的首席执行官。 480 00:34:07,100 --> 00:34:10,199 WHEN A COMPANY IS SMALL, IT DOESN'T NEED A CEO-- 当公司规模很小时，就不需要CEO了， 481 00:34:10,300 --> 00:34:14,466 BUT ONCE AN ORGANIZATION REACHES SUFFICIENT SIZE AND COMPLEXITY, 但一旦组织达到足够的规模和复杂性， 482 00:34:14,566 --> 00:34:18,800 THEN IT NEEDS SOMEONE TO RISE ABOVE THE DAILY DETAILS 然后需要有人在每日详细信息之上 483 00:34:18,900 --> 00:34:20,333 AND TAKE THE LONG VIEW. 并享有远见。 484 00:34:24,933 --> 00:34:27,400 WITHIN THE BRAIN, THERE ARE THOUSANDS OF 在大脑中，有成千上万的 485 00:34:27,500 --> 00:34:32,266 AUTOMATED DEPARTMENTS, EACH WORKING ON ITS OWN TASK. 自动化部门，每项工作均由其自负。 486 00:34:37,566 --> 00:34:40,966 SOME DEPARTMENTS CAN OVERLAP AND COLLABORATE, 某些部门可能会重叠和协作， 487 00:34:41,066 --> 00:34:43,633 BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF THERE'S A CONFLICT BETWEEN THEM? 但是如果他们之间发生冲突，会发生什么？ 488 00:34:45,500 --> 00:34:47,766 SAY YOU'RE HUNGRY BUT YOU'RE ON A DIET. 说您饿了，但您正在饮食中。 489 00:34:50,766 --> 00:34:54,266 OR YOU FEEL SLEEPY BUT YOU HAVE AN IMPORTANT DEADLINE. 否则您会感到困倦，但您有重要的期限。 490 00:34:56,333 --> 00:35:00,166 WHEN THIS HAPPENS, IT'S TIME FOR THE BOSS TO GET A CALL. 当这种情况发生时，是时候让老板打电话了。 491 00:35:00,266 --> 00:35:01,833 [RINGING] [铃声] 492 00:35:08,366 --> 00:35:12,233 IN THE EVENT OF AN INTERNAL CONFLICT, YOUR CONSCIOUS MIND 在发生内部冲突时，您的头脑会很清醒 493 00:35:12,333 --> 00:35:16,666 TRIES TO WORK OUT WHAT'S BEST AND MAKE AN EXECUTIVE DECISION. 尽力而为，尽力而为。 494 00:35:20,033 --> 00:35:22,200 CONSCIOUSNESS IS THE ARBITER OF 意识是人的核心 495 00:35:22,300 --> 00:35:24,333 CONFLICTING MOTIVATIONS IN THE BRAIN. 使大脑中的动机冲突。 496 00:35:28,666 --> 00:35:31,166 IT HAS A UNIQUE VANTAGE POINT, 它有一个独特的点位 497 00:35:31,266 --> 00:35:34,066 ONE THAT NO OTHER PART OF THE BRAIN HAS ACCESS TO. 脑中没有其他部分可以访问。 498 00:35:37,833 --> 00:35:42,166 THINK OF CONSCIOUSNESS AS A WAY FOR TRILLIONS OF CELLS 意识的认识作为万亿细胞的一种方式 499 00:35:42,266 --> 00:35:46,166 TO SEE THEMSELVES AS A UNIFIED WHOLE. 将自己视为一个整体。 500 00:35:46,266 --> 00:35:51,766 IT'S A WAY FOR A COMPLEX SYSTEM TO HOLD UP A MIRROR TO ITSELF. 这是一个复杂的系统保留自己的镜像的方法。 501 00:36:05,100 --> 00:36:07,566 CONSCIOUSNESS IS ONE OF EVOLUTION'S 意识是不断发展的动力之一 502 00:36:07,666 --> 00:36:10,166 GREATEST CREATIONS. 最伟大的创作。 503 00:36:10,266 --> 00:36:12,200 IT ALLOWS THE BRAIN TO ARBITRATE 它允许大脑进行仲裁 504 00:36:12,300 --> 00:36:14,833 THE VAST WORKINGS OF THE UNCONSCIOUS. 艰巨的工作。 505 00:36:16,366 --> 00:36:19,900 IT ALLOWS THE BRAIN TO REACT TO UNEXPECTED EVENTS. 它允许大脑对意外事件做出反应。 506 00:36:22,033 --> 00:36:24,833 AND IT ALLOWS THE BRAIN TO SEE ITSELF. 并且让脑筋急转弯。 507 00:36:28,133 --> 00:36:31,366 IN ACTING AS A LONG-TERM PLANNER, 作为长期计划者， 508 00:36:31,466 --> 00:36:34,766 CONSCIOUSNESS HAS LED US TO BECOME THE MOST SUCCESSFUL 意识使我们成为最成功的人 509 00:36:34,866 --> 00:36:36,766 SPECIES ON THE PLANET. 行星上的物种。 510 00:36:42,300 --> 00:36:46,266 BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF CONSCIOUSNESS GOES OFFLINE, 但是，如果意识离线，会发生什么， 511 00:36:46,366 --> 00:36:49,033 IF THE UNCONSCIOUS PARTS OF OUR BRAIN 如果我们的大脑不协调 512 00:36:49,133 --> 00:36:52,666 ARE GIVEN COMPLETE CONTROL OF OUR ACTIONS? 是否已完全控制我们的行动？ 513 00:36:56,266 --> 00:37:00,400 IN TORONTO IN 1987, A 23-YEAR-OLD MAN 1987年在多伦多，一个23岁的男人 514 00:37:00,500 --> 00:37:03,233 NAMED KEN PARKS WOULD FIND OUT. 肯公园的名字将被发现。 515 00:37:06,166 --> 00:37:08,633 THE INCIDENT BEGAN WHEN HE FELL ASLEEP 当他失眠时开始 516 00:37:08,733 --> 00:37:10,333 IN FRONT OF HIS TELEVISION. 在他的电视节目前。 