1
00:00:06,233 --> 00:00:09,100
EAGLEMAN: THERE'S A LOT OF NOISE IN THIS OPERATING THEATER,
EAGLEMAN：该手术室有很多噪音，


2
00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:11,900
BUT I WANT YOU TO LISTEN OUT FOR SOMETHING.
但我想让您听一些。


3
00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,666
IN PREPARATION FOR THIS PATIENT'S NEUROSURGERY,
在为该患者的神经外科手术做准备时，


4
00:00:15,766 --> 00:00:18,700
DOCTORS HAVE PUT ELECTRODES INTO HIS BRAIN
医生将电极插入他的大脑


5
00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:21,500
TO RECORD THE ACTIVITY.
记录活动。


6
00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:23,233
THROUGH A SPEAKER, WE CAN HEAR
通过扬声器，我们可以听到


7
00:00:23,333 --> 00:00:26,266
THE FIRING OF INDIVIDUAL NEURONS.
单个神经元的发射。


8
00:00:28,966 --> 00:00:30,233
HE'S AGREED TO HELP ME WITH
他同意帮助我


9
00:00:30,333 --> 00:00:34,333
AN EXPERIMENT ABOUT DECISION MAKING.
关于决策的实验。


10
00:00:34,433 --> 00:00:38,166
OK, CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT YOU'RE SEEING,
好，您能告诉我您正在看什么吗，


11
00:00:38,266 --> 00:00:39,533
SO IT'S VERY SIMPLE.
所以非常简单。


12
00:00:39,633 --> 00:00:41,166
WITHOUT HIM KNOWING IT,
不用他知道


13
00:00:41,266 --> 00:00:45,233
HIS BRAIN WILL DECIDE WHETHER THIS IS A RABBIT OR AN OSTRICH.
他的大脑将决定是兔子还是鸵鸟。


14
00:00:45,333 --> 00:00:46,900
IT COULD BE SEEN AS EITHER.
它可能被视为其他。


15
00:00:48,533 --> 00:00:49,566
WHAT DO YOU SAY? AN OSTRICH?
你说什么？


16
00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:54,033
AS HIS BRAIN COMES TO A DECISION,
当他的大脑决定时，


17
00:00:54,133 --> 00:00:57,333
THERE'S A SUBTLE CHANGE IN THE AUDIO.
音频有细微的变化。


18
00:00:57,433 --> 00:00:59,233
IT'S BURIED IN THAT POP-POP-POP.
它被藏在POP-POP-POP中。


19
00:00:59,333 --> 00:01:02,666
[POPPING]
[弹出]


20
00:01:02,766 --> 00:01:05,700
THIS IS THE SOUND OF A DECISION GETTING MADE.
这就是决策的声音。


21
00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:07,733
WE'RE EAVESDROPPING ON SINGLE NEURONS,
我们正在单神经元上


22
00:01:07,833 --> 00:01:10,566
WORKING IN CONCERT WITH BILLIONS OF OTHER NEURONS
与数十亿其他神经元一起工作


23
00:01:10,666 --> 00:01:13,033
TO LAND ON A CHOICE.
选择降落。


24
00:01:13,133 --> 00:01:15,166
THIS IS WHAT EVERY DECISION
这就是每个决定


25
00:01:15,266 --> 00:01:18,266
IN THE HISTORY OF THE HUMAN SPECIES LOOKS LIKE.
在人类物种的历史中看起来很像。


26
00:01:18,366 --> 00:01:21,433
EVERY MARRIAGE PROPOSAL, EVERY DECLARATION OF WAR,
每个婚姻提案，战争声明，


27
00:01:21,533 --> 00:01:25,166
EVERY LEAP OF IMAGINATION, EVERY MISSION WE'VE LAUNCHED,
我们推出了每一个想象力，每一个任务，


28
00:01:25,266 --> 00:01:30,233
EVERY BIT OF HUMAN MAGIC LOOKED JUST LIKE THIS.
就像这一样，每一位人类魔术师都看过。


29
00:01:30,333 --> 00:01:34,633
OUR BRAINS ARE CONSTANTLY MAKING DECISIONS.
我们的大脑不断做出决定。


30
00:01:34,733 --> 00:01:36,833
SOME WE'RE AWARE OF.
我们有些注意。


31
00:01:36,933 --> 00:01:39,733
MOST WE'RE NOT.
我们不是。


32
00:01:39,833 --> 00:01:43,166
DECIPHERING WHAT WE HEAR, OR SEE, OR SMELL.
决定我们听到，看到或听到的内容。


33
00:01:43,266 --> 00:01:44,766
THESE ARE DECISIONS.
这些是决定。


34
00:01:44,866 --> 00:01:52,700
SO IS BEING AFRAID, FALLING IN LOVE, GIVING IN, RESISTING.
恐惧，堕入爱河，屈服于抵抗。


35
00:01:52,800 --> 00:01:54,900
DECISION-MAKING IS WHAT ALLOWS US
决定权就是我们


36
00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:58,333
TO NAVIGATE A COURSE THROUGH LIFE.
贯穿人生的课程。


37
00:01:58,433 --> 00:02:01,366
AND YOUR LIFETIME OF CHOICES HAS SCULPTED YOU INTO
您的终身选择使您陷入困境


38
00:02:01,466 --> 00:02:04,300
THE PERSON YOU ARE RIGHT NOW.
您现在是正确的人。


39
00:02:17,100 --> 00:02:19,933
NO MATTER HOW EASY YOUR DAY SEEMS,
没关系，您一天的工作如何轻松，


40
00:02:20,033 --> 00:02:23,033
YOUR BRAIN IS ALWAYS HARD AT WORK--
您的大脑总是很难工作-


41
00:02:23,133 --> 00:02:27,533
MAKING CHOICES, WEIGHING UP DIFFERENT OPTIONS.
选择，权衡不同的选择。


42
00:02:27,633 --> 00:02:30,800
AND IT'S OFTEN IN A STATE OF CONFLICT--
而且经常处于冲突状态


43
00:02:30,900 --> 00:02:35,000
LOCKED IN A GREAT POWER STRUGGLE--WITH ITSELF.
锁定在强大的电源中-本身。


44
00:02:36,200 --> 00:02:38,000
LET ME SHOW YOU WHAT I MEAN.
让我告诉你我的意思。


45
00:02:39,966 --> 00:02:43,500
RIGHT NOW, I HAVE TO MAKE A MOMENTOUS DECISION.
现在，我必须做出重大决定。


46
00:02:45,200 --> 00:02:48,500
MINT FROZEN YOGURT? OR LEMON?
薄荷冻酸奶？


47
00:02:50,533 --> 00:02:53,366
THIS IS SERIOUS BUSINESS-- BECAUSE I LIKE BOTH.
这是一项艰巨的业务-因为我俩都喜欢。


48
00:02:55,700 --> 00:02:58,466
INSIDE MY BRAIN, THIS CHOICE UNLEASHES
在我的大脑中，此选择释放了


49
00:02:58,566 --> 00:03:00,333
A WHIRLWIND OF ACTIVITY.
各种活动。


50
00:03:04,366 --> 00:03:07,333
NEURONS ARE WILDLY GETTING IN TOUCH WITH ONE ANOTHER.
神经元正彼此缠结。


51
00:03:07,433 --> 00:03:09,633
THEY'RE FORMING COMPETING NETWORKS.
他们正在形成竞争网络。


52
00:03:11,066 --> 00:03:14,566
ONE FAVORS THE ZING OF THE ZESTY LEMON,
一个人喜欢《柠檬味的兴盛》，


53
00:03:14,666 --> 00:03:17,000
THE OTHER THE FRESHNESS OF THE MINT.
其他薄荷味。


54
00:03:20,033 --> 00:03:22,266
WHEN I FINALLY GO FOR THE LEMON,
当我最终选择柠檬时


55
00:03:22,366 --> 00:03:25,533
I HAVE NO REAL IDEA WHY I CHOSE IT.
我没有选择它的真正想法。


56
00:03:25,633 --> 00:03:28,766
BUT IF I COULD SEE UNDER THE HOOD, I WOULD FIND THAT
但是，如果我需要看的话，我会发现的


57
00:03:28,866 --> 00:03:31,966
THE LEMON NETWORK HAS FOUGHT HARDER AND WON,
柠檬网络已经困难重重，


58
00:03:32,066 --> 00:03:33,900
SQUELCHING MY MINT NETWORK.
压缩我的薄荷网络。


59
00:03:36,166 --> 00:03:38,066
AND IT'S NOT JUST MINT VERSUS LEMON.
而且这不仅仅是薄荷味柠檬味。


60
00:03:38,166 --> 00:03:39,966
I'M WONDERING WHETHER TO EAT THIS YOGURT AT ALL,
我很想吃不吃酸奶


61
00:03:40,066 --> 00:03:41,666
BECAUSE PART OF ME WANTS IT BUT
因为我的一部分想要但是


62
00:03:41,766 --> 00:03:43,766
PART OF ME KNOWS THAT IT'S FATTENING.
我的一部分知道这很令人讨厌。


63
00:03:43,866 --> 00:03:46,033
AND IT'S BECAUSE OF THIS SORT OF CONFLICT
这是因为这种冲突的根源


64
00:03:46,133 --> 00:03:48,133
THAT WE CAN GET ANGRY AT OURSELVES
我们可以让自己生气


65
00:03:48,233 --> 00:03:51,033
AND CUSS AT OURSELVES AND CAJOLE OURSELVES.
和我们自己和cajole我们的成本。


66
00:03:51,133 --> 00:03:53,133
WHO'S TALKING WITH WHOM EXACTLY?
世卫组织正与谁聊天？


67
00:03:53,233 --> 00:03:54,566
IT'S ALL YOU, RIGHT?
就这些，对吧？


68
00:03:54,666 --> 00:03:56,500
BUT IT'S DIFFERENT PARTS OF YOU.
但它是您的不同部分。


69
00:04:02,033 --> 00:04:05,766
THESE RIVALRIES ARE WITH US IN EVERY DECISION THAT WE MAKE.
在我们做出的每个决定中，这些要求与我们同在。


70
00:04:05,866 --> 00:04:08,133
THEY'RE USUALLY SO EASILY RESOLVED
他们通常很容易解决


71
00:04:08,233 --> 00:04:09,433
THAT WE'RE UNAWARE OF THEM.
我们不知道他们是什么。


72
00:04:11,066 --> 00:04:14,133
BUT IN SOME SITUATIONS, THEY SHOW THEMSELVES.
但在某些情况下，它们会显示自己。


73
00:04:14,233 --> 00:04:18,166
WE CAN FEEL THE TUG OF DIFFERENT NETWORKS.
我们可以感觉到不同的网络。


74
00:04:18,266 --> 00:04:23,866
I'LL SHOW YOU WHAT I MEAN--IF I CAN FIND A WILLING VOLUNTEER.
我会告诉你我的意思-如果我能找到一名自愿的志愿者。


75
00:04:23,966 --> 00:04:26,133
EXCUSE ME, DO YOU WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN AN EXPERIMENT?
打扰一下，您想参加一项实验吗？


76
00:04:26,233 --> 00:04:28,200
I DON'T THINK SO. OK. [LAUGHS]
我不这样认为。


77
00:04:30,300 --> 00:04:31,233
EXCUSE ME, DO YOU GUYS WANT
打扰一下，您是否想


78
00:04:31,333 --> 00:04:32,966
TO PARTICIPATE IN AN EXPERIMENT?
参加实验？


79
00:04:33,066 --> 00:04:34,233
THIS WILL ONLY TAKE 30 SECONDS.
这仅需30秒。


80
00:04:34,333 --> 00:04:36,866
SORRY, WE'RE LATE. OK. OK.
抱歉，我们迟到了。


81
00:04:43,666 --> 00:04:45,966
WOULD YOU PARTICIPATE IN AN EXPERIMENT FOR 30 SECONDS?
您是否会参加30秒的实验？


82
00:04:46,066 --> 00:04:47,800
OK. OK, SO HERE'S WHAT YOU'RE GONNA DO.
好。


83
00:04:47,900 --> 00:04:49,966
PUT YOUR HANDS OUT. OK.
伸出您的双手。


84
00:04:50,066 --> 00:04:53,033
AND I'M GOING TO ASK YOU TO NAME THE COLOR OF THE INK.
我想请您说出墨水的颜色。


85
00:04:53,133 --> 00:04:54,466
OK, SO WHAT COLOR IS THAT INK?
好，那是什么颜色的墨水？


86
00:04:54,566 --> 00:04:55,533
RED. GOOD. OK.
红。


87
00:04:55,633 --> 00:04:57,733
WHAT COLOR IS THAT INK? BLUE.
墨水是什么颜色？


88
00:04:57,833 --> 00:05:00,833
EAGLEMAN: THIS IS A PRETTY EASY TASK.
EAGLEMAN：这是一个简单的任务。


89
00:05:00,933 --> 00:05:02,600
RED. BLUE.
红。


90
00:05:02,700 --> 00:05:05,266
EAGLEMAN: BUT INTRODUCE A CONFLICT...BETWEEN
EAGLEMAN：但引入冲突...


91
00:05:05,366 --> 00:05:11,433
THE WORD AND THE COLOR OF THE INK, AND THE SITUATION CHANGES.
墨水的单词和颜色以及情况的变化。


92
00:05:11,533 --> 00:05:16,400
BLUE...YELLOW...ORANGE...
蓝色...黄色...橙色...


93
00:05:16,500 --> 00:05:22,566
ORANGE...BLUE... GREEN..., UH, BLUE.
橙色...蓝色...绿色...，呃，蓝色。


94
00:05:22,666 --> 00:05:23,833
OK.
好。


95
00:05:23,933 --> 00:05:28,933
ORANGE...GREEN... BLUE...RED...
橙色...绿色...蓝色...红色...


96
00:05:29,033 --> 00:05:33,800
ORANGE...BLUE... GREEN...
橙色...蓝色...绿色...