517 00:37:12,333 --> 00:37:15,200 MAN: HE WENT TO SLEEP, AND HE WOKE UP, 男人：他睡觉了，醒了， 518 00:37:15,300 --> 00:37:17,800 MAYBE PERHAPS AN HOUR LATER. 可能会晚一些。 519 00:37:17,900 --> 00:37:21,233 NO. I SHOULDN'T SAY HE WOKE UP. HE GOT UP. 没有。 520 00:37:21,333 --> 00:37:22,833 A BIG, BIG DIFFERENCE. 巨大的差异。 521 00:37:25,633 --> 00:37:29,033 HE, UH, LEFT THE HOUSE WITH HIS KEYS, 他，呃，用他的钥匙离开了房子， 522 00:37:29,133 --> 00:37:32,466 DID NOT LOCK THE DOOR, WHICH HE NORMALLY DOES, 正常情况下他没有锁门， 523 00:37:32,566 --> 00:37:38,266 GOT INTO HIS CAR, HE DROVE 23 OR 24 KILOMETERS... 钻进自己的汽车，他拖了23或24公里... 524 00:37:42,066 --> 00:37:44,033 MADE 4 RIGHT-HAND TURNS... 进行了4次右转弯... 525 00:37:51,133 --> 00:37:54,033 ENDED UP IN HIS IN-LAWS' DRIVEWAY, 结束了他不存在的车道， 526 00:37:54,133 --> 00:37:56,766 ENTERED THROUGH THE BASEMENT WHERE THEY SLEPT... 通过他们进入的地下室进入... 527 00:37:58,366 --> 00:38:00,766 STRANGLED HIS FATHER-IN-LAW NOT TO THE POINT OF DEATH 勒索他的岳父不至于死亡 528 00:38:00,866 --> 00:38:04,000 BUT STRANGLED HIM TO THE POINT WHERE HE WAS IMMOBILE. 但是将他固定在固定位置。 529 00:38:04,100 --> 00:38:07,066 HE THEN WENT TO THE KITCHEN OR... 然后，他去了厨房或... 530 00:38:07,166 --> 00:38:12,000 FOUND A LONG KNIFE AND STABBED HIS MOTHER-IN-LAW, UM, 发现了一把长刀并被他的母亲婆婆咬伤， 531 00:38:12,100 --> 00:38:16,533 5 OR 6 TIMES AND BEAT HER WITH SOMETHING WHERE, I MEAN, 5到6次并击败她，我的意思是， 532 00:38:16,633 --> 00:38:18,333 TO THE POINT WHERE SHE FRACTURED HER SKULL. 到她骨折的点。 533 00:38:21,266 --> 00:38:25,833 KEN THEN LEFT THEIR HOUSE AND DROVE ABOUT A BLOCK AWAY 肯然后离开他们的房子，驶离一个街区 534 00:38:25,933 --> 00:38:27,333 TO THE POLICE STATION. 到警察局。 535 00:38:28,866 --> 00:38:31,600 WALKED IN, HANDS BLEEDING, 走进来，需要流血， 536 00:38:31,700 --> 00:38:36,800 AND HE WENT OVER TO SOMEONE WHO CAME TO HIS ASSISTANCE AND SAID, 然后他去找他的人表示援助和帮助， 537 00:38:36,900 --> 00:38:39,433 "I THINK I'VE JUST KILLED SOMEBODY." “我想我只是杀了某人。” 538 00:38:39,533 --> 00:38:42,966 EAGLEMAN: TO MOST PEOPLE, KEN'S GUILT SEEMED OBVIOUS, EAGLEMAN：对大多数人来说，KEN的罪恶感显而易见， 539 00:38:43,066 --> 00:38:45,466 BUT HE APPEARED TO HAVE NO MEMORY 但他似乎没有记忆 540 00:38:45,566 --> 00:38:47,766 OF WHAT HAD HAPPENED OR HOW. 发生或如何发生的 541 00:38:49,500 --> 00:38:52,566 KEN WAS LYING IN A BED 肯躺在床上 542 00:38:52,666 --> 00:39:01,066 WITH HIS HANDS COMPLETELY BANDAGED, UM, AND WAS BEWILDERED. 与他的手完全捆绑，嗯，被混为一谈。 543 00:39:01,166 --> 00:39:06,533 THAT'S THE WAY TO DESCRIBE HIM--COMPLETELY BEWILDERED, 这就是描述他的方式-完全是愚蠢的， 544 00:39:06,633 --> 00:39:12,266 LOST, UNABLE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT HAD HAPPENED, 迷失了，无法理解发生了什么， 545 00:39:12,366 --> 00:39:15,966 WHY IT HAD HAPPENED, AND SOME PART OF HIM 为什么会发生，以及他的某些部分 546 00:39:16,066 --> 00:39:18,333 WANTED TO ASK THE QUESTION, WHO DID IT? 想问这个问题吗？ 547 00:39:20,033 --> 00:39:22,833 EAGLEMAN: KEN HAD A GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH HIS IN-LAWS EAGLEMAN：KEN与他的法律欠佳有着良好的关系 548 00:39:22,933 --> 00:39:26,733 AND EVERYONE AGREED HE HAD NO MOTIVE FOR THE CRIME. 每个人都同意他没有犯罪动机。 549 00:39:26,833 --> 00:39:29,666 MARLYS BEGAN TO SUSPECT THAT SOMETHING MUST HAVE 马里斯开始怀疑某些事情 550 00:39:29,766 --> 00:39:33,733 GONE WRONG IN KEN'S BRAIN AND SHE ASSEMBLED A TEAM OF EXPERTS 肯的​​大脑和她的思维失误组建了专家团队 551 00:39:33,833 --> 00:39:35,933 TO HELP FIGURE OUT WHAT. 帮助弄清楚什么。 552 00:39:36,033 --> 00:39:38,366 THEY SOON BEGAN TO SUSPECT THE EVENTS 他们很快开始怀疑事件 553 00:39:38,466 --> 00:39:41,333 MIGHT BE CONNECTED TO KEN'S SLEEP. 可能与KEN的睡眠有关。 554 00:39:45,500 --> 00:39:48,566 IN PRISON, KEN WAS VISITED BY SLEEP EXPERT 睡眠专家在监狱里拜访了肯 555 00:39:48,666 --> 00:39:50,333 DR. ROGER BROUGHTON. 博士 556 00:39:52,233 --> 00:39:55,166 HIS FINDINGS WERE TO PROVE A REVELATION. 他的发现证明了一种启示。 557 00:39:56,233 --> 00:39:57,833 TURRALL: THEY WIRED HIM UP... 特瑞尔：他们把他弄坏了…… 558 00:40:00,333 --> 00:40:01,933 AND THEY WATCHED 并被观看 559 00:40:02,033 --> 00:40:04,300 HIS SLEEP PATTERN FOR THE FIRST NIGHT. 他的睡眠模式是第一夜。 560 00:40:04,400 --> 00:40:08,133 AND THEN THE SECOND NIGHT THEY WOKE HIM UP OCCASIONALLY TO SEE 然后在第二个晚上偶尔进行调整 561 00:40:08,233 --> 00:40:10,333 HOW FAST HE WOULD GO BACK TO SLEEP. 他将如何快速回到睡眠状态。 562 00:40:15,866 --> 00:40:22,133 AND THEN THEY DETERMINED THAT THE PROFILE OF THE SLEEP PATTERN 然后他们确定了睡眠模式的概况 563 00:40:22,233 --> 00:40:26,366 WAS CONSISTENT WITH THAT OF A SLEEPWALKER 与睡眠者一致 564 00:40:26,466 --> 00:40:31,466 THAT COULD MOVE INVOLUNTARILY 可能会主动移动 565 00:40:31,566 --> 00:40:33,766 AND DO SPECIFIC KINDS OF ACTIONS. 并采取特定的行动。 566 00:40:38,166 --> 00:40:40,000 EAGLEMAN: AS THE TEAM BEGAN INVESTIGATING, EAGLEMAN：随着团队开始调查， 567 00:40:40,100 --> 00:40:42,733 THEY FOUND SLEEP DISORDERS OF ALL KINDS 他们发现所有类型的睡眠障碍 568 00:40:42,833 --> 00:40:44,966 THROUGHOUT KEN'S EXTENDED FAMILY. 遍及肯的大家庭。 569 00:40:47,500 --> 00:40:51,233 WITH NO MOTIVE, NO WAY TO FAKE HIS SLEEP RESULTS, 没有动力，没有办法获得他的睡眠结果， 570 00:40:51,333 --> 00:40:55,066 AND SUCH EXTENSIVE FAMILY HISTORY OF SLEEP PROBLEMS, 以及睡眠问题的广泛家庭历史， 571 00:40:55,166 --> 00:40:58,033 KEN WAS ACQUITTED OF THE MURDER CHARGE. 肯获得谋杀罪的指控。 572 00:40:59,900 --> 00:41:03,000 EDWARDH: THE VERDICT WAS STUNNING. 爱德华：VERDICT令人震惊。 573 00:41:03,100 --> 00:41:06,066 IT WAS A MORAL VINDICATION FOR KEN, 这是KEN的道德诉求， 574 00:41:06,166 --> 00:41:08,966 IT WASN'T THAT HE DIDN'T... DIDN'T DO IT, 那不是他没有...没有做， 575 00:41:09,066 --> 00:41:12,866 BUT THERE WAS NO FAULT ASSOCIATED WITH IT. 但是没有任何故障。 576 00:41:12,966 --> 00:41:15,466 HE DIDN'T WISH IT TO HAPPEN, HE DIDN'T WILL IT TO HAPPEN, 他不想发生，他不想发生， 577 00:41:15,566 --> 00:41:17,433 THERE WAS NOTHING HE COULD DO TO STOP IT. 没什么可阻止的。 578 00:41:17,533 --> 00:41:20,033 IT WAS COMPLETELY OUTSIDE HIS CONTROL. 它完全超出了他的控制范围。 579 00:41:20,133 --> 00:41:22,833 THE JUDGE LEANED DOWN AND SAID, "MR. PARKS, YOU'RE FREE TO GO." 法官慢下来说：“帕克斯先生，您可以自由走动。” 580 00:41:24,566 --> 00:41:27,833 OPENED THE DOOR AND WALKED OUT WITH ME. 打开门，和我一起散步。 581 00:41:32,333 --> 00:41:35,566 EAGLEMAN: AFTER THE TRIAL, KEN WAS PRESCRIBED MEDICATION EAGLEMAN：试用后，Ken被处方了药物 582 00:41:35,666 --> 00:41:38,666 FOR HIS SLEEP DISORDER, AND IT WAS DECIDED THAT 对于他的睡眠障碍，它的决定 583 00:41:38,766 --> 00:41:41,466 HE NO LONGER POSED A RISK TO THOSE AROUND HIM. 他再也没有对周围的危险承担任何风险。 584 00:41:42,833 --> 00:41:46,200 THE CASE ILLUSTRATES THAT PEOPLE CAN CARRY OUT 案例说明人们可以进行 585 00:41:46,300 --> 00:41:49,566 EXTREME AND SOPHISTICATED BEHAVIORS 极端和复杂的行为 586 00:41:49,666 --> 00:41:51,400 WITH NO CONSCIOUS AWARENESS. 没有明显的意识。 587 00:42:11,133 --> 00:42:16,000 OUR UNCONSCIOUS BRAINS STEER OUR BEHAVIOR, 我们无知的大脑会引导我们的行为， 588 00:42:16,100 --> 00:42:18,833 BUT HOW DO OUR BRAINS COME TO BE THE WAY THEY ARE? 但是我们的大脑将如何发展？ 589 00:42:20,700 --> 00:42:22,966 WHY ARE THERE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN US, 为什么我们之间存在差异， 590 00:42:23,066 --> 00:42:24,966 MAKING YOU AND ME BEHAVE DIFFERENTLY 让你和我表现不同 591 00:42:25,066 --> 00:42:27,966 WHEN FACED WITH THE SAME CHOICES? 何时面对相同的选择？ 