97
00:05:33,900 --> 00:05:35,733
[LAUGHTER]
[笑声]


98
00:05:35,833 --> 00:05:37,200
I HAD TO CLOSE MY EYES!
我不得不闭上眼睛！


99
00:05:37,300 --> 00:05:38,433
YEAH, I SAW THAT.
是的，我看到了。


100
00:05:40,066 --> 00:05:42,333
EAGLEMAN: IT'S HARD BECAUSE OF RIVALRIES
EAGLEMAN：这很困难


101
00:05:42,433 --> 00:05:44,866
PLAYING OUT INSIDE THE BRAIN.
在脑中发挥作用。


102
00:05:44,966 --> 00:05:48,266
ONE NETWORK IS INVOLVED IN NAMING COLORS,
一个网络涉及到命名颜色，


103
00:05:48,366 --> 00:05:53,033
ANOTHER HAS A LIFETIME OF TRAINING IN READING WORDS.
另一个人一生都在阅读单词方面接受培训。


104
00:05:53,133 --> 00:05:56,066
RED...BLUE.
红蓝。


105
00:05:56,166 --> 00:05:58,733
EAGLEMAN: WITH BOTH NETWORKS BATTLING IT OUT,
EAGLEMAN：两个网络都在为之奋斗，


106
00:05:58,833 --> 00:06:01,566
YOU CAN DIRECTLY EXPERIENCE THE CONFLICT.
您可以直接体验冲突。


107
00:06:03,833 --> 00:06:06,633
TO GET THE RIGHT ANSWER, YOU HAVE TO ACTIVELY SUPPRESS
要获得正确的答案，您必须主动压制


108
00:06:06,733 --> 00:06:09,033
THE WORD READING TO NAME THE COLOR.
读单词来命名颜色。


109
00:06:12,166 --> 00:06:16,600
THERE ARE OCCASIONS WHEN RIVAL NETWORKS CAN'T BE RECONCILED,
有时无法识别RIVAL网络，


110
00:06:16,700 --> 00:06:19,000
AND THOSE OFFER A SPECIAL INSIGHT.
并且提供特殊见识。


111
00:06:21,900 --> 00:06:24,933
IN THIS RARE FOOTAGE, WE CAN SEE CONFLICT
在这种稀有的脚步中，我们可以看到冲突


112
00:06:25,033 --> 00:06:28,433
IN THE BRAIN EXPRESSING ITSELF IN THE BODY.
在身体表达自我的大脑中。


113
00:06:31,166 --> 00:06:33,933
PSYCHOLOGIST MATT ROSER IS A SPECIALIST
心理学家马特罗斯是专家


114
00:06:34,033 --> 00:06:37,200
IN A CONDITION KNOWN AS ALIEN HAND SYNDROME.
在被称为外星人综合症的情况下。


115
00:06:39,966 --> 00:06:43,666
THIS IS A RARE SIDE-EFFECT OF A SPLIT BRAIN SURGERY
这是脑裂手术的罕见副作用


116
00:06:43,766 --> 00:06:46,200
WHICH IS SOMETIMES USED TO TREAT EPILEPSY.
有时用于治疗癫痫。


117
00:06:54,066 --> 00:06:55,866
ROSER: A SPLIT BRAIN SURGERY IS THE DISCONNECTION OF
ROSER：分脑外科手术是与


118
00:06:55,966 --> 00:06:57,833
THE TWO HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN,
脑的两个半球


119
00:06:57,933 --> 00:06:59,166
THE TWO HALVES OF THE BRAIN.
脑的两个一半。


120
00:07:01,766 --> 00:07:05,566
BY CUTTING THE BRAIN IN HALF, YOU CONTROL THE EPILEPSY BETTER.
通过将大脑切成两半，您可以更好地控制癫痫。


121
00:07:08,766 --> 00:07:10,800
EAGLEMAN: IN THIS PATIENT, IT HAS FURTHER,
EAGLEMAN：在此患者中，


122
00:07:10,900 --> 00:07:13,333
DISTURBING CONSEQUENCES.
干扰后果。


123
00:07:13,433 --> 00:07:15,766
IT AFFECTS ALL HER MOTOR SKILLS,
它会影响她的所有电机技术，


124
00:07:15,866 --> 00:07:18,066
PARTICULARLY THE MOVEMENT OF HER HANDS.
特别是她的手的运动。


125
00:07:19,733 --> 00:07:23,566
SHE CAN DO WHAT THE DOCTOR ASKS WITH ONE HALF OF HER BODY...
她可以用一半的身体做医生的询问...


126
00:07:23,666 --> 00:07:26,033
MAN: CAN YOU LIFT YOUR HANDS UP IN THE AIR?
男人：您能在空中抬起双手吗？


127
00:07:26,133 --> 00:07:28,366
EAGLEMAN: BUT SHE HAS NO CONSCIOUS CONTROL
EAGLEMAN：但是她没有有效控制


128
00:07:28,466 --> 00:07:30,333
OF THE OTHER HALF.
另一半。


129
00:07:30,433 --> 00:07:32,533
CAN YOU GIVE ME A THUMBS UP WITH THIS HAND?
您能帮我这个忙吗？


130
00:07:32,633 --> 00:07:33,666
GIVE ME A THUMBS UP.
给我一个大拇指。


131
00:07:35,300 --> 00:07:37,166
SHOW ME THE INDEX FINGER OF YOUR...
向我显示您的指数指...


132
00:07:37,266 --> 00:07:40,333
EAGLEMAN: HER RIGHT BRAIN TAKES CONTROL OF HER LEFT HAND
EAGLEMAN：她的右脑控制了她的左手


133
00:07:40,433 --> 00:07:42,833
AND FIGHTS FOR ATTENTION.
和注意的战斗。


134
00:07:42,933 --> 00:07:44,566
WHAT'S GOING ON? TELL US WHAT'S GOING ON.
这是怎么回事？


135
00:07:46,433 --> 00:07:48,433
CAN YOU SHOW ME YOUR PINKY?
您能告诉我您的身材吗？


136
00:07:48,533 --> 00:07:50,133
OK, GOOD.
好，好


137
00:07:50,233 --> 00:07:52,966
CAN YOU TAKE YOUR PINKY AND TOUCH YOUR FOREHEAD, PLEASE?
请您拿一下您的额头并抚摸您的额头吗？


138
00:07:53,066 --> 00:07:56,633
ROSER: THE HAND JUST DOESN'T RESPOND TO COMMANDS,
罗斯：手只是不回应命令，


139
00:07:56,733 --> 00:07:59,066
IT SEEMS TO HAVE A WILL OF ITS OWN.
它拥有自己的一切。


140
00:07:59,166 --> 00:08:01,033
BECAUSE NOW THERE ARE ALMOST LIKE
因为现在几乎像


141
00:08:01,133 --> 00:08:05,000
TWO HALF-PATIENTS INSIDE ONE BODY.
一个身体内部有两个半病人。


142
00:08:05,100 --> 00:08:06,633
MAN: CAN YOU SHOW ME YOUR THUMB?
男人：你能告诉我你的拇指吗？


143
00:08:06,733 --> 00:08:08,433
SHOW ME YOUR THUMB.
告诉我你的拇指。


144
00:08:08,533 --> 00:08:11,966
EAGLEMAN: FOR THIS PATIENT, HER ALIEN HAND SYNDROME
EAGLEMAN：对于该患者，她的外星人综合症


145
00:08:12,066 --> 00:08:14,833
WAS EVENTUALLY BROUGHT UNDER CONTROL.
在控制之下可能发生了故障。


146
00:08:14,933 --> 00:08:17,166
WOMAN: [INDISTINCT] YEAH, I CAN'T STOP IT.
女人：[直言]是的，我无法阻止它。


147
00:08:17,266 --> 00:08:19,333
EAGLEMAN: BUT THE DISORDER REVEALS SOMETHING
EAGLEMAN：但疾病透露出来的东西


148
00:08:19,433 --> 00:08:21,366
THAT'S NORMALLY HIDDEN,
通常是隐藏的


149
00:08:21,466 --> 00:08:24,166
GIVING US A WINDOW INTO THE STRUGGLE
让我们陷入困境


150
00:08:24,266 --> 00:08:28,966
THAT'S WAGED INSIDE OUR HEADS EVERY DAY.
每天都在我们的脑海中挣扎。


151
00:08:29,066 --> 00:08:31,666
MAN: CAN YOU SHOW ME...CAN YOU SHOW ME YOUR THUMB?
男人：你可以告诉我...你可以告诉我你的拇指吗？


152
00:08:31,766 --> 00:08:32,766
SHOW ME YOUR THUMB.
告诉我你的拇指。


153
00:08:41,066 --> 00:08:43,866
EAGLEMAN: IN THE BUSINESS OF DECISION-MAKING,
EAGLEMAN：在决策方面，


154
00:08:43,966 --> 00:08:47,366
TWO BIG SYSTEMS THAT OFTEN COME INTO CONFLICT
经常发生冲突的两种大系统


155
00:08:47,466 --> 00:08:51,500
ARE THOSE WE CAN SUMMARIZE AS REASON AND EMOTION.
这些都是原因和情感的总和。


156
00:08:54,700 --> 00:08:58,433
THESE SYSTEMS WORK TOGETHER, SO WE'RE GENERALLY NOT AWARE THAT
这些系统协同工作，所以我们根本不知道


157
00:08:58,533 --> 00:09:01,566
MORE THAN ONE THING STEERS OUR DECISIONS.
一个以上的事物会影响我们的决策。


158
00:09:05,066 --> 00:09:08,566
BUT SOME SITUATIONS CAN TEASE THEM APART.
但是某些情况可以使他们开心。


159
00:09:10,633 --> 00:09:13,466
CONSIDER THE TROLLEY DILEMMA.
考虑手推车困境。


160
00:09:13,566 --> 00:09:15,033
EAGLEMAN: HI. WOMAN: HI.
EAGLEMAN：嗨。


161
00:09:15,133 --> 00:09:17,633
I'D LIKE TO INVITE YOU TO STEP INTO THIS BOOTH HERE,
我想邀请您进入这里，


162
00:09:17,733 --> 00:09:19,200
AND WE'RE GONNA SHOW YOU A VIDEO
而且我们是Gonna展示您的视频


163
00:09:19,300 --> 00:09:21,433
AND JUST ASK YOU A QUESTION ABOUT WHAT YOU WOULD
并就您的需求向您提问


164
00:09:21,533 --> 00:09:23,066
DO IN THIS SORT OF SCENARIO. OK.
在这种情景下做。


165
00:09:28,433 --> 00:09:31,800
EAGLEMAN: YOU SEE A TRAIN TROLLEY WHOSE BRAKES ARE BROKEN.
EAGLEMAN：您发现火车刹车被打破了。


166
00:09:31,900 --> 00:09:34,566
IT'S BARRELING DOWN THE TRACK OUT OF CONTROL.
它阻止了失控的步伐。


167
00:09:35,866 --> 00:09:38,700
IN ITS PATH, YOU SEE 4 WORKERS.
在它的道路上，您可以看到4名工人。


168
00:09:42,633 --> 00:09:46,533
THEY'RE TOO FAR AWAY TO WARN, BUT IF YOU DON'T DO SOMETHING,
他们太遥不可及，但如果您不做任何事情，


169
00:09:46,633 --> 00:09:48,066
THEY FACE CERTAIN DEATH.
他们的某些死亡。


170
00:09:51,633 --> 00:09:53,300
THEN YOU SEE A LEVER.
然后，您会看到杠杆。


171
00:09:55,133 --> 00:09:58,866
IF YOU PULL IT, YOU'LL DIVERT THE TROLLEY ONTO ANOTHER TRACK
如果您拉动它，则会将手推车转移到另一个轨道上


172
00:09:58,966 --> 00:10:01,066
AND THOSE 4 WORKMEN WILL BE SAVED.
并且这4名工人将被保存。


173
00:10:02,900 --> 00:10:05,533
BUT HERE'S THE THING: ANOTHER MAN
但这里是东西：另一个男人


174
00:10:05,633 --> 00:10:07,400
IS WORKING ON THE OTHER TRACK.
正在其他轨道上工作。


175
00:10:09,633 --> 00:10:13,100
IF YOU PULL THE LEVER, HE WILL DEFINITELY DIE.
如果您拉杆，他一定会死。


176
00:10:14,733 --> 00:10:17,433
SO DO YOU PULL THE LEVER?
那你拉杆吗？


177
00:10:30,433 --> 00:10:32,366
PROBABLY NOW.
现在可能。


178
00:10:32,466 --> 00:10:33,733
OK, DID YOU PULL THE LEVER?
好吧，您拉杆了吗？


179
00:10:33,833 --> 00:10:35,433
I PULLED THE LEVER. OK. GREAT.
我按了杠杆。


180
00:10:35,533 --> 00:10:37,333
NOW HERE COMES SCENARIO TWO.
现在出现两种情况。


181
00:10:37,433 --> 00:10:38,566
THERE'S ONE MORE SCENARIO HERE.
这里有一个以上的场景。


182
00:10:38,666 --> 00:10:39,900
OK, GREAT-- HERE WE GO.
好，太好了-我们到这里了。


183
00:10:42,066 --> 00:10:44,600
EAGLEMAN: THIS TIME, THE DILEMMA IS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT.
EAGLEMAN：这次，困境有所不同。


184
00:10:46,100 --> 00:10:48,233
THERE ARE STILL 4 WORKERS IN THE PATH
道路上还有4名工人


185
00:10:48,333 --> 00:10:49,966
OF THE OUT-OF-CONTROL TROLLEY.
失去控制的手推车。


186
00:10:52,166 --> 00:10:54,333
BUT NOW THERE'S NO LEVER...
但是现在没有杠杆...