592 00:42:28,066 --> 00:42:31,866 TO ANSWER THIS, WE NEED TO LOOK ONE LEVEL DEEPER 为了回答这个问题，我们需要寻找一个水平的深者 593 00:42:31,966 --> 00:42:37,766 TO HOW OUR BRAINS GET BUILT, AND THAT BEGINS WITH OUR GENES. 我们的大脑如何建立，并从我们的基因开始。 594 00:42:40,466 --> 00:42:42,366 THE GENES YOU COME TO THE TABLE WITH 您来到桌上的基因 595 00:42:42,466 --> 00:42:45,533 CAN HAVE AN ENORMOUS INFLUENCE ON YOUR BEHAVIOR. 会对您的行为产生巨大影响。 596 00:42:45,633 --> 00:42:48,566 CONSIDER THIS: ABOUT HALF OF THE POPULATION CARRIES 考虑这一点：关于一半的人口携带者 597 00:42:48,666 --> 00:42:50,966 A PARTICULAR SET OF GENES. 一组特殊的基因。 598 00:42:51,066 --> 00:42:53,800 AND IF YOU HAVE THESE, YOUR CHANCES OF COMMITTING 并且如果您有这些，您的承诺机会 599 00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:58,733 A VIOLENT CRIME GO UP BY 882%. 暴力犯罪上升了882％。 600 00:42:58,833 --> 00:43:02,400 THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF PRISONERS CARRY THESE GENES, 绝大多数犯人携带着这些基因， 601 00:43:02,500 --> 00:43:05,533 AS DOES ALMOST EVERYONE ON DEATH ROW. 几乎每个人都死了。 602 00:43:05,633 --> 00:43:09,266 SO WE CAN'T PRESUME THAT EVERYONE IS COMING TO THE TABLE 因此，我们无法推论每个人都在桌子上 603 00:43:09,366 --> 00:43:13,433 EQUALLY EQUIPPED IN TERMS OF DRIVES AND BEHAVIORS. 等同于驱动器和行为的术语。 604 00:43:13,533 --> 00:43:16,200 BY THE WAY, WE SUMMARIZE THIS SET OF GENES 顺便说一下，我们总结了这组基因 605 00:43:16,300 --> 00:43:18,166 AS THE Y CHROMOSOME. 作为Y染色体。 606 00:43:18,266 --> 00:43:21,333 IF YOU'RE A CARRIER, WE CALL YOU A MALE. 如果您是运营商，我们可以打电话给您。 607 00:43:23,433 --> 00:43:27,366 OBVIOUSLY, YOUR GENDER IS DETERMINED BY YOUR GENES, 显然，您的性别是由您的基因决定的， 608 00:43:27,466 --> 00:43:31,600 BUT FROM THERE, HOW YOUR DNA RELATES TO YOUR BEHAVIOR 但从那里开始，您的DNA与您的行为有何关系 609 00:43:31,700 --> 00:43:34,333 BECOMES A LITTLE MORE COMPLEX. 变得更加复杂。 610 00:43:34,433 --> 00:43:36,266 BECAUSE ALTHOUGH YOU COME TO THE TABLE 因为您来到桌子前 611 00:43:36,366 --> 00:43:38,466 WITH A FIXED PATTERN OF DNA, 固定的DNA模式 612 00:43:38,566 --> 00:43:44,433 NOT EVERY ONE OF YOUR GENES WILL GET THE CHANCE TO PLAY A PART. 并非每个人都拥有参与其中的机会。 613 00:43:44,533 --> 00:43:48,600 GENETICS IS ONLY PART OF THE STORY OF WHO YOU BECOME. 遗传学只是您成为谁的故事的一部分。 614 00:43:48,700 --> 00:43:52,400 BECAUSE WHICH OF YOUR GENES EXPRESS, AND WHEN-- 因为您的基因表达出来，并且 615 00:43:52,500 --> 00:43:56,433 THIS IS INFLUENCED BY THE DETAILS OF YOUR ENVIRONMENT. 这受您的环境详细信息的影响。 616 00:43:56,533 --> 00:43:58,866 SO THE FAMILY THAT YOU'RE BORN INTO 因此，您成为一个家庭 617 00:43:58,966 --> 00:44:02,566 AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND THE CULTURE YOU FIND YOURSELF IN-- 以及您发现自己的近邻和文化 618 00:44:02,666 --> 00:44:05,333 ALL OF THESE INTERACT WITH YOUR GENETICS. 所有这些都与您的遗传学互动。 619 00:44:05,433 --> 00:44:07,533 AND THIS SENDS BRAINS OFF ON 并且这发送大脑关闭 620 00:44:07,633 --> 00:44:10,033 VERY DIFFERENT LIFE TRAJECTORIES. 不同的生活轨迹。 621 00:44:10,133 --> 00:44:11,366 [RUMBLING] [咕MB] 622 00:44:11,466 --> 00:44:14,133 THE ACTIVITY OF OUR BILLIONS OF NEURONS 我们十亿个神经元的活动 623 00:44:14,233 --> 00:44:17,833 IS SHAPED BY THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL WORLD. 由内部和外部世界塑造。 624 00:44:19,900 --> 00:44:23,566 BOTH OUR GENETICS AND OUR ENVIRONMENT COLLABORATE 我们的遗传学和我们的环境合作 625 00:44:23,666 --> 00:44:27,333 TO BUILD OUR BRAINS AND THEREBY STEER OUR BEHAVIOR. 建立我们的大脑，从而引导我们的行为。 626 00:44:30,233 --> 00:44:34,000 PUT THE SAME INFANT BRAIN IN A DIFFERENT TIME OR PLACE, 在不同的时间或地点放置相同的婴儿大脑， 627 00:44:34,100 --> 00:44:36,700 AND IT WILL MOLD TO FIT THAT SETTING. 并且它将适合这种设置。 628 00:44:38,933 --> 00:44:43,133 CULTURE... 文化... 629 00:44:43,233 --> 00:44:47,933 IDEAS... 想法... 630 00:44:48,033 --> 00:44:49,933 BELIEF SYSTEMS... 信仰系统... 631 00:44:50,033 --> 00:44:52,866 ALL THESE VARIABLES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT 我们环境中的所有这些变量 632 00:44:52,966 --> 00:44:55,933 INTERACT WITH OUR GENES TO PHYSICALLY CHANGE 与我们的基因互动以进行物理改变 633 00:44:56,033 --> 00:44:57,866 THE STRUCTURE OF OUR BRAINS. 我们的大脑结构。 634 00:44:59,633 --> 00:45:04,566 AND THIS IN TURN DEFINES WHO WE HAVE THE CHANCE TO BECOME. 而这反过来又定义了我们有成为机会的机会。 635 00:45:08,533 --> 00:45:12,133 OUR FREEDOM IS CONSTRAINED BY THE WORLD 我们的自由受到世界的约束 636 00:45:12,233 --> 00:45:14,333 WE HAPPEN TO DROP INTO. 我们不得不跳入。 637 00:45:17,633 --> 00:45:21,066 WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE BRAIN THIS WAY, IT SEEMS CLEAR THAT 当您以这种方式查看大脑时，它看起来很清晰 638 00:45:21,166 --> 00:45:24,266 WE'RE NOT THE ONES STEERING OUR OWN LIVES, 我们不是ONES掌控自己的人生， 639 00:45:24,366 --> 00:45:27,833 AT LEAST NOT NEARLY AS MUCH AS WE'D LIKE TO BELIEVE. 至少不像我们所相信的那样多。 640 00:45:34,433 --> 00:45:37,166 ALL THIS MIGHT LEAVE YOU WONDERING WHETHER 所有这一切可能会让您感到困惑 641 00:45:37,266 --> 00:45:41,233 THE CONSCIOUS MIND IS EVER TRULY IN CONTROL. 意识始终处于控制之中。 642 00:45:41,333 --> 00:45:44,233 ARE THERE ANY DECISIONS THAT CAN BE MADE 是否有任何可以做出的决定 643 00:45:44,333 --> 00:45:46,233 INDEPENDENTLY OF YOUR HISTORY? 独立于您的历史？ 644 00:45:49,966 --> 00:45:53,033 DO YOU HAVE FREE WILL OF ANY KIND? 您有任何免费的遗嘱吗？ 645 00:46:03,100 --> 00:46:05,966 IT'S A QUESTION PHILOSOPHERS AND SCIENTISTS 这是一个问题的哲学家和科学家 646 00:46:06,066 --> 00:46:08,233 HAVE GRAPPLED WITH FOR CENTURIES, 已经掌握了几个世纪 647 00:46:08,333 --> 00:46:10,833 BUT IN THE LAST FEW YEARS, A SMALL NUMBER OF 但是在最近的几年中， 648 00:46:10,933 --> 00:46:14,833 NEUROSCIENCE STUDIES HAVE BEGUN MAKING INROADS INTO THE PROBLEM. 神经科学研究已经开始使这个问题陷入困境。 649 00:46:19,300 --> 00:46:21,166 MAN: WE GENERALLY THINK THAT 男人：我们通常会认为 650 00:46:21,266 --> 00:46:24,266 WHEN WE CHOOSE TO DO SOMETHING, 当我们选择做某事时， 651 00:46:24,366 --> 00:46:26,333 THAT THERE MUST BE SOME ACTIVITY IN THE BRAIN 脑中一定有活动 652 00:46:26,433 --> 00:46:29,166 THAT HAS TO DO WITH THAT THING OF CHOOSING. 这与选择的事情有关。 653 00:46:29,266 --> 00:46:32,666 BUT IT APPEARS THAT NOTHING IN WHAT WE CAN 但是它显示了我们所能做到的一切 654 00:46:32,766 --> 00:46:35,733 RECORD IN BRAIN ACTIVITY CLEARLY POINTS TO 大脑活动的记录很明显 655 00:46:35,833 --> 00:46:39,966 SOMETHING IN THE BRAIN ASCRIBED TO THIS THING OF 脑中的某些东西 656 00:46:40,066 --> 00:46:41,766 CHOICE OF FREE WILL. 选择免费。 657 00:46:43,566 --> 00:46:45,266 EAGLEMAN: THE MYSTERY OF FREE WILL EAGLEMAN：自由意志的奥秘 658 00:46:45,366 --> 00:46:47,633 HAS INTRIGUED MANY NEUROSCIENTISTS, 吸引了许多神经科学家， 659 00:46:47,733 --> 00:46:50,800 BUT ALVARO AND HIS TEAM WOULD BE THE FIRST TO EXPLORE IT 但是阿尔瓦罗和他的团队将是第一个探索它的人 660 00:46:50,900 --> 00:46:52,233 USING A TECHNIQUE KNOWN AS 使用称为AS的技术 661 00:46:52,333 --> 00:46:56,266 TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION, OR TMS. 经颅磁刺激或TMS。 662 00:47:06,666 --> 00:47:10,533 PASCUAL-LEONE: TMS, IT'S REALLY A WAY TO INDUCE CURRENT PASCUAL-LEONE：TMS，这确实是一种产生电流的方法 663 00:47:10,633 --> 00:47:14,533 IN A SPECIFIC TARGET OF THE CORTEX OF THE BRAIN 在大脑皮层的特定目标中 664 00:47:14,633 --> 00:47:17,733 WITHOUT HAVING TO DO SURGERY, WITHOUT HAVING TO OPEN UP 没有做手术，没有开放 665 00:47:17,833 --> 00:47:20,366 THE SKULL OR THE SKIN. 头骨还是皮肤。 666 00:47:20,466 --> 00:47:24,266 EAGLEMAN: TMS CAN BE USED TO INITIATE INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT. EAGLEMAN：可以使用TMS启动非自愿运动。 