187
00:10:54,433 --> 00:10:55,900
NO WAY TO DIVERT THE TROLLEY.
没有办法转移手推车。


188
00:10:57,633 --> 00:10:59,966
INSTEAD, THERE IS A LARGE MAN
换了个大个子


189
00:11:00,133 --> 00:11:02,800
STANDING ON A WATER TOWER NEXT TO THE TRACK.
站在轨道旁的水塔上。


190
00:11:02,900 --> 00:11:05,866
PUSH HIM OFF, INTO THE TROLLEY'S PATH,
推开他，走上​​小车的小路，


191
00:11:05,966 --> 00:11:09,600
AND HIS WEIGHT WILL BE ENOUGH TO STOP THE TROLLEY.
并且其重量将足以停止手推车。


192
00:11:09,700 --> 00:11:12,233
YOU'LL BE SACRIFICING ONE TO SAVE THE OTHERS.
您会牺牲一个来保存其他人。


193
00:11:13,733 --> 00:11:16,266
SO DO YOU PUSH THE MAN?
那你按那个人吗？


194
00:11:24,833 --> 00:11:26,800
OK, DID YOU PUSH THE MAN OFF?
好的，您将男人推开了吗？


195
00:11:26,900 --> 00:11:28,033
ABSOLUTELY NOT.
绝对不。


196
00:11:28,133 --> 00:11:29,200
OK, WHAT DID YOU DO IN THE FIRST SCENARIO?
好的，您在第一个场景中做了什么？


197
00:11:29,300 --> 00:11:30,266
DID YOU PULL THE LEVER?
您拉杆了吗？


198
00:11:30,366 --> 00:11:31,633
I PULLED THE LEVER.
我按了杠杆。


199
00:11:31,733 --> 00:11:34,566
BECAUSE IT'S TRADING ONE LIFE FOR 4 LIVES, RIGHT?
因为这将使他终身维持4条生命，对不对？


200
00:11:34,666 --> 00:11:37,333
SO WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO SCENARIOS?
那么两个场景之间有什么区别？


201
00:11:37,433 --> 00:11:41,066
THE PHYSICAL CONTACT OF CAUSING DEATH--
导致死亡的身体接触-


202
00:11:41,166 --> 00:11:44,133
EVEN THOUGH I CAN SEE WHERE THEY WERE THE SAME THING,
即使我能看到它们都是一样的东西，


203
00:11:44,233 --> 00:11:45,633
THEY WOULD HAVE THE SAME RESULT--
他们将有同样的结果-


204
00:11:45,733 --> 00:11:49,600
MY GUT FEELING WAS... WAS AVERSE TO THAT.
我的直觉是...避免了。


205
00:11:51,500 --> 00:11:54,466
EAGLEMAN: EVERYONE I ASK MAKES THE SAME CHOICE.
EAGLEMAN：我问的每个人都做同样的选择。


206
00:11:54,566 --> 00:11:57,866
THEY'LL PULL THE LEVER, BUT THEY WON'T PUSH THE MAN.
他们会拉杆，但不会推人。


207
00:12:07,133 --> 00:12:08,833
NO. EAGLEMAN: OK. [LAUGHS]
没有。 


208
00:12:10,733 --> 00:12:13,800
EAGLEMAN: IT'S THE SAME ETHICAL DILEMMA IN BOTH CASES.
EAGLEMAN：在两种情况下都是相同的道德困境。


209
00:12:13,900 --> 00:12:16,866
WOULD YOU TRADE ONE LIFE FOR 4?
您是否会终身经营4个？


210
00:12:16,966 --> 00:12:19,466
IN THE FIRST SCENARIO, IT'S JUST A MATH PROBLEM.
在第一个场景中，这只是一个数学问题。


211
00:12:19,566 --> 00:12:21,433
IN THE SECOND ONE, YOU HAVE TO
在第二个中，您必须


212
00:12:21,533 --> 00:12:23,433
PHYSICALLY INTERACT WITH THE MAN,
与人身体互动，


213
00:12:23,533 --> 00:12:25,833
PUSH HIM TO HIS DEATH, AND THAT RECRUITS
将他推向死亡，并招募新成员


214
00:12:25,933 --> 00:12:29,033
OTHER NETWORKS IN THE BRAIN INVOLVED IN EMOTION.
大脑中涉及情绪的其他网络。


215
00:12:31,066 --> 00:12:33,633
SO WHAT'S GOING ON BEHIND THE SCENES?
那么幕后发生了什么？


216
00:12:35,366 --> 00:12:39,433
THE CONFLICT IS BEING PLAYED OUT ACROSS THE BRAIN.
冲突正在整个大脑中展开。


217
00:12:39,533 --> 00:12:42,600
AT FIRST, THE LOGIC SYSTEM DOMINATES,
首先，逻辑系统决定了


218
00:12:42,700 --> 00:12:47,166
BUT INTRODUCE THE IDEA OF KILLING A MAN WITH YOUR BARE HANDS
但是介绍与裸手杀死男人的想法


219
00:12:47,266 --> 00:12:52,366
AND THE EMOTION SYSTEM COMES ONLINE, TIPPING THE BALANCE.
且该运动系统在线上实现了平衡。


220
00:12:52,466 --> 00:12:56,233
YOU'RE CAUGHT BETWEEN COMPETING DRIVES, WITH THE RESULT THAT
您在竞争驱动器之间，结果


221
00:12:56,333 --> 00:12:59,066
YOUR DECISION CAN CHANGE ENTIRELY.
您的决定可以完全改变。


222
00:13:04,766 --> 00:13:09,066
THE TROLLEY DILEMMA SHEDS LIGHT ON REAL-WORLD SITUATIONS.
TROLLEY DILEMMA拒绝了现实世界的情况。


223
00:13:15,633 --> 00:13:17,700
THINK ABOUT MODERN WARFARE.
关于现代战争的思考。


224
00:13:20,966 --> 00:13:26,600
WHEN YOU LAUNCH A LONG-RANGE MISSILE OR PILOT A DRONE
当您发射远程导弹或驾驶无人机时


225
00:13:26,700 --> 00:13:29,466
OR PROGRAM A CYBER ATTACK,
或编写网络攻击，


226
00:13:29,566 --> 00:13:31,800
THESE CAUSE DAMAGE AT A DISTANCE.
造成这些损坏的原因。


227
00:13:33,900 --> 00:13:36,433
THE RATIONAL NETWORKS ARE AT WORK,
理性网络正在发挥作用，


228
00:13:36,533 --> 00:13:39,266
BUT NOT NECESSARILY THE EMOTIONAL NETWORKS.
但不一定需要情感网络。


229
00:13:41,100 --> 00:13:44,433
DETACHMENT REDUCES INTERNAL CONFLICT.
分离减少内部冲突。


230
00:13:44,533 --> 00:13:47,833
IT'S MORE LIKE PULLING THE LEVER THAN PUSHING THE MAN.
比推人更像拉杆。


231
00:13:51,566 --> 00:13:55,000
WAR IS EASIER TO WAGE AT A DISTANCE.
战争很容易发动。


232
00:14:01,633 --> 00:14:05,533
IF WE'RE CAPABLE OF BYPASSING OUR EMOTIONAL SYSTEMS,
如果我们有能力超越我们的情感系统，


233
00:14:05,633 --> 00:14:07,033
WHY DO WE HAVE THEM AT ALL?
我们为什么要拥有它们？


234
00:14:11,866 --> 00:14:15,533
SO OFTEN IN NEUROSCIENCE, WE LEARN MOST ABOUT THE BRAIN
在神经科学中如此频繁，我们在脑中学到最多


235
00:14:15,633 --> 00:14:17,166
WHEN THINGS GO WRONG.
出现错误时。


236
00:14:19,633 --> 00:14:22,233
FOR TWO DECADES, TAMMIE MYERS HAD
达米丝·迈尔斯（TAMMIE MYERS HAD）十年来


237
00:14:22,333 --> 00:14:26,066
A SUCCESSFUL CAREER AS AN ENGINEER AND A HAPPY MARRIAGE.
作为工程师的成功职业和幸福的婚姻。


238
00:14:29,133 --> 00:14:32,666
THEN, TWO YEARS AGO, THERE WAS AN ACCIDENT.
然后，两年前，发生了事故。


239
00:14:39,066 --> 00:14:42,700
TAMMIE: THAT MORNING WE GOT UP AND RODE ABOUT AN HOUR.
达米：那是早上，我们整整走了一条小时。


240
00:14:45,066 --> 00:14:47,166
FROM WHAT MY FRIENDS TELL ME,
从我的朋友告诉我的事情中，


241
00:14:47,266 --> 00:14:50,166
WE WENT INTO A 90-DEGREE TURN THAT WAS NOT MARKED.
我们进入了90度的转弯（未标记）。


242
00:14:53,933 --> 00:14:57,966
AND, UM, TRIED EVERYTHING WE COULD TO GET AROUND THE TURN.
而且，嗯，我们竭尽所能地应对一切。


243
00:14:58,066 --> 00:14:59,466
THE BIKE WENT DOWN.
自行车停了下来。


244
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:03,600
FROM THERE I DON'T REMEMBER ANYTHING.
从那里我什么都不记得。


245
00:15:06,666 --> 00:15:09,533
EAGLEMAN: TAMMIE RECOVERED FROM THE CRASH,
EAGLEMAN：TAMMIE从崩溃中恢复过来，


246
00:15:09,633 --> 00:15:12,033
BUT ONE PROBLEM REMAINED.
但仅剩一个问题。


247
00:15:12,133 --> 00:15:15,266
WE'RE GONNA NEED 4, 'CAUSE IT'S...
我们需要GONNA 4，'原因吧...


248
00:15:15,366 --> 00:15:19,600
SHE NOW STRUGGLES TO MAKE EVEN THE SIMPLEST DECISIONS.
现在，她努力做出最简单的决定。


249
00:15:19,700 --> 00:15:21,566
TAMMIE: I DON'T-- I DON'T--
TAMMIE：我不-我不-


250
00:15:24,633 --> 00:15:27,666
I DON'T-- I DON'T CARE.
我不-我不在乎。


251
00:15:27,766 --> 00:15:29,066
I'M GOING TO START CRYING.
我要开始哭了。


252
00:15:29,166 --> 00:15:30,933
I DON'T WANT TO CRY.
我不想哭。


253
00:15:31,033 --> 00:15:32,500
BUT THERE'S TOO MANY THINGS IN THERE.
但是里面有太多东西。


254
00:15:35,033 --> 00:15:37,466
MAN: THERE'S GOOD DAYS AND THERE'S BAD DAYS--
男人：好日子和坏日子-


255
00:15:37,566 --> 00:15:42,333
AND YOU DON'T NECESSARILY KNOW WHAT DAY IT'S GONNA BE
而且您不必知道今天是一天了


256
00:15:42,433 --> 00:15:43,500
WHEN YOU WAKE UP IN THE MORNING.
当您在早晨醒来时。


257
00:15:45,566 --> 00:15:46,966
YOU KNOW, I'M WAITING FOR THE DAY THAT...
您知道，我正在等待这一天...


258
00:15:47,066 --> 00:15:48,500
WATER, 2 CUPS.
水，2杯。


259
00:15:50,133 --> 00:15:52,433
YOU KNOW, THAT SHE'S NORMAL.
您知道，那是正常的。


260
00:15:54,400 --> 00:15:58,533
[SNIFFS] I CAN'T MAKE ANY... IT'S TOO MANY THINGS
[SNIFFS]我什么也做不了...太多了


261
00:15:58,633 --> 00:16:02,266
FOR MY BRAIN TO PROCESS THAT'S JUST ABSOLUTELY STUPID.
对于我的大脑来说，这绝对是愚蠢的。


262
00:16:03,966 --> 00:16:05,600
[SNIFFLES]
[嗅探]


263
00:16:05,700 --> 00:16:09,966
EAGLEMAN: TAMMIE'S BRAIN DAMAGE IS IN THE PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX.
EAGLEMAN：TAMMIE的脑损伤位于前皮质。


264
00:16:10,066 --> 00:16:13,833
HER LOGIC AND EMOTION SYSTEMS HAVE BECOME DISCONNECTED.
她的逻辑和情绪系统已断开连接。


265
00:16:13,933 --> 00:16:16,833
THEY'RE STILL WORKING-- BUT HER EMOTIONS ARE
他们仍然在努力-但她的情绪仍在


266
00:16:16,933 --> 00:16:19,566
NO LONGER LINKED TO HER INTELLECT.
不再与她的智力有关。


267
00:16:20,833 --> 00:16:23,000
TAMMIE'S INJURY REVEALS THAT
TAMMIE的伤害显示


268
00:16:23,100 --> 00:16:25,433
EVEN IN THE MOST BASIC SITUATIONS,
即使在最基本的情况下，


269
00:16:25,533 --> 00:16:29,066
EMOTION IS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF DECISION-MAKING.
情绪是决策的必要组成部分。


270
00:16:30,700 --> 00:16:34,733
TO UNDERSTAND THE DAMAGE, TAMMIE'S NEUROLOGIST DR. ESLINGER
为了了解损害，塔米的神经病学博士。


271
00:16:34,833 --> 00:16:36,966
HAS BROUGHT HER HERE TO THE GROCERY STORE.
已将她带到杂货店。


272
00:16:37,066 --> 00:16:39,966
...TO DRAPE THEM OVER THE HAM.
...把它们放在火腿上


273
00:16:40,066 --> 00:16:42,233
ESLINGER: TAMMIE STILL EXPERIENCES
ESLINGER：TAMMIE仍然有经验


274
00:16:42,333 --> 00:16:45,600
SOME LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION.
情绪表达的某些水平。


275
00:16:45,700 --> 00:16:49,333
IT'S JUST THAT IT'S VERY KIND OF ELEMENTARY IN A WAY
只是某种意义上的基本知识


276
00:16:49,433 --> 00:16:51,600
AND IT'S NOT LINKED INTO THE LOGICAL SYSTEM.
并且它没有链接到逻辑系统。


277
00:16:51,700 --> 00:16:53,000
I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHAT THE DIFFERENCE IS
我不了解区别是什么


278
00:16:53,100 --> 00:16:55,000
OF ALL THESE THINGS.
所有这些事情。


279
00:16:55,100 --> 00:16:57,733
RIGHT, IF I FORGET THINGS, I'LL GET MY HUSBAND TO PICK THEM UP, 'CAUSE...
是的，如果我忘记了事情，我会叫我的丈夫来接他们，因为


280
00:16:57,833 --> 00:17:00,466
EAGLEMAN: ESLINGER WANTS TO SEE HOW TAMMY COPES WITH
EAGLEMAN：ESLINGER希望了解如何处理Tammy


281
00:17:00,566 --> 00:17:05,133
THE MOST BASIC OF CHOICES-- WHAT SHOULD SHE BUY FOR DINNER?
选择的最基本原则-她应该为晚餐买什么？


282
00:17:05,233 --> 00:17:06,666
SO HERE YOU HAVE SOME CHOICES.
因此，您在这里有一些选择。


283
00:17:06,766 --> 00:17:09,633
HOW DO YOU DECIDE WHAT IT IS YOU WOULD LIKE?
您如何确定自己会喜欢什么？


284
00:17:09,733 --> 00:17:11,766
UM, I JUST LOOK
嗯，我只是看


285
00:17:11,866 --> 00:17:14,933
AT DIFFERENT THINGS THAT ARE HERE
在这里有不同的事情


286
00:17:15,033 --> 00:17:16,966
AND THE DIFFERENT PRICES,
和不同的价格


287
00:17:17,066 --> 00:17:17,966
AND, UH,
和，呃，


288
00:17:18,066 --> 00:17:20,033
I DON'T WANT BIG POTATOES.
我不要大土豆。


289
00:17:20,133 --> 00:17:24,933
I'D PROBABLY JUST PICK UP A BAG OF, LIKE...
我大概会捡起一个袋子，就像...