667 00:47:25,866 --> 00:47:27,833 THIS WOULD LEAD ALVARO TO DESIGN 这将领先ALVARO进行设计 668 00:47:27,933 --> 00:47:31,233 A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT TO EXPLORE FREE WILL. 一个简单的实验来探索免费电话。 669 00:47:32,900 --> 00:47:34,266 WHAT WE WANT YOU TO DO IS 我们想要您做的是 670 00:47:34,366 --> 00:47:36,266 LOOK AT THAT COMPUTER SCREEN. 查看该计算机屏幕。 671 00:47:39,833 --> 00:47:42,800 EAGLEMAN: WHEN PARTICIPANTS SAW A RED LIGHT ON SCREEN, 主持人：当参与者在屏幕上看到红灯时， 672 00:47:42,900 --> 00:47:45,466 THEY HAD TO DECIDE WHICH HAND THEY WERE GOING TO MOVE, 他们必须决定要移动的人， 673 00:47:45,566 --> 00:47:47,266 BUT NOT ACTUALLY MAKE THE MOVEMENT. 但是实际上并没有进行动作。 674 00:47:48,900 --> 00:47:52,266 WHEN THE LIGHT TURNED YELLOW, THEY WERE GIVEN A BURST OF TMS. 当光线变成黄色时，它们发出了TMS突发信号。 675 00:47:54,633 --> 00:47:56,833 WHEN THE LIGHT WENT GREEN, THEY SIMPLY HAD TO 当光线变为绿色时，它们仅需 676 00:47:56,933 --> 00:47:59,266 MOVE THE HAND THAT THEY HAD CHOSEN. 移动已选择的手。 677 00:48:01,133 --> 00:48:02,733 ALVARO FOUND THAT BY TARGETING 阿尔瓦罗通过定位发现了这一点 678 00:48:02,833 --> 00:48:05,533 CERTAIN AREAS OF THE BRAIN WITH TMS, 使用TMS的大脑的某些区域， 679 00:48:05,633 --> 00:48:08,833 HE COULD MAKE PARTICIPANTS CHANGE THEIR MIND. 他可以让参与者改变他们的想法。 680 00:48:15,833 --> 00:48:17,600 PASCUAL-LEONE: SO WHAT HAPPENED THERE? 帕斯卡尔·利昂：发生了什么？ 681 00:48:17,700 --> 00:48:19,600 I SEEMED TO HAVE PLANNED TO MOVE MY RIGHT, 我似乎想行使自己的权利， 682 00:48:19,700 --> 00:48:22,566 BUT THEN AT THE LAST SECOND, I CHANGED MY MIND. 但是在第二秒，我改变了主意。 683 00:48:22,666 --> 00:48:23,933 I'M NOT SURE WHY. 我不确定为什么。 684 00:48:24,033 --> 00:48:26,233 THIS IS THE TMS RESPONSE. 这是TMS的回应。 685 00:48:26,333 --> 00:48:28,633 YOU SEE A LITTLE PAUSE AND THEN THIS SQUIGGLY LINE 您看到一点暂停，然后这条弯线 686 00:48:28,733 --> 00:48:31,133 IS THE VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT. 是自愿运动。 687 00:48:31,233 --> 00:48:33,400 EAGLEMAN: IT WAS CLEAR THAT TMS WAS CAUSING EAGLEMAN：显然是TMS的起因 688 00:48:33,500 --> 00:48:35,966 THE PARTICIPANT'S MOVEMENTS. 参与者的动作。 689 00:48:36,066 --> 00:48:39,266 AND YET MANY PEOPLE REMAINED CONVINCED THAT THEY HAD MADE 和许多人仍然坚信他们已经做出了 690 00:48:39,366 --> 00:48:42,166 CHOICES WITH THEIR OWN FREE WILL. 有免费选择的选择。 691 00:48:42,266 --> 00:48:45,366 PASCUAL-LEONE: MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, A SUBJECT WOULD SAY, PASCUAL-LEONE：一个人经常说， 692 00:48:45,466 --> 00:48:47,733 "I DID THAT." “我做到了。” 693 00:48:47,833 --> 00:48:52,066 WE WOULD LOOK AT THE RECORDINGS AND SAY, "NO. NO, YOU DIDN'T." 我们会看记录，然后说：“不，不，您没有。” 694 00:48:52,166 --> 00:48:55,800 THEY'D SAY, "OH, YEAH, SURE, SURE, I DID, I DID." 他们说：“哦，是的，当然，我要，我要。” 695 00:48:55,900 --> 00:48:59,033 SO THAT WAS STRIKING BECAUSE IT TURNED OUT SUBJECTS INTERPRET 之所以如此着迷，是因为它引起了主题解释 696 00:48:59,133 --> 00:49:04,000 ANYTHING THAT MOVED AS THEIR OWN CHOICE EVEN THOUGH IT WASN'T. 即使没有，也可以根据自己的选择进行移动。 697 00:49:04,100 --> 00:49:06,366 EAGLEMAN: ALVARO'S EXPERIMENT REVEALS HOW GOOD EAGLEMAN：ALVARO的实验显示效果如何 698 00:49:06,466 --> 00:49:09,333 THE CONSCIOUS MIND IS AT TELLING ITSELF 意识已经告诉自己 699 00:49:09,433 --> 00:49:11,533 THAT A FREE CHOICE HAS BEEN MADE... 做出了免费选择... 700 00:49:11,633 --> 00:49:14,400 EVEN WHEN IT HASN'T. 即使没有。 701 00:49:14,500 --> 00:49:17,233 DEMONSTRATIONS LIKE THESE ARE TANTALIZING, 像这些有趣的示威活动， 702 00:49:17,333 --> 00:49:20,233 BUT THE TRUTH IS SCIENCE HAS YET TO DEVISE 但是，真相尚待开发 703 00:49:20,333 --> 00:49:23,800 A CONCLUSIVE EXPERIMENT THAT PROVES OR DISPROVES 证明或反对的结论性实验 704 00:49:23,900 --> 00:49:25,300 THE EXISTENCE OF FREE WILL. 存在的免费意愿。 705 00:49:27,133 --> 00:49:29,633 IT MAY BE THAT OUR SCIENCE IS JUST TOO YOUNG 可能只是我们的科学还太年轻 706 00:49:29,733 --> 00:49:32,733 TO KNOW HOW TO LOOK FOR IT, OR IT MIGHT TURN OUT 知道如何查找它，或者它可能会失效 707 00:49:32,833 --> 00:49:35,833 THAT FREE WILL IS SIMPLY AN ILLUSION. 免费将只是一种错觉。 708 00:49:37,533 --> 00:49:40,433 BUT IF WE REALLY DON'T HAVE IT AT ALL, 但如果我们真的根本没有， 709 00:49:40,533 --> 00:49:42,566 WHAT WOULD THAT MEAN FOR OUR LIVES? 这对我们的生活有什么意义？ 710 00:49:44,933 --> 00:49:47,033 WHAT IF THERE IS NO FREE WILL? 如果没有免费会怎样？ 711 00:49:47,133 --> 00:49:50,000 WHAT IF WE'RE JUST SYSTEMS THAT MOVE FROM ONE STATE TO THE NEXT 如果我们只是从一个状态移到下一个状态的系统 712 00:49:50,100 --> 00:49:52,666 IN A COMPLETELY PREDICTABLE MANNER? 以完全可预测的方式？ 713 00:49:52,766 --> 00:49:54,633 A LIFE THAT'S TOTALLY PREDICTABLE LIKE THAT 完全可以预测的生活 714 00:49:54,733 --> 00:49:57,533 WOULDN'T REALLY BE WORTH LIVING OUT, WOULD IT? 真的不值得一试吗？ 715 00:49:57,633 --> 00:50:00,733 BUT THE GOOD NEWS IS THIS: IN PRACTICE, 但好消息是这样的：在实践中， 716 00:50:00,833 --> 00:50:03,000 PREDICTABILITY IS IMPOSSIBLE. 可预测性是不可能的。 717 00:50:03,100 --> 00:50:06,333 LET ME SHOW YOU WHAT I MEAN WITH A SIMPLE PING-PONG BALL. 让我向您展示一个简单的乒乓球的意义。 718 00:50:09,400 --> 00:50:11,633 AS THE BALL ENTERS THE BOX, 当球进入盒子时， 719 00:50:11,733 --> 00:50:14,566 IT'S POSSIBLE TO PREDICT VERY ACCURATELY 可能会非常准确地预测 720 00:50:14,666 --> 00:50:15,966 WHERE IT'S GOING TO LAND. 在哪里着陆。 721 00:50:18,533 --> 00:50:21,200 BUT AS IT BEGINS TO TRIGGER OTHER BALLS, 但是开始触发其他球， 722 00:50:21,300 --> 00:50:23,600 THINGS START TO BECOME MORE COMPLEX. 事情开始变得更加复杂。 723 00:50:30,033 --> 00:50:33,866 ANY ERROR IN THE INITIAL PREDICTION, NO MATTER HOW SMALL, 初始预测中有任何错误，无论如何， 724 00:50:33,966 --> 00:50:36,866 BECOMES MAGNIFIED AS BALLS COLLIDE 在球聚集时被放大 725 00:50:36,966 --> 00:50:40,266 AND BOUNCE OFF THE SIDES AND TRIGGER OTHER BALLS. 然后弹开侧面并触发其他球。 726 00:50:44,366 --> 00:50:47,333 SOON IT BECOMES COMPLETELY IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE 很快就完全不可能做到 727 00:50:47,433 --> 00:50:51,000 ANY KIND OF PREDICTION ABOUT HOW THE BALLS WILL END UP. 关于球如何结束的任何预测。 728 00:50:54,766 --> 00:50:57,966 THE BALLS HAVE NO CHOICE IN THE DIRECTION THEY MOVE... 球在移动方向上没有选择... 729 00:50:58,066 --> 00:51:01,866 THEY HAVE NO FREEDOM TO DO IT DIFFERENTLY... 他们没有自由做不同的事情... 730 00:51:01,966 --> 00:51:06,333 AND YET THE SYSTEM IS COMPLETELY IMPOSSIBLE TO PREDICT. 而且，该系统完全无法预测。 731 00:51:20,866 --> 00:51:25,833 YOUR THOUGHTS AND YOUR FEELINGS AND YOUR DECISIONS: 您的想法，感受和决定： 732 00:51:25,933 --> 00:51:29,433 ALL OF THESE EMERGE FROM THE INNUMERABLE, ONGOING 无数的，持续的所有这些新兴事物 733 00:51:29,533 --> 00:51:31,933 INTERACTIONS IN YOUR BRAIN. 与您的大脑互动。 734 00:51:32,033 --> 00:51:35,200 THIS BOX HAS 150 PING-PONG BALLS IN IT, 这个盒子里有150个乒乓球 735 00:51:35,300 --> 00:51:38,633 BUT YOUR BRAIN HAS BILLIONS OF TIMES MORE INTERACTIONS 让您的大脑拥有数十亿次的更多互动 736 00:51:38,733 --> 00:51:40,400 THAN THAT EVERY SECOND. 比每个第二。 737 00:51:40,500 --> 00:51:42,766 AND FOR YOUR WHOLE LIFE, IT NEVER STOPS. 为了您的整个生命，它永远不会停止。 738 00:51:44,733 --> 00:51:48,433 WHAT'S MORE, EACH INDIVIDUAL BRAIN IS EMBEDDED IN 更重要的是，每个单独的大脑都嵌入其中 739 00:51:48,533 --> 00:51:52,400 A WORLD OF OTHER PEOPLE'S BRAINS. 其他人的大脑世界。 