290
00:17:25,033 --> 00:17:26,933
MAYBE THE GOLD POTATOES OR...
也许是金土豆还是...


291
00:17:27,033 --> 00:17:29,433
ESLINGER: SHE WAS TAKING IN THE INFORMATION ACCURATELY
ESLINGER：SHE正在准确地获取信息


292
00:17:29,533 --> 00:17:32,433
ABOUT WHAT SHE WAS SEEING AND THE FACT THERE WAS COST
关于她在看什么，事实是有成本的


293
00:17:32,533 --> 00:17:35,066
AND THERE WAS SIZE AND COLOR.
并且有大小和颜色。


294
00:17:35,166 --> 00:17:38,333
SO HER BRAIN WAS PROCESSING ALL THE LOGICAL INFORMATION
因此她的大脑正在处理所有逻辑信息


295
00:17:38,433 --> 00:17:42,333
BUT THE EMOTION SYSTEM WASN'T COMING INTO PLAY,
但是情绪系统无法发挥作用，


296
00:17:42,433 --> 00:17:44,366
LINKING TO THAT LOGIC SYSTEM.
链接到该逻辑系统。


297
00:17:44,466 --> 00:17:45,966
THERE IS SO MANY.
有很多。


298
00:17:46,066 --> 00:17:47,466
WHY DO YOU NEED SO MANY POTATOES?
为什么需要那么多土豆？


299
00:17:47,566 --> 00:17:48,800
THAT'S RIGHT.
那就对了。


300
00:17:48,900 --> 00:17:50,866
MY CHEST IS ALL TIGHT, THINKING ABOUT ALL THIS.
我的胸部紧绷，想着所有这些。


301
00:17:50,966 --> 00:17:52,233
WELL, WHY IS THAT?
好吧，为什么呢？


302
00:17:52,333 --> 00:17:55,233
BECAUSE IT'S STRESS, IT'S A DECISION,
因为这是压力，是决定，


303
00:17:55,333 --> 00:17:58,366
IT'S, UM--THERE'S A LOT OF STUFF LAYING HERE.
是，嗯-这里堆满了很多东西。


304
00:18:00,900 --> 00:18:03,800
ESLINGER: TAMMIE QUICKLY BECAME OVERWHELMED WITH INFORMATION
ESLINGER：TAMMIE很快就被信息淹没了


305
00:18:03,900 --> 00:18:06,933
THAT SHE COULDN'T PRIORITIZE.
她无法优先考虑。


306
00:18:07,033 --> 00:18:08,833
THE ROUTE THAT SHE TOOK WAS,
她走的路线是


307
00:18:08,933 --> 00:18:11,033
"WELL, LET ME TAKE THAT ONE AND GET OUT OF HERE."
“好吧，让我采取行动，然后离开这里。”


308
00:18:11,133 --> 00:18:12,666
I CAN'T PROCESS THE INFORMATION.
我无法处理该信息。


309
00:18:12,766 --> 00:18:14,266
IT'S TOO MUCH.
太多了。


310
00:18:14,366 --> 00:18:15,633
NOW, WAS THAT TRUE BEFORE YOUR ACCIDENT?
现在，在您遇到事故之前，这是真的吗？


311
00:18:15,733 --> 00:18:17,833
NO, NO. I WAS AN ENGINEER.
不，不。


312
00:18:17,933 --> 00:18:21,066
I COULD DO EVERYTHING, BUT NOW I CAN'T,
我可以做任何事情，但现在我做不到，


313
00:18:21,166 --> 00:18:23,600
CAN'T PICK A HAM, LET ALONE... MAKE 10 DECISIONS
不能挑火腿，让我们一个人...做出10个决定


314
00:18:23,700 --> 00:18:25,400
AT WORK WITHIN THE NEXT HOUR...
在接下来的几小时内工作...


315
00:18:25,500 --> 00:18:27,033
10 DECISIONS MAYBE IN THE WEEK.
本周可能有10个决定。


316
00:18:29,466 --> 00:18:32,233
EAGLEMAN: THE SITUATION MAKES TAMMIE STRESSED
EAGLEMAN：形势使塔米感到压力重重


317
00:18:32,333 --> 00:18:36,366
BUT SHE CAN'T MAKE HERSELF CARE ABOUT HER CHOICES.
但是她不能自行选择照顾自己的人。


318
00:18:36,466 --> 00:18:39,333
TO MAKE A DECISION, SHE NEEDS TO SOMEHOW
要做出决定，她需要做些什么


319
00:18:39,433 --> 00:18:41,933
VALUE ONE OPTION OVER ANOTHER.
比其他选择更有价值。


320
00:18:42,033 --> 00:18:44,666
IT'S A LOT OF INFORMATION TO PROCESS.
这是很多要处理的信息。


321
00:18:44,766 --> 00:18:46,033
THAT'S WHAT IT IS...
那是什么...


322
00:18:46,133 --> 00:18:48,266
EAGLEMAN: AND THAT CAN ONLY BE DONE WITH
EAGLEMAN：只有这样才能做到


323
00:18:48,366 --> 00:18:50,000
THE HELP OF THE EMOTIONS.
情绪的帮助。


324
00:18:50,100 --> 00:18:51,333
TAMMIE: IT'S INFORMATION THAT YOU HAVE TO PUT
TAMMIE：您必须输入的信息


325
00:18:51,433 --> 00:18:53,000
INTO YOUR HEAD, I GUESS...
我猜到你的头...


326
00:18:53,100 --> 00:18:55,866
ESLINGER: THE LOGICAL BRAIN SYSTEM STILL IS VERY STRONG
ESLINGER：逻辑脑系统仍然非常强大


327
00:18:55,966 --> 00:18:59,166
AND WE WANT TO FORCE IT TO TAP INTO THE EMOTION SYSTEM.
并且我们要强制将其应用到情绪系统中。


328
00:18:59,266 --> 00:19:00,800
SO ONE OF THE THINGS WE DO DAY TO DAY
因此，我们每天要做的一件事情


329
00:19:00,900 --> 00:19:03,866
IS WE DISCARD THINGS THAT ARE NOT SO IMPORTANT.
我们是否忽略了不太重要的事情？


330
00:19:03,966 --> 00:19:05,766
AND SOMETIMES IT'S OUR EMOTIONS THAT
有时候这是我们的情感


331
00:19:05,866 --> 00:19:07,600
HELP US DO THAT SEPARATION.
帮助我们做到这一点。


332
00:19:07,700 --> 00:19:11,066
BY HAVING THAT LOGICAL BRAIN SYSTEM WORK ON THE PROCESS,
通过使逻辑大脑系统在该过程中起作用，


333
00:19:11,166 --> 00:19:12,400
WE MAY BE ABLE TO BREAK THROUGH
我们也许可以突破


334
00:19:12,500 --> 00:19:15,800
AT LEAST IN SOME WAYS TO RECONNECT THOSE.
至少以某些方式重新连接这些。


335
00:19:15,900 --> 00:19:19,000
I--I...I JUST SIT...
我-我...我就坐...


336
00:19:19,100 --> 00:19:21,366
TAMMIE: I DON'T KNOW WHAT TOMORROW IS--
TAMMIE：我不知道明天是什么-


337
00:19:21,466 --> 00:19:23,533
AM I GONNA BE BETTER, AM I GONNA BE WORSE?
我会更好吗，我会感到更糟吗？


338
00:19:23,633 --> 00:19:25,533
ESLINGER: YEAH.
艾斯林格：是的。


339
00:19:25,633 --> 00:19:28,166
IT SEEMS LIKE THE PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
它就像拼图的碎片


340
00:19:28,266 --> 00:19:30,866
COULD BE COMING TOGETHER IN A GRADUAL FASHION,
可能会一起流行


341
00:19:30,966 --> 00:19:34,466
BUT IT'S REALLY SLOW--AS FAR AS
但是它真的很慢-远不及


342
00:19:34,566 --> 00:19:36,600
MY PAST BEING WOULD HAVE ACCEPTED.
我的过去将被接受。


343
00:19:39,866 --> 00:19:42,066
EAGLEMAN: TAMMIE'S STORY SHOWS HOW IMPORTANT
EAGLEMAN：TAMMIE的故事显示了重要的


344
00:19:42,166 --> 00:19:44,400
EMOTIONS ARE IN MAKING DECISIONS.
动机在于决策。


345
00:19:46,733 --> 00:19:48,466
BUT HERE'S THE THING.
但是，这就是事情。


346
00:19:48,566 --> 00:19:52,966
EMOTIONS DON'T JUST HAPPEN INSIDE THE BRAIN.
大脑中不会发生情绪。


347
00:19:53,066 --> 00:19:57,033
OUR EMOTIONAL SYSTEMS INTERACT WITH THE REST OF OUR PHYSIOLOGY.
我们的情绪系统与我们的其余生理相互作用。


348
00:19:58,933 --> 00:20:04,666
WHEN WE'RE FACED WITH CHOICES, OUR MUSCLES IMPERCEPTIBLY TENSE,
当我们面对选择时，我们的肌肉会发生不可预知的时态，


349
00:20:04,766 --> 00:20:07,400
OUR HORMONE LEVELS FLUCTUATE.
我们的激素水平波动。


350
00:20:07,500 --> 00:20:12,833
THESE ARE AUTOMATIC, PHYSICAL REACTIONS--GUT FEELINGS.
这些是自动的物理反应-肠道感觉。


351
00:20:12,933 --> 00:20:14,066
AND WE NEED THEM.
我们需要他们。


352
00:20:15,833 --> 00:20:17,833
I'M TRYING TO DECIDE WHAT KIND OF SOUP I WANT,
我想确定我想吃哪种汤，


353
00:20:17,933 --> 00:20:19,366
BUT IT'S A REALLY DIFFICULT CHOICE.
但是这是一个非常困难的选择。


354
00:20:19,466 --> 00:20:21,400
THERE ARE SO MANY DETAILS FOR MY BRAIN TO COMPUTE.
我的大脑需要计算的细节很多。


355
00:20:23,133 --> 00:20:27,400
THERE IS CALORIES AND PRICE AND TASTE AND SALT AND PACKAGING.
有卡路里，价格，口味，盐和包装。


356
00:20:27,500 --> 00:20:29,433
THERE ARE A MILLION DETAILS HERE,
这里有百万细节


357
00:20:29,533 --> 00:20:31,466
AND I'M GONNA BE PARALYZED ALL DAY
我全天都瘫痪了


358
00:20:31,566 --> 00:20:34,333
UNDER THIS MOUNTAIN OF DATA, SO WHAT I REALLY NEED IS
在此数据山下，我真正需要的是


359
00:20:34,433 --> 00:20:36,633
SOME SORT OF SUMMARY, A QUICK READ,
一些摘要，快速阅读，


360
00:20:36,733 --> 00:20:41,000
AND THAT'S WHAT THE PHYSIOLOGIC STATES OF MY BODY GIVE ME.
这就是我身体的生理状态。


361
00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:43,000
IT ALLOWS ME TO PUT A VALUE ON THIS CHOICE
它使我能够在此选择上投入价值


362
00:20:43,100 --> 00:20:44,766
AND A VALUE ON THAT CHOICE
和选择的价值


363
00:20:44,866 --> 00:20:47,666
AND THAT'S WHAT ALLOWS ME TO MAKE THE DECISION.
这就是我做出决定的原因。


364
00:20:54,566 --> 00:20:59,000
THIS CONVERSATION BETWEEN THE BODY AND THE BRAIN NEVER STOPS.
身体和大脑之间的这种对话永远不会停止。


365
00:21:00,633 --> 00:21:02,866
BUT IT REALLY COMES TO THE FORE
但它真的走到了前台


366
00:21:02,966 --> 00:21:05,033
WHEN WE'RE STRESSED OR IN DANGER.
当我们感到压力或处于危险中时。


367
00:21:11,866 --> 00:21:13,300
TAKE THIS SITUATION.
采取这种情况。


368
00:21:16,033 --> 00:21:19,066
BEFORE I THINK RATIONALLY ABOUT WHAT'S GOING ON,
在我对发生的事情进行理性的思考之前，


369
00:21:19,166 --> 00:21:20,566
I REACT PHYSICALLY.
我身体反应。


370
00:21:24,633 --> 00:21:26,633
MY SWEAT GLANDS OPEN...
我的汗腺打开...


371
00:21:28,866 --> 00:21:30,466
MY HEART RATE INCREASES...
我的心律增加...


372
00:21:32,366 --> 00:21:34,466
MY PUPILS DILATE.
我的学生膨胀。


373
00:21:34,566 --> 00:21:37,033
MY BODY'S SCREAMING A SIMPLE MESSAGE...
我的身体正在发送简单的消息...


374
00:21:37,133 --> 00:21:38,466
[TIRES SCREECH]
[轮胎搜寻]


375
00:21:38,566 --> 00:21:39,833
"GET ME OUT OF HERE!"
“带我离开这里！”


376
00:21:44,333 --> 00:21:47,233
EVERY DAY, WE EXPERIENCE EMOTIONAL STATES LIKE THIS
每天，我们都会像这样体验情绪状态


377
00:21:47,333 --> 00:21:50,266
BUT BECAUSE THEY'RE MOSTLY SUBTLE AND UNCONSCIOUS,
但是，因为它们大多是微妙而无聊的，


378
00:21:50,366 --> 00:21:52,233
WE'RE NOT TYPICALLY AWARE OF THEM.
我们通常不知道它们。


379
00:21:52,333 --> 00:21:55,466
BUT IT TURNS OUT THESE STATES ARE CRUCIAL FOR NAVIGATING
但事实证明，这些状态对于导航至关重要


380
00:21:55,566 --> 00:21:57,500
ALL THE DECISIONS IN OUR LIFE.
我们生活中的所有决定。


381
00:22:04,966 --> 00:22:09,233
MOST OF US TEND TO DISTRUST DECISIONS BASED ON FEELINGS,
在美国，大多数人倾向于根据感觉做出决定，


382
00:22:09,333 --> 00:22:12,033
RATHER THAN INTELLECT.
比智力更好。


383
00:22:12,133 --> 00:22:14,866
SO IT CAN BE SURPRISING TO LEARN
所以可能会令人惊讶


384
00:22:14,966 --> 00:22:18,000
JUST HOW MUCH INSIGHT FEELINGS CAN GIVE US.
请问有多少见识可以给我们。


385
00:22:23,633 --> 00:22:27,600
RICHARD TUNNEY IS AN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST.
理查德·塔尼（Richard Tunney）是一名实验心理学家。


386
00:22:27,700 --> 00:22:31,666
HE STUDIES THE FORMATION OF UNCONSCIOUS DECISIONS.
他研究不确定决定的形成。


387
00:22:31,766 --> 00:22:35,300
JUST GONNA CONNECT THESE ELECTRODES...
刚纳连接这些电极...


388
00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:40,033
HE'S RUNNING AN EXPERIMENT KNOWN AS THE IOWA GAMBLING TASK.
他正在开展一项称为IOWA赌博任务的实验。


389
00:22:40,133 --> 00:22:42,933
TUNNEY: I NEED YOU TO KEEP YOUR HANDS STILL
蒂尼：我需要你保持双手


390
00:22:43,033 --> 00:22:46,000
'CAUSE THAT WILL AFFECT THE MEASUREMENTS THAT WE MAKE.
因为这会影响我们所做的测量。


391
00:22:48,966 --> 00:22:54,000
EAGLEMAN: A VOLUNTEER CHOOSES TO DRAW A CARD FROM ONE OF 4 DECKS.
EAGLEMAN：自愿者选择从4张卡中的一张抽取卡。


392
00:22:57,066 --> 00:22:59,366
EACH TIME SHE DRAWS A CARD,
每次她抽卡


393
00:22:59,466 --> 00:23:02,566
SHE WINS SOME AMOUNT OF MONEY AND SHE LOSES SOME.
她赢了一些钱，她亏了一些。


394
00:23:05,366 --> 00:23:08,100
HER TASK IS TO EARN AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
她的任务尽可能多地获得。


395
00:23:11,233 --> 00:23:14,266
AS SHE PLAYS, SHE'S HOOKED UP TO A MACHINE
在SHE播放时，SHE被吊在机器上


396
00:23:14,366 --> 00:23:16,566
SIMILAR TO A LIE DETECTOR.
类似于测谎仪。


397
00:23:16,666 --> 00:23:20,800
IT MONITORS TINY CHANGES IN THE SWEAT GLANDS IN HER SKIN.
它的监视器在她皮肤的腺体中微小变化。


398
00:23:25,633 --> 00:23:27,233
WHAT SHE DOESN'T KNOW IS THAT
她不知道是什么


399
00:23:27,333 --> 00:23:30,600
THE DECKS ARE NOT RANDOM BUT RIGGED.
甲板不是随机的。


400
00:23:32,066 --> 00:23:35,433
IF SHE KEEPS CHOOSING FROM DECKS A AND C,
如果她继续从A档和C档中进行选择，


401
00:23:35,533 --> 00:23:37,266
SHE'LL END UP MAKING THE MOST MONEY.
舍不得赚大钱。


402
00:23:41,066 --> 00:23:45,033
THE QUESTION IS, HOW LONG BEFORE SHE FIGURES THAT OUT?
问题是，在她指出之前要多久？


403
00:23:48,066 --> 00:23:51,166
TUNNEY: THE PARTICIPANT WILL EXPLORE THE DECKS
TUNNEY：参与者将探索甲板


404
00:23:51,266 --> 00:23:55,200
IN THE FIRST INSTANCE AND THEY'LL CHOOSE FROM ALL 4 DECKS,
在第一个实例中，并从所有4个图层中选择


405
00:23:55,300 --> 00:23:58,166
BUT DOESN'T REALLY BEGIN TO CHOOSE FROM THE GOOD DECKS
但是并不是真的要从好货中选择


406
00:23:58,266 --> 00:24:02,233
CONSCIOUSLY UNTIL THEY'RE IN THE REGION OF 20-30 CARDS.
直到他们在20-30张卡片的区域内。


407
00:24:04,133 --> 00:24:07,666
EAGLEMAN: BUT HERE'S THE THING: THE MONITOR INDICATES THAT
EAGLEMAN：但是这里是事情：监视器表明了这一点


408
00:24:07,766 --> 00:24:09,933
VOLUNTEERS FIGURE OUT WHICH DECKS
自愿者想出哪种装饰


409
00:24:10,033 --> 00:24:12,766
ARE GOOD AND BAD MUCH EARLIER.
早且好。


410
00:24:14,133 --> 00:24:18,233
AFTER ONLY 10 TRIES, THERE IS A SPIKE OF ACTIVITY--
仅进行了10次尝试，就发现了一些活动-


411
00:24:18,333 --> 00:24:22,433
A WARNING SIGN--WHENEVER SHE REACHES FOR THE BAD DECKS.
警告标志-每当她到达坏甲板时。


412
00:24:24,866 --> 00:24:27,333
SHE DOESN'T REALIZE IT, BUT THAT'S THE BEGINNINGS
她没有意识到，但这是开始


413
00:24:27,433 --> 00:24:31,133
OF A HUNCH--AN UNDERSTANDING THAT HER BODY REGISTERS
的身体-了解她的身体寄存器


414
00:24:31,233 --> 00:24:33,800
BEFORE HER CONSCIOUS MIND.
在她有意识的头脑之前。


415
00:24:33,900 --> 00:24:37,533
TUNNEY: WHAT WE'RE SEEING HERE IS WE'RE SEEING SOME
TUNNEY：我们在这里看到的是一些


416
00:24:37,633 --> 00:24:43,000
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE PRIOR TO MAKING THE DECISION.
做出决定之前的生理反应。


417
00:24:43,100 --> 00:24:46,666
THIS SPIKE HERE IN EFFECT PREDICTS THE CHOICE
这种钉在这里有效地预测了选择


418
00:24:46,766 --> 00:24:48,633
THE PARTICIPANT IS GOING TO MAKE.
参加者即将到来。


419
00:24:51,066 --> 00:24:55,400
EAGLEMAN: AS HER HUNCH GROWS STRONGER, SHE MARRIES LOGIC
EAGLEMAN：随着她的成长变得越来越强大，SHE结婚了


420
00:24:55,500 --> 00:24:57,666
TO WHAT HER BODY'S BEEN TELLING HER--
对她的身体打电话给她-


421
00:24:57,766 --> 00:25:00,433
WHICH DECKS TO DRAW FROM AND WHICH TO AVOID.
拒绝提取和撤回的内容。


422
00:25:05,433 --> 00:25:07,733
OK, ELENA, CAN I STOP YOU THERE FOR A MOMENT
好了，埃琳娜，我可以停一会儿


423
00:25:07,833 --> 00:25:09,800
AND CAN I ASK YOU IF YOU HAD TO CHOOSE
如果需要选择，我可以问您吗


424
00:25:09,900 --> 00:25:13,600
ANY ONE OF THOSE 4 DECKS FOR THE REST OF THE EXPERIMENT,
除此以外的任何4项实验中的任何一项，


425
00:25:13,700 --> 00:25:15,066
WHICH ONE WOULD YOU CHOOSE?
你会选哪一个？


426
00:25:16,666 --> 00:25:19,766
I THINK I WOULD CHOOSE DECK C.
我认为我会选择甲板C。


427
00:25:19,866 --> 00:25:22,400
OK. RIGHT, CARRY ON.
好。


428
00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:25,533
EAGLEMAN: IT MAY FEEL LIKE A LOGICAL DEDUCTION,
EAGLEMAN：可能感觉像是逻辑推理，


429
00:25:25,633 --> 00:25:28,400
BUT IT'S BUILT ON A PHYSICAL FOUNDATION.
但它建立在物理基础上。


430
00:25:30,633 --> 00:25:33,833
TUNNEY: THE BODY AND THE BRAIN ARE ALL INTEGRAL TO ONE ANOTHER.
蒂尼：身体和大脑彼此融为一体。


431
00:25:33,933 --> 00:25:35,700
IT'S ALL PART OF THE SAME SYSTEM.
这是同一系统的全部。


432
00:25:39,566 --> 00:25:42,066
EAGLEMAN: IF PHYSIOLOGY ALWAYS PLAYS A PART
EAGLEMAN：如果生理总是起作用


433
00:25:42,166 --> 00:25:46,466
IN OUR DECISION-MAKING, WHAT DOES THAT SAY ABOUT US?
在我们的决策中，关于我们的是什么？


434
00:25:46,566 --> 00:25:50,466
DO WE EVER ACT IN A PURELY RATIONAL WAY,
我们是否以完全合理的方式行事，


435
00:25:50,566 --> 00:25:53,566
OR IS THAT SIMPLY AN ILLUSION THAT WE CLING TO?
还是我们只想隐瞒的错觉？


436
00:25:56,066 --> 00:25:58,333
WELL, CONSIDER THIS.
好吧，请考虑一下。


437
00:25:58,433 --> 00:26:03,466
IF YOU EVER COME BEFORE A PAROLE BOARD, KEEP AN EYE ON THE CLOCK.
如果您曾经在假面板前来，请保持时钟准直。


438
00:26:03,566 --> 00:26:07,066
WE WOULD ALL HOPE THAT LADY JUSTICE IS IMPARTIAL,
我们希望女士正义是正义的，


439
00:26:07,166 --> 00:26:11,066
BUT STUDIES SAY OTHERWISE IN A WAY THAT MIGHT SURPRISE YOU.
但是研究可能会使您感到惊讶。


440
00:26:12,633 --> 00:26:17,333
TWO MEN COME UP FOR PAROLE ON THE SAME DAY BUT 3 HOURS APART.
两名男子在同一天（但3个小时）内获得了假释。


441
00:26:17,433 --> 00:26:19,066
THEY'VE COMMITTED THE SAME OFFENSE
他们犯了同样的罪行


442
00:26:19,166 --> 00:26:21,466
AND SERVED THE SAME SENTENCE.
并保留相同的句子


443
00:26:21,566 --> 00:26:23,466
SO WHAT DOES THE JUDGE DECIDE?
那么，裁判将决定什么？


444
00:26:27,233 --> 00:26:29,333
NOW, HERE'S WHAT HAPPENED.
现在，这里发生了什么。


445
00:26:29,433 --> 00:26:31,633
THE FIRST PRISONER WAS GRANTED PAROLE
第一位主讲人获准假释


446
00:26:31,733 --> 00:26:34,833
AND THE SECOND WAS DENIED. WHY?
并且第二次被拒绝。


447
00:26:34,933 --> 00:26:36,633
GIVEN THE CRIME WAS THE SAME,
鉴于犯罪是一样的


448
00:26:36,733 --> 00:26:39,000
WHAT INFLUENCED THE DECISION?
决定受到什么影响？


449
00:26:39,100 --> 00:26:42,233
WAS IT RACE? AGE? LOOKS?
是比赛吗？


450
00:26:42,333 --> 00:26:43,800
WELL, ONE STUDY ANALYZED
好，一项研究已分析


451
00:26:43,900 --> 00:26:46,533
A THOUSAND RULINGS FROM DIFFERENT JUDGES
来自不同审判的一千项裁定


452
00:26:46,633 --> 00:26:49,000
AND THEY FOUND IT WASN'T ABOUT THOSE FACTORS.
他们发现这些因素无关。


453
00:26:49,100 --> 00:26:50,200
IT WAS ABOUT THIS.
关于此。


454
00:26:55,066 --> 00:26:57,966
ACCORDING TO THE RESEARCH, PRISONERS WERE
根据研究，囚犯是


455
00:26:58,066 --> 00:27:02,566
3 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE GIVEN PAROLE JUST AFTER LUNCH--
午餐后享受三倍的荣誉


456
00:27:02,666 --> 00:27:04,733
WHEN BOARD MEMBERS WERE WELL-FED--
当董事会成员的饮食得到充分满足时-


457
00:27:04,833 --> 00:27:07,833
THAN JUST BEFORE LUNCH WHEN THEY WERE FEELING HUNGRY.
当他们感到饥饿时，比午餐之前要好得多。


458
00:27:09,466 --> 00:27:14,000
HAVING TO MAKE DECISIONS ALL MORNING IS MENTALLY TAXING,
必须做出决定，所有的早晨都是谨慎的税法，


459
00:27:14,100 --> 00:27:15,600
AND THE JUDGES WERE SUFFERING FROM
和审判从


460
00:27:15,700 --> 00:27:17,966
WHAT'S KNOWN AS "EGO DEPLETION."
所谓的“自我枯竭”。


461
00:27:21,633 --> 00:27:24,633
THEIR BRAINS WERE RUNNING LOW ON ENERGY
他们的大脑能量消耗低


462
00:27:24,733 --> 00:27:28,000
AND THAT ESPECIALLY AFFECTS THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX,
特别是影响前皮质


463
00:27:28,100 --> 00:27:30,233
WHICH IS INVOLVED IN DECISION-MAKING.
参与决策的人。


464
00:27:31,500 --> 00:27:32,533
TRADITIONALLY, WE ASSUME THAT
传统上，我们假设


465
00:27:32,633 --> 00:27:34,566
HUMANS ARE RATIONAL DECISION-MAKERS.
人是理性的决策者。


466
00:27:34,666 --> 00:27:36,833
THEY TAKE IN INFORMATION, PROCESS IT,
他们接受信息，对其进行处理，


467
00:27:36,933 --> 00:27:38,966
AND COME UP WITH THE BEST ANSWER.
并提出最佳答案。


468
00:27:39,066 --> 00:27:41,233
BUT REAL HUMANS-- EVEN JUDGES--
但真正的人类-即使是法官-


469
00:27:41,333 --> 00:27:45,000
DON'T OPERATE THAT WAY-- THEY'RE BIOLOGICAL CREATURES.
不要那样操作-它们是生物。


470
00:27:46,966 --> 00:27:51,066
THE COURT SYSTEM SETS OUT TO BE RATIONAL AND BALANCED,
法院系统的设置是合理且平衡的，


471
00:27:51,166 --> 00:27:54,033
SO IT'S A DISTURBING THOUGHT THAT IT COULD BE HIJACKED
所以这是令人烦恼的想法


472
00:27:54,133 --> 00:27:57,600
BY THE BASIC CHEMISTRY OF OUR BODIES.
由我们机构的基本化学组成。


473
00:27:57,700 --> 00:28:02,066
EVEN JUDGES CAN BE IMPRISONED BY THEIR BIOLOGY.
即使是生物学，也可以审判法官。


474
00:28:08,466 --> 00:28:13,033
THE STORY'S THE SAME WITH SOME OF LIFE'S OTHER BIG CHOICES,
故事与人生的其他重大选择一样，


475
00:28:13,133 --> 00:28:14,866
WHERE THE DECISIONS WE MAKE
我们做出的决定


476
00:28:14,966 --> 00:28:17,466
AREN'T NECESSARILY CONSCIOUS ONES.
不需要必要的意识。


477
00:28:17,566 --> 00:28:22,300
INSTEAD, WE'RE TUGGED ALONG BY HIDDEN BIOLOGICAL FORCES.
不幸的是，我们一直被隐藏的生物力量所困扰。


478
00:28:25,633 --> 00:28:29,766
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGIST GEOFFREY MILLER HAS COME UP WITH
进化的心理学家杰弗里·米勒（GEOFFREY MILLER）出现了


479
00:28:29,866 --> 00:28:32,033
AN INTERESTING WAY TO SHOW THIS.
一种有趣的显示方式。


480
00:28:38,566 --> 00:28:43,600
HIS TEAM RECRUITED THE HELP OF 18 LAP DANCERS IN NEW MEXICO
他的团队在新墨西哥州恢复了18名舞者的帮助


481
00:28:43,700 --> 00:28:47,500
AND GOT THEM TO RECORD THEIR EARNINGS OVER 3 MONTHS.
并记录了他们在3个月内的收入。


482
00:28:50,566 --> 00:28:55,800
MILLER: WE KNOW THAT LAP DANCERS' EARNINGS FLUCTUATE A LOT.
米勒：我们知道膝上跳舞者的收入波动很大。


483
00:28:55,900 --> 00:28:59,233
SOME NIGHTS THEY EARN $800,
他们赚了800美元，


484
00:28:59,333 --> 00:29:02,966
OTHER NIGHTS THEY MIGHT EARN ONLY $150.
他们可能仅能赚取150美元的其他住宿费用。


485
00:29:03,066 --> 00:29:05,800
UM, AND THEY'RE VERY CONSCIOUS OF HOW MUCH THEY EARN.
嗯，他们非常清楚自己的收入。


486
00:29:05,900 --> 00:29:07,600
SO IT SEEMED LIKE AN IDEAL SET-UP
这样看来就像一个理想的设置


487
00:29:07,700 --> 00:29:09,966
FOR BEING ABLE TO ASK THEM HOW MUCH
可以询问他们的方式


488
00:29:10,066 --> 00:29:13,600
HAVE YOU EARNED NIGHT BY NIGHT, SHIFT BY SHIFT,
您是否已按夜赚取收入，按价转换，


489
00:29:13,700 --> 00:29:16,133
AND TO BE ABLE TO TRACK THAT IN RELATION TO
并能够追踪与


490
00:29:16,233 --> 00:29:17,700
WHERE THEY ARE IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE.
他们在月经周期中的位置。


491
00:29:20,566 --> 00:29:22,800
EAGLEMAN: MILLER WANTED TO KNOW IF A WOMAN BECOMES
EAGLEMAN：如果有女性，MILLER想要知道


492
00:29:22,900 --> 00:29:27,233
MORE ATTRACTIVE TO A MAN WHEN SHE'S OVULATING.
当她排卵时，对男人更有吸引力。


493
00:29:27,333 --> 00:29:30,600
AT THAT POINT IN HER CYCLE WHEN SHE'S MOST FERTILE,
在她最受胎的那个周期的那个点，


494
00:29:30,700 --> 00:29:35,766
A SURGE OF THE HORMONE ESTROGEN MAKES HER SKIN SOFTER,
激素的激增使她的皮肤变软，


495
00:29:35,866 --> 00:29:38,233
HER FEATURES MORE SYMMETRICAL,
她的功能更加对称，


496
00:29:38,333 --> 00:29:42,400
AND HER HIP TO WAIST RATIO LARGER.
和她的臀部腰围更大。


497
00:29:42,500 --> 00:29:45,233
THE CHANGES ARE SUBTLE, BUT MEN'S BRAINS
变化是微妙的，但男人的大脑


498
00:29:45,333 --> 00:29:48,200
PICK UP ON THOSE CUES UNCONSCIOUSLY.
随意拾取这些提示。


499
00:29:49,966 --> 00:29:52,800
MILLER: THE RESULTS WERE SURPRISINGLY STRONG.
MILLER：结果令人惊讶。


500
00:29:52,900 --> 00:29:56,366
WHEN WOMEN ARE OVULATING, THEY'RE EARNING ABOUT
当女性处于排卵期时，他们正在获得有关


501
00:29:56,466 --> 00:29:58,533
TWICE AS MUCH AS THEY WERE EARNING
赚了两倍的钱


502
00:29:58,633 --> 00:30:00,233
WHEN THEY WERE MENSTRUATING.
当他们月经。


503
00:30:00,333 --> 00:30:04,933
BUT THEY WERE ALSO EARNING A LOT MORE THAN BEFORE MENSTRUATION.
但是，他们在经期之前还赚了很多。


504
00:30:05,033 --> 00:30:08,033
SO THE REAL PATTERN IS-- IF YOU'RE OVULATING,
所以真正的模式是-如果您正在排卵，


505
00:30:08,133 --> 00:30:10,166
YOU'RE A LOT MORE ATTRACTIVE TO MEN.
您对男人更具吸引力。


506
00:30:10,266 --> 00:30:11,833
YOU'RE EARNING HIGHER TIPS,
您正在获得更高的提示，


507
00:30:11,933 --> 00:30:14,933
YOU'RE GETTING CALLED OVER FOR MORE LAP-DANCES,
您正在寻求更多的搭便车机会，


508
00:30:15,033 --> 00:30:16,833
AND WE THOUGHT THAT WAS A PRETTY COOL WAY
而且我们认为这是一种很酷的方式


509
00:30:16,933 --> 00:30:21,100
OF QUANTIFYING FEMALE ATTRACTIVENESS TO MALES.
对男性的女性吸引力的量化。


510
00:30:29,533 --> 00:30:32,133
EAGLEMAN: YOUR HIDDEN BIOLOGICAL DRIVES
EAGLEMAN：您的隐藏生物驱动器


511
00:30:32,233 --> 00:30:34,100
HELP YOU TO SELECT A PARTNER.
帮助您选择合作伙伴。


512
00:30:39,066 --> 00:30:42,100
BUT WHAT MAKES YOU CHOOSE TO STAY WITH A PARTNER?
但是您选择与合伙人住什么呢？


513
00:30:44,066 --> 00:30:47,933
IT HAS SOMETHING TO DO WITH YOUR VALUES AND YOUR MORALS, RIGHT?
与您的价值观和道德有关，对吗？


514
00:30:48,033 --> 00:30:49,800
ACTUALLY, YOUR HORMONES ARE DOING
实际上，您的荷尔蒙正在做


515
00:30:49,900 --> 00:30:52,133
A LOT OF THE DECIDING FOR YOU.
很多决定为您。


516
00:30:52,233 --> 00:30:54,000
ONE OF THEM IS THIS.
其中之一就是这个。


517
00:30:54,100 --> 00:30:55,600
IT'S CALLED OXYTOCIN.
它叫催产素。


518
00:30:57,933 --> 00:31:00,700
SOMETIMES CALLED THE LOVE HORMONE,
有时叫爱激素


519
00:31:00,800 --> 00:31:03,033
OXYTOCIN STRENGTHENS THE BONDS WE FEEL
催产素加强了我们的感觉


520
00:31:03,133 --> 00:31:05,166
WHEN WE'RE IN A RELATIONSHIP.
当我们处于关系中时。


521
00:31:06,633 --> 00:31:10,933
IN A RECENT STUDY, HETEROSEXUAL MEN WHO WERE IN LOVE
在最近的研究中，恋爱中的异性恋男人


522
00:31:11,033 --> 00:31:14,166
WERE GIVEN A DOSE OF OXYTOCIN.
给予了一定剂量的催产素。


523
00:31:14,266 --> 00:31:15,933
THEY WERE THEN ASKED TO RATE
然后他们要求评分


524
00:31:16,033 --> 00:31:18,233
THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT WOMEN.
不同女性的吸引力。


525
00:31:22,700 --> 00:31:24,333
THE MEN WHO WERE GIVEN OXYTOCIN
被给予催产素的男人


526
00:31:24,433 --> 00:31:27,066
FOUND THEIR PARTNERS TO BE MORE ATTRACTIVE,
发现他们的合作伙伴更加吸引人，


527
00:31:27,166 --> 00:31:29,000
BUT NOT OTHER WOMEN.
但不是其他妇女。


528
00:31:29,100 --> 00:31:30,266
IN FACT, WITH OTHER WOMEN, THEY KEPT
实际上，他们与其他妇女保持一致


529
00:31:30,366 --> 00:31:32,500
A SLIGHTLY GREATER PHYSICAL DISTANCE.
物理距离略大。


530
00:31:34,700 --> 00:31:37,466
SO, AN ATTRACTIVE WOMAN WALKS INTO THE BAR.
因此，有魅力的女人走进酒吧。


531
00:31:42,500 --> 00:31:44,633
LOTS OF MEN CLOCK HER ARRIVAL.
很多男人到了她的时钟。


532
00:31:49,066 --> 00:31:54,566
BUT NOT THIS GUY--HE'S IN LOVE WITH HIS PARTNER--
但不是这个家伙-他爱上了他的合伙人-


533
00:31:54,666 --> 00:31:58,266
AND PUMPED UP WITH OXYTOCIN, HIS ATTENTION DOESN'T WANDER.
并被催产素加重，他的注意力就消失了。


534
00:32:02,966 --> 00:32:05,400
FROM AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE, YOU MIGHT EXPECT
从进化的角度来看，您可能期望


535
00:32:05,500 --> 00:32:06,933
THAT YOU DON'T WANT MONOGAMY.
您不想单调。


536
00:32:07,033 --> 00:32:09,633
YOU WANT TO HAVE AS MANY OFFSPRING AS POSSIBLE.
您希望尽可能多地提供优惠。


537
00:32:09,733 --> 00:32:13,333
SO WHY DO WE HAVE CHEMICALS IN THE BRAIN THAT ENHANCE BONDING?
那么，为什么我们在大脑中有化学物质增强了键合？


538
00:32:13,433 --> 00:32:16,033
WELL, FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE CHILDREN,
好吧，为了孩子的生存，


539
00:32:16,133 --> 00:32:19,133
HAVING TWO PARENTS AROUND IS BETTER THAN HAVING ONE.
拥有两名父母要比拥有一名更好。


540
00:32:19,233 --> 00:32:21,433
IT'S SO IMPORTANT THAT OUR BRAINS
我们的大脑是如此重要


541
00:32:21,533 --> 00:32:23,300
MAKE THIS DECISION FOR US.
为我们做出此决定。


542
00:32:35,533 --> 00:32:37,800
IN FACT, THE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS
实际上，证据表明


543
00:32:37,900 --> 00:32:40,633
THAT SOME OF OUR MOST COMPLEX DECISIONS--
我们最复杂的决定中的一些-


544
00:32:40,733 --> 00:32:43,866
THE ONES WE LIKE TO THINK OF AS CAREFULLY THOUGHT OUT--
我们仔细考虑过的想法-


545
00:32:43,966 --> 00:32:48,866
ARE PRE-PROGRAMMED-- INFLUENCED BY OUR DNA--
已预先编程-受我们的DNA影响-


546
00:32:48,966 --> 00:32:51,033
ALMOST NO CHOICE AT ALL.
几乎没有选择。


547
00:32:52,333 --> 00:32:53,766
IF YOU FEEL THE LEAST BIT UNCOMFORTABLE,
如果您感到最不舒服，


548
00:32:53,866 --> 00:32:56,033
JUST SQUEEZE THE SQUEEZE BULB THAT'S IN YOUR HAND
只需挤压您手中的灯泡


549
00:32:56,133 --> 00:32:59,000
AND WE'LL STOP AND TAKE YOU OUT.
我们会停下来带你出去。


550
00:32:59,100 --> 00:33:02,666
EAGLEMAN: READ MONTAGUE USES NEUROSCIENCE TO ANALYZE--
EAGLEMAN：阅读MONTAGUE会使用神经科学进行分析-


551
00:33:02,766 --> 00:33:05,866
AND PREDICT--VOTING PATTERNS.
和预测-投票模式。


552
00:33:05,966 --> 00:33:08,066
[CHEERING]
[加油]


553
00:33:11,833 --> 00:33:15,166
MONTAGUE: IT TURNS OUT THAT POLITICAL IDEOLOGY HAS STRONG
蒙塔古：事实证明政治意识形态很强


554
00:33:15,266 --> 00:33:17,066
BIOLOGICAL UNDERPINNINGS WHICH YOU CAN
您可以进行的生物学基础


555
00:33:17,166 --> 00:33:19,033
INHERIT FROM YOUR PARENTS.
从您的父母那里继承。


556
00:33:22,166 --> 00:33:26,066
EAGLEMAN: MONTAGUE HAS FOUND A LINK BETWEEN A PERSON'S POLITICS
EAGLEMAN：MONTAGUE在一个人的政治之间找到了联系


557
00:33:26,166 --> 00:33:29,566
AND ONE BASIC REACTION: DISGUST.
和一个基本反应：令人反感。


558
00:33:32,466 --> 00:33:36,066
HE HAS VOLUNTEERS GO INTO AN MRI SCANNER
他有志愿者走进MRI扫描仪


559
00:33:36,166 --> 00:33:38,766
WHERE THEY LOOK AT A SERIES OF IMAGES.
他们在哪里看一系列图像。


560
00:33:40,133 --> 00:33:41,800
MONTAGUE: I SHOW THEM SOMEBODY WITH
MONTAGUE：我和他们一起看


561
00:33:41,900 --> 00:33:43,833
A KNIFE TO SOMEBODY ELSE'S THROAT,
对他人的喉咙刀，


562
00:33:43,933 --> 00:33:47,666
PHYSICALLY THREATENING STIMULUS, A DEAD CORPSE.
物理威胁刺激，死尸。


563
00:33:47,766 --> 00:33:50,600
SOMETHING THAT WAS GROSS, LIKE FLIES ON A SALAD
发生什么事，像在萨拉德上飞


564
00:33:50,700 --> 00:33:53,133
OR SOMETHING LIKE THIS.
或类似的东西。


565
00:33:53,233 --> 00:33:56,000
THESE THINGS ELICIT RESPONSES IN YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM
这些事情在您的神经系统中引起了反应


566
00:33:56,100 --> 00:33:57,500
AND WE RECORD THEIR BRAIN ACTIVITY.
并且我们记录他们的大脑活动。


567
00:34:00,166 --> 00:34:02,533
THEN WE ASK THEM--AND NOT EVERYBODY AGREES--WE ASK THEM,
然后我们问他们-不是所有人同意-我们问他们，


568
00:34:02,633 --> 00:34:05,266
"HEY, WE HAVE THIS OTHER EXPERIMENT WE WANT YOU TO DO,"
“嘿，我们还有其他想要做的实验，”


569
00:34:05,366 --> 00:34:08,566
AND THEY GO INTO A BOOTH AND THEY ANSWER
他们进入展位，他们的答案


570
00:34:08,666 --> 00:34:11,533
A POLITICAL IDEOLOGY SURVEY.
政治思想调查。


571
00:34:11,633 --> 00:34:15,133
HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT GUN CONTROL, ABORTION,
您如何看待枪支管制，堕胎，


572
00:34:15,233 --> 00:34:17,033
PRE-MARITAL SEX, THINGS LIKE THAT.
婚前性行为，诸如此类。


573
00:34:21,633 --> 00:34:23,966
EAGLEMAN: MONTAGUE'S RESULTS ARE STRIKING.
EAGLEMAN：MONTAGUE的结果令人震惊。


574
00:34:25,900 --> 00:34:29,133
THE GREATER THE DISGUST RESPONSE IN THE BRAIN,
大脑中的反感反应越多，


575
00:34:29,233 --> 00:34:33,233
THE MORE CONSERVATIVE THE PERSON IS LIKELY TO BE.
更保守的人很可能是。


576
00:34:33,333 --> 00:34:37,633
A SMALLER RESPONSE CORRELATES WITH A MORE LIBERAL OUTLOOK.
较小的响应与更多的人文预期相关。


577
00:34:40,233 --> 00:34:42,533
THE LINK BETWEEN YOUR NEURAL RESPONSE
您的神经反应之间的联系


578
00:34:42,633 --> 00:34:46,600
AND YOUR POLITICAL AFFILIATION IS NOT CONSCIOUS,
而且您的政治派系不是故意的，


579
00:34:46,699 --> 00:34:48,233
BUT IT'S POWERFUL.
但是功能强大。


580
00:34:48,333 --> 00:34:51,733
MONTAGUE: I THINK IF YOU ASK 9 OUT OF 10 PEOPLE ON THE STREET,
蒙塔古：我想如果您在大街上的10个人中问9，


581
00:34:51,833 --> 00:34:54,800
HOW DID YOU DECIDE TO VOTE FOR CANDIDATE X,
您如何决定对候选人X进行投票，


582
00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:56,733
THEY WOULD GIVE YOU A LONG NARRATIVE ABOUT
他们将为您带来长篇叙事


583
00:34:56,833 --> 00:34:58,600
WHAT THEY CARED ABOUT,
他们关心什么


584
00:34:58,700 --> 00:35:01,266
THE ISSUES THAT CANDIDATE X SUPPORTED,
候选X支持的问题，


585
00:35:01,366 --> 00:35:03,466
WHICH SIDE OF THOSE ISSUES YOU WERE ON
您正在处理哪些问题


586
00:35:03,566 --> 00:35:06,000
AND HOW THAT PERSON REPRESENTED THEM,
以及该人如何代表他们，


587
00:35:06,100 --> 00:35:09,466
BUT THAT IS ONLY HALF THE STORY.
但那只是故事的一半。


588
00:35:09,566 --> 00:35:13,633
THE SHOCKING PART IS THAT YOUR RESPONSE TO
选购部分就是您的回应


589
00:35:13,733 --> 00:35:19,166
A SINGLE DISGUSTING IMAGE CAN PREDICT YOUR SCORE ON THAT TEST
一个单一的图像可以预测您的分数


590
00:35:19,266 --> 00:35:22,533
WITH 95% ACCURACY.
具有95％的准确性。


591
00:35:22,633 --> 00:35:25,866
THAT KIND OF PREDICTION IS UNCANNY.
那种预测是无法估量的。


592
00:35:25,966 --> 00:35:28,466
I SHOW YOU A DISGUSTING IMAGE, I KNOW HOW
我向您展示令人作呕的图像，我知道如何


593
00:35:28,566 --> 00:35:30,266
YOU'RE GONNA VOTE IN 2016.
您是2016年的Gonna投票。


594
00:35:32,066 --> 00:35:34,600
EAGLEMAN: WE MAY REFINE OUR POLITICAL ARGUMENTS,
EAGLEMAN：我们可以拒绝我们的政治论点，


595
00:35:34,700 --> 00:35:37,200
THEY MAY BECOME MORE SOPHISTICATED,
他们可能变得更加复杂，


596
00:35:37,300 --> 00:35:42,033
BUT THE DECISION ABOUT OUR BASIC PERSUASION--THAT'S ALREADY MADE.
但是关于我们的基本说服力的决定-已经完成了。


597
00:35:46,300 --> 00:35:49,966
SO FAR, WE'VE BEEN LOOKING AT DECISIONS IN THE HERE AND NOW.
太远了，我们在这里和现在都在寻找决策。


598
00:35:51,400 --> 00:35:54,400
WHAT SOUP DO I WANT?
我想要什么汤？


599
00:35:54,500 --> 00:35:56,833
DO I PULL THE LEVER?
我会拉杆吗？


600
00:35:56,933 --> 00:35:58,066
WHO DO I VOTE FOR?
我要投票给谁？


601
00:35:58,166 --> 00:36:00,233
ORANGE. GREEN.
橙子。


602
00:36:03,266 --> 00:36:04,833
EAGLEMAN: BUT THERE'S ANOTHER ASPECT
EAGLEMAN：但是还有另一个方面


603
00:36:04,933 --> 00:36:07,233
TO THE STORY OF DECISIONS--
决定的故事-


604
00:36:07,333 --> 00:36:10,266
PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE.
关于未来的预测。


605
00:36:10,366 --> 00:36:12,033
WE HAVE TO WEIGH DIFFERENT OPTIONS
我们必须选择不同的选项


606
00:36:12,133 --> 00:36:14,366
AND GUESS HOW THINGS MIGHT TURN OUT
和GUESS如何进行转换


607
00:36:14,466 --> 00:36:16,866
AT A TIME THAT DOESN'T YET EXIST.
在尚不存在的时间。


608
00:36:18,633 --> 00:36:21,533
HOW DOES YOUR BRAIN PULL OFF THAT TRICK?
您的大脑如何拉出那个把戏？


609
00:36:21,633 --> 00:36:23,933
I HAVE ONE HOUR OF FREE TIME TODAY
我今天有一个小时的空闲时间


610
00:36:24,033 --> 00:36:26,400
AND I'M TRYING TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO.
并且我想决定该怎么做。


611
00:36:26,500 --> 00:36:28,800
I KNOW I HAVE TO GET TO THE GROCERY STORE;
我知道我必须去杂货店；


612
00:36:28,900 --> 00:36:30,800
ON THE OTHER HAND, I NEED TO GET TO A COFFEE SHOP
另一方面，我需要去咖啡店


613
00:36:30,900 --> 00:36:32,633
TO WORK ON A GRANT DEADLINE,
要完成最后期限，


614
00:36:32,733 --> 00:36:36,200
AND I'D LIKE TO BE ABLE TO PLAY WITH MY SON AT THE PARK TODAY.
而且我希望今天能够和儿子一起在公园玩耍。


615
00:36:36,300 --> 00:36:38,033
SO HOW DO I DECIDE?
那我该如何决定呢？


616
00:36:38,133 --> 00:36:40,600
WELL, IDEALLY, I'D LIKE TO BE ABLE TO KNOW
好吧，非常理想，我希望能够知道


617
00:36:40,700 --> 00:36:43,566
WHAT EACH OF THESE POSSIBLE FUTURES WOULD BE LIKE--
这些可能的未来将是什么样的-


618
00:36:43,666 --> 00:36:45,466
BUT I CAN'T TIME TRAVEL.
但是我不能定时旅行。


619
00:36:45,566 --> 00:36:47,066
OR CAN I?
或者我可以吗？


620
00:36:49,766 --> 00:36:53,200
IT MAY SOUND LIKE THE PLOT OF A MOVIE, BUT WOULDN'T IT BE GREAT
可能听起来像电影的情节，但绝不会如此


621
00:36:53,300 --> 00:36:57,033
IF WE COULD MAKE DECISIONS BY LOOKING BACK FROM THE FUTURE?
我们是否可以通过回顾未来来做出决定？


622
00:37:03,133 --> 00:37:04,966
WELL, THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT OUR BRAINS
好吧，那正是我们的大脑


623
00:37:05,066 --> 00:37:07,966
ARE TRYING TO DO ALL THE TIME--
一直在努力做-


624
00:37:08,066 --> 00:37:11,600
RUNNING SIMULATIONS OF THE FUTURE
未来的运行模拟


625
00:37:11,700 --> 00:37:14,400
AND GIVING EACH OF THEM A DIFFERENT VALUE.
并赋予它们不同的价值。


626
00:37:18,133 --> 00:37:20,866
THINK OF VALUATIONS LIKE NEURAL PRICE TAGS
像神经价格标签那样的估值思想


627
00:37:20,966 --> 00:37:24,166
THAT TELL US HOW MUCH WE THINK SOMETHING IS GOING TO BE WORTH.
这告诉我们我们想什么，这将是值得的。


628
00:37:25,733 --> 00:37:28,766
SO GOING GROCERY SHOPPING WILL PUT FOOD IN MY FRIDGE.
因此，去杂货店购物会将食物放入我的冰箱。


629
00:37:28,866 --> 00:37:31,966
LET'S SAY THAT'S WORTH 10 UNITS TO ME.
让我们说这相当于10单位。


630
00:37:32,066 --> 00:37:34,833
WRITING A GRANT WILL FUND MY LAB, BUT IT'S DIFFICULT.
编写一份赠款将资助我的实验室，但很困难。


631
00:37:34,933 --> 00:37:36,833
LET'S SAY THAT'S 25 UNITS.
说25单位。


632
00:37:38,933 --> 00:37:41,133
I LOVE SPENDING TIME WITH MY SON AT THE PARK,
我喜欢和儿子在公园度过时光，


633
00:37:41,233 --> 00:37:44,066
SO LET'S SAY THAT'S 50 UNITS.
所以说50单位。


634
00:37:44,166 --> 00:37:49,466
NOW, HERE'S THE THING...THOSE PRICES CAN CHANGE THROUGH TIME.
现在，这就是事情……这些价格可能会随着时间而改变。


635
00:37:49,566 --> 00:37:51,633
IF WE GET THERE AND WE RUN INTO FRIENDS
如果我们去那里，我们遇到了朋友


636
00:37:51,733 --> 00:37:55,466
AND IT'S BETTER THAN EXPECTED, THAT UPS MY PRICE TAG
而且比预期的还好，UPS我的价格标签


637
00:37:55,566 --> 00:37:57,266
FOR THE NEXT TIME AROUND.
下次再见。


638
00:37:57,366 --> 00:38:00,633
IF WE GET THERE AND THE SWINGS ARE BROKEN AND IT'S RAINING,
如果我们到了那里，并且机翼被打碎，而且正在下雨，


639
00:38:00,733 --> 00:38:04,400
THAT LOWERS MY PRICE TAG FOR THE NEXT TIME.
下次可以降低我的价格标签。


640
00:38:04,500 --> 00:38:06,000
AND THAT'S IMPORTANT.
这很重要。


641
00:38:06,100 --> 00:38:08,200
THAT'S WHAT ALLOWS US TO PRIORITIZE
这就是我们优先考虑的因素


642
00:38:08,300 --> 00:38:11,966
HOW WE MAKE OUR DECISIONS BASED ON THE BRAIN'S
我们如何基于大脑的决策


643
00:38:12,066 --> 00:38:14,066
BEST GUESSES FOR THE FUTURE.
最好的未来方法。


644
00:38:17,633 --> 00:38:21,866
AND IT TURNS OUT THERE'S A TINY, ANCIENT SYSTEM IN THE BRAIN
结果证明脑中有一个微小的古老系统


645
00:38:21,966 --> 00:38:24,466
WHOSE WHOLE JOB IS TO KEEP UPDATING
谁将继续保持更新


646
00:38:24,566 --> 00:38:26,100
OUR ASSESSMENTS OF THE WORLD.
我们对世界的评估。


647
00:38:29,300 --> 00:38:31,500
I'M TALKING ABOUT THE DOPAMINE SYSTEM.
我要谈谈多巴胺系统。


648
00:38:33,466 --> 00:38:37,666
THE CHEMICAL DOPAMINE TYPICALLY HAS A CONSTANT RATE OF RELEASE,
化学多巴胺通常具有恒定的释放速率，


649
00:38:37,766 --> 00:38:40,633
BUT WHEN SOMETHING TURNS OUT BETTER THAN EXPECTED,
但是，当结果超出预期时，


650
00:38:40,733 --> 00:38:43,033
THERE'S A BURST OF DOPAMINE.
多巴胺爆发。


651
00:38:43,133 --> 00:38:45,466
THAT TELLS OTHER PARTS OF THE BRAIN
告诉大脑的其他部分


652
00:38:45,566 --> 00:38:49,166
THEY SHOULD INCREASE THE VALUE OF THAT OPTION.
他们应该增加该选择的价值。


653
00:38:49,266 --> 00:38:51,633
WHEN SOMETHING IS WORSE THAN EXPECTED,
当某些事情比预期的更糟糕时，


654
00:38:51,733 --> 00:38:54,666
THE DOPAMINE DROPS AND THE VALUE GOES DOWN.
多巴胺滴下，其值下降。


655
00:38:57,666 --> 00:39:00,533
IN MOST OF US, THIS SYSTEM WORKS PRETTY WELL,
在我们大多数人中，此系统运行良好，


656
00:39:00,633 --> 00:39:02,966
BUT IT'S DELICATELY BALANCED.
但必须保持平衡。


657
00:39:03,066 --> 00:39:06,466
TOO MUCH DOPAMINE, AND THAT LOOP OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK
多巴胺过多，而且反馈积极


658
00:39:06,566 --> 00:39:08,333
GETS OUT OF CONTROL.
失去控制。


659
00:39:08,433 --> 00:39:10,300
THIS IS THE ROOT OF ADDICTION.
这就是上瘾的根源。


660
00:39:13,666 --> 00:39:19,200
NEURO-PSYCHIATRIST VALERIE VOON STUDIES ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR.
神经-精神病患者VALERIE VOON研究成瘾行为。


661
00:39:19,300 --> 00:39:22,600
SHE'S INTERESTED IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE.
她对帕金森氏病患者很感兴趣。


662
00:39:24,533 --> 00:39:27,400
THEY'RE PRODUCING LESS DOPAMINE THAN NORMAL
他们生产的多巴胺少于正常水平


663
00:39:27,500 --> 00:39:29,933
SO THEY'RE ROUTINELY PUT ON MEDICATION
所以他们常规地用药


664
00:39:30,033 --> 00:39:31,566
TO RAISE THEIR LEVELS.
提高自己的水平。


665
00:39:33,433 --> 00:39:35,800
VOON: WHAT HAPPENS WITH DOPAMINE MEDICATIONS
冯：多巴胺药物会发生什么


666
00:39:35,900 --> 00:39:37,833
THAT THE PATIENT WITH PARKINSON'S IS ON
帕金森氏症患者正在接受治疗


667
00:39:37,933 --> 00:39:40,200
IS THAT IT CAN POTENTIALLY HIJACK THE SYSTEM.
这可能会破坏系统。


668
00:39:43,866 --> 00:39:47,466
EAGLEMAN: PATIENTS WHO WERE PREVIOUSLY MODERATE IN THEIR BEHAVIOR
EAGLEMAN：以前行为中等的患者


669
00:39:47,566 --> 00:39:49,800
SUDDENLY DEVELOP ADDICTIONS
突然发展成瘾


670
00:39:49,900 --> 00:39:52,633
TO GAMBLING OR FOOD OR SEX.
赌博，食物或性爱。


671
00:39:55,166 --> 00:39:59,533
VOON: THESE DOPAMINE STIMULATING DRUGS ARE OVERSTIMULATING
VOON：这些多巴胺刺激药物过度刺激


672
00:39:59,633 --> 00:40:02,266
THE REGIONS INVOLVED IN REWARD AND MOTIVATION.
涉及奖励和动机的地区。


673
00:40:03,766 --> 00:40:06,733
YOU SEE THE CUE AND YOUR EXPECTATION OF THE REWARD
您会看到提示和对奖励的期望


674
00:40:06,833 --> 00:40:09,666
BECOMES MUCH LARGER THAN IT SHOULD BE.
变得比应有的更大。


675
00:40:13,800 --> 00:40:16,533
WHEN YOU TAKE THE MEDICATION AWAY, THEY ARE ALWAYS
当您服用药物时，它们总是


676
00:40:16,633 --> 00:40:20,466
A BIT DUMBFOUNDED ABOUT HOW THEY ENDED UP
关于他们如何结束的疑问


677
00:40:20,566 --> 00:40:23,033
ACTING THE WAY THEY DID.
用自己的方式行事。


678
00:40:23,133 --> 00:40:25,033
EAGLEMAN: AS LONG AS THERE'S NOTHING WRONG WITH
EAGLEMAN：没什么不对的


679
00:40:25,133 --> 00:40:28,266
OUR DOPAMINE SYSTEMS, IT SHOULD BE STRAIGHTFORWARD
我们的多巴胺系统应直截了当


680
00:40:28,366 --> 00:40:31,466
FOR US TO CONTROL OUR IMPULSES, RIGHT?
让我们控制我们的冲动，对吗？


681
00:40:31,566 --> 00:40:33,066
DON'T BE SO SURE.
不要那么确定。


682
00:40:36,066 --> 00:40:40,566
TAKE THE SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE MELTDOWN OF 2007.
参加2007年的次级抵押贷款合并。


683
00:40:40,666 --> 00:40:43,800
BETWEEN BANKERS HUNTING A QUICK PROFIT,
银行在快速盈利之间，


684
00:40:43,900 --> 00:40:48,933
AND BORROWERS HUNTING THEIR TOO-GOOD-TO-BE-TRUE DREAM HOMES,
和借款人寻找他们梦BE以求的梦想家园，


685
00:40:49,033 --> 00:40:53,466
IT TURNED INTO A STORM OF DISASTROUS DECISIONS.
它变成了灾难性决策的风暴。


686
00:40:53,566 --> 00:40:56,933
AS A NEUROSCIENTIST, WHAT FASCINATES ME IS HOW
作为神经科学家，我的魅力是什么


687
00:40:57,033 --> 00:41:01,566
EVERYONE INVOLVED GAVE LESS WEIGHT TO FUTURE CONSEQUENCES
每个参与其中的人都没有权衡未来的后果


688
00:41:01,666 --> 00:41:06,366
AND WERE INSTEAD SEDUCED BY WHAT WAS RIGHT IN FRONT OF THEM.
并因其正确而受到了正确的教育。


689
00:41:07,633 --> 00:41:10,733
THE VERY LOW INTEREST RATES PLUGGED RIGHT INTO
非常低的利率直接插入


690
00:41:10,833 --> 00:41:14,233
THE I-WANT-IT-NOW CIRCUITRY.
我想要的现在的电路。


691
00:41:14,333 --> 00:41:17,366
THE IDEA IS "TAKE THIS HOUSE RIGHT NOW.
理想是“立即拥有这所房子。


692
00:41:17,466 --> 00:41:19,766
LIVE BETTER THAN YOU THOUGHT YOU COULD."
比您想的要活得更好。”


693
00:41:19,866 --> 00:41:22,400
AT SOME POINT IN THE FUTURE, THE INTEREST RATES WILL GO UP,
在未来的某个时刻，利率会上升，


694
00:41:22,500 --> 00:41:24,466
BUT THAT'S A LONG WAY AWAY.
但是还有很长的路要走。


695
00:41:24,566 --> 00:41:28,133
BECAUSE THE PULL OF THE NOW IS SO HARD TO RESIST,
因为现在难以抗拒拉力，


696
00:41:28,233 --> 00:41:30,366
THE WORLD ECONOMY ALMOST TANKED.
世界经济几乎陷入困境。


697
00:41:36,566 --> 00:41:40,733
THIS PRESENT MOMENT IS A RICH MULTI-SENSORY EXPERIENCE
此刻是丰富的多感官体验


698
00:41:40,833 --> 00:41:46,533
THAT'S HITTING ME RIGHT NOW, BUT THE FUTURE, THAT'S JUST AN IDEA.
现在正在打我，但在未来，这只是一个理想。


699
00:41:46,633 --> 00:41:49,933
THAT'S A SIMULATION THAT TAKES PLACE IN MY NEURAL CIRCUITS
这是模拟在我的神经电路中的位置


700
00:41:50,033 --> 00:41:52,166
AND IT'S A PALE SHADOW COMPARED TO
和它的苍白阴影相比


701
00:41:52,266 --> 00:41:54,066
IMMEDIATE EXPERIENCE.
立即体验。


702
00:41:54,166 --> 00:41:57,066
IT HAS LESS EMOTIONAL PULL THAN WHATEVER IS
它比任何东西都缺乏情感牵引力


703
00:41:57,166 --> 00:41:58,400
RIGHT IN FRONT OF ME.
就在我的面前。


704
00:42:05,933 --> 00:42:09,533
SO ONCE AGAIN, THE BRAIN IS IN CONFLICT.
再一次，大脑处于冲突状态。


705
00:42:09,633 --> 00:42:11,966
DIFFERENT NETWORKS ARE BATTLING IT OUT
不同的网络正在解决它


706
00:42:12,066 --> 00:42:14,966
BETWEEN THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE.
在现在与未来之间。


707
00:42:15,066 --> 00:42:19,600
INSTANT GRATIFICATION OR LONG-TERM REWARD?
立即获得奖励或长期奖励？


708
00:42:23,766 --> 00:42:27,666
WHEN FACED WITH THESE SORTS OF DECISIONS, WHAT DO WE DO?
当面对这些决策时，我们该怎么办？


709
00:42:27,766 --> 00:42:29,800
WE RELY ON OUR WILLPOWER.
我们依靠我们的遗嘱。


710
00:42:31,366 --> 00:42:33,200
THINK OF WILLPOWER AS THAT THING THAT
WILLPOWER的想法


711
00:42:33,300 --> 00:42:35,133
ALLOWS YOU TO PASS ON THAT COOKIE
允许您通过该Cookie


712
00:42:35,233 --> 00:42:36,833
OR AT LEAST THE SECOND COOKIE
或至少是第二个Cookie


713
00:42:36,933 --> 00:42:39,200
OR THE THING THAT ALLOWS YOU TO HIT THAT DEADLINE EVEN THOUGH
或允许您点击甚至超过截止日期的东西


714
00:42:39,300 --> 00:42:41,366
YOU WANT TO BE OUT IN THE SUNSHINE.
您想在阳光下出门。


715
00:42:41,466 --> 00:42:44,633
WE ALL KNOW WHAT IT'S LIKE TO HAVE STRONG WILLPOWER
我们都知道拥有强大的WILLPOWER就像什么


716
00:42:44,733 --> 00:42:46,266
AND WE ALSO KNOW WHAT IT FEELS LIKE
而且我们也知道感觉如何


717
00:42:46,366 --> 00:42:48,166
WHEN YOU JUST DON'T HAVE ENOUGH OF IT.
当您没有足够的东西时。


718
00:42:52,566 --> 00:42:56,133
IN ONE EXPERIMENT, PEOPLE WATCH A WILDLIFE FILM
在一次实验中，人们观看野生电影


719
00:42:56,233 --> 00:42:58,233
ABOUT ANIMALS IN DISTRESS.
关于遇难动物。


720
00:43:02,133 --> 00:43:05,833
HALF THE AUDIENCE HAS BEEN TOLD TO REACT NORMALLY,
一半的听众被告知可以正常反应，


721
00:43:05,933 --> 00:43:07,366
TO CRY IF THEY FEEL LIKE IT.
哭泣，如果他们喜欢它。


722
00:43:11,133 --> 00:43:15,366
THE OTHER HALF ARE INSTRUCTED TO CURB THEIR EMOTIONS,
指示另一半抑制他们的情绪，


723
00:43:15,466 --> 00:43:18,400
USING THEIR WILLPOWER TO SQUELCH THEIR FEELINGS.
使用他们的WILPOWER挤压他们的感觉。


724
00:43:23,866 --> 00:43:26,200
THE KEY IS WHAT HAPPENS NEXT.
接下来是关键。


725
00:43:31,700 --> 00:43:35,033
AFTER THE MOVIE, PARTICIPANTS WERE GIVEN ONE OF THESE...
电影上映后，参与者之一被授予...


726
00:43:35,133 --> 00:43:36,766
A HAND EXERCISER.
手操器。


727
00:43:36,866 --> 00:43:39,500
AND THEY WERE ASKED TO SQUEEZE IT AS LONG AS THEY COULD.
并且他们被要求尽可能长地挤压它。


728
00:43:48,433 --> 00:43:50,966
THE PEOPLE WHO CURBED THEIR EMOTIONS
情绪低落的人


729
00:43:51,066 --> 00:43:53,800
GIVE UP SQUEEZING SOONER THAN THE OTHERS.
放弃别人比别人更受挤压。


730
00:43:57,066 --> 00:44:01,000
THEY'VE EXERTED SO MUCH MENTAL EFFORT NOT TO CRY,
他们竭尽全力不哭，


731
00:44:01,100 --> 00:44:03,566
THEY ACTUALLY HAVE REDUCED PHYSICAL STRENGTH.
他们实际上已经降低了体力。


732
00:44:06,633 --> 00:44:10,966
THIS KIND OF SELF-CONTROL-- IT TAKES ENERGY.
这种自我控制-需要能量。


733
00:44:11,066 --> 00:44:13,366
AND IT TURNS OUT THAT RESISTING TEMPTATION
结果证明了诱人的魅力


734
00:44:13,466 --> 00:44:16,066
OR MAKING HARD DECISIONS OR TAKING INITIATIVE--
或做出硬性决定或采取主动行动-


735
00:44:16,166 --> 00:44:20,133
ALL OF THESE DRAW FROM THE SAME WELL OF ENERGY.
所有这些内容均取自能源。


736
00:44:20,233 --> 00:44:22,866
SO WILLPOWER ISN'T SOMETHING THAT WE EXERCISE,
所以WILPLOWER并不是我们要锻炼的东西，


737
00:44:22,966 --> 00:44:25,066
IT'S SOMETHING THAT WE USE UP.
我们用光了。


738
00:44:25,166 --> 00:44:27,366
IT'S LIKE A TANK OF GAS.
它就像一罐煤气。


739
00:44:29,133 --> 00:44:31,600
SO THERE'S A GOOD REASON WHY WE CAN'T ALWAYS
所以为什么我们总是有一个好的原因


740
00:44:31,700 --> 00:44:36,200
RELY ON OUR WILLPOWER TO MAKE US STAND BY OUR DECISIONS.
依靠我们的威武使我们的决定成为我们的立场。


741
00:44:36,300 --> 00:44:39,000
OUR WILLPOWER MIGHT BE RUNNING ON EMPTY.
我们的WILLPOWER可能会空着运行。


742
00:44:43,566 --> 00:44:45,733
WE ALL KNOW THAT