740 00:51:52,500 --> 00:51:56,600 THE NEURONS OF EVERY HUMAN ON THE PLANET FIRE AND INTERACT 行星起火和互动中每个人的神经元 741 00:51:56,700 --> 00:51:58,800 AND INFLUENCE EACH OTHER, 和影响彼此， 742 00:51:58,900 --> 00:52:02,566 CREATING A SYSTEM OF UNIMAGINABLE COMPLEXITY. 创建难以想象的复杂性的系统。 743 00:52:05,066 --> 00:52:10,033 THIS MEANS THAT EVEN THOUGH BRAINS FOLLOW PREDICTABLE RULES, 这意味着即使有很多头脑遵循可预测的规则， 744 00:52:10,133 --> 00:52:13,433 IN PRACTICE IT WILL ALWAYS BE IMPOSSIBLE TO KNOW 在实践中，它永远是不可能知道的 745 00:52:13,533 --> 00:52:16,266 EXACTLY WHERE ANY OF US ARE GOING. 确切地说，我们任何地方都在进行。 746 00:52:22,066 --> 00:52:26,266 OUR CONSCIOUS MINDS PLAY A MUCH SMALLER ROLE IN OUR LIVES 我们的意识在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色 747 00:52:26,366 --> 00:52:27,966 THAN WE ONCE IMAGINED. 比我们曾经想象的。 748 00:52:29,433 --> 00:52:34,933 EVERYTHING FROM WHAT WE DO TO WHO WE ARE 从我们所做的一切到我们所做的一切 749 00:52:35,033 --> 00:52:37,633 IS ORCHESTRATED BY THE UNCONSCIOUS BRAIN. 由不知名的大脑编排。 750 00:52:44,466 --> 00:52:48,933 THE COSMOS TURNED OUT TO BE LARGER THAN WE HAD EVER IMAGINED 事实证明，COSMOS比想象中的要大 751 00:52:49,033 --> 00:52:50,666 FROM GAZING AT THE NIGHT SKY. 从夜空凝视。 752 00:52:52,100 --> 00:52:56,566 AND IN THE SAME WAY, THE UNIVERSE INSIDE OUR HEAD 并以同样的方式，在我们头脑中的宇宙 753 00:52:56,666 --> 00:53:00,333 EXTENDS FAR BEYOND OUR CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE. 远远超出我们的自觉经验。 754 00:53:12,233 --> 00:53:14,766 TODAY, WE'RE GETTING THE FIRST GLIMPSES 今天，我们得到了第一眼 755 00:53:14,866 --> 00:53:17,833 OF THE VASTNESS OF THIS INNER SPACE. 内在空间的浩瀚。 756 00:53:36,966 --> 00:53:40,800 THE HUMAN BRAIN IS NATURE'S PERPLEXING MASTERPIECE. 人的大脑是自然界的杰作。 757 00:53:54,500 --> 00:53:56,333 IT'S THE MOST WONDROUS THING 这是最不可思议的事情 758 00:53:56,433 --> 00:53:58,833 WE'VE DISCOVERED IN THE UNIVERSE... 我们在宇宙中发现了... 759 00:53:58,933 --> 00:54:00,333 AND IT'S US. 而且是美国。 760 00:54:10,500 --> 00:54:12,466 ANNOUNCER: "THE BRAIN WITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" 播音员：“与大卫·埃格勒曼的大脑” 761 00:54:12,566 --> 00:54:15,000 DR. EAGLEMAN: Next time on "The Brain," 博士 762 00:54:15,100 --> 00:54:16,566 I'm going to explore 我要去探索 763 00:54:16,666 --> 00:54:20,433 how the brain makes thousands of decisions each day, 大脑每天如何做出数千个决定， 764 00:54:20,533 --> 00:54:22,966 from how we perceive the world... 从我们如何看待世界... 765 00:54:23,066 --> 00:54:24,733 WOMAN: Blue. 女人：蓝色。 766 00:54:24,833 --> 00:54:26,400 Green. [ Both laugh ] 绿色。 767 00:54:26,500 --> 00:54:27,433 WOMAN #2: There's so many. 女士2#：有很多。 768 00:54:27,533 --> 00:54:28,800 Why do you need so many potatoes? 你为什么需要那么多土豆？ 769 00:54:28,900 --> 00:54:30,200 MAN: That's right. 男人：是的。 770 00:54:30,300 --> 00:54:32,566 WOMAN #2: My chest is all tight thinking about this. 771 00:54:32,666 --> 00:54:34,700 DR. EAGLEMAN: ...to who we fall in love with. 博士 EAGLEMAN：...对我们所爱的人。 772 00:54:34,800 --> 00:54:37,866 And I'll show we can learn to make choices 我会证明我们可以学习做出选择 773 00:54:37,966 --> 00:54:48,400 that bring us closer to who we would like to be. 使我们更接近我们想要成为的人。 774 00:54:48,500 --> 00:54:50,500 "THE BRAIN WITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" “与大卫·艾格曼的大脑” 775 00:54:50,600 --> 00:54:51,900 IS AVAILABLE ON DVD. 在DVD上可用。 776 00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:53,400 THE COMPANION BOOK IS 同伴书是 777 00:54:53,500 --> 00:54:54,800 ALSO AVAILABLE. 也提供。 778 00:54:54,900 --> 00:54:57,233 TO ORDER, VISIT SHOPPBS.ORG 要订购，请访问SHOPPBS.ORG 779 00:54:57,333 --> 00:55:01,333 OR CALL 1-800-PLAY-PBS. 或致电1-800-PLAY-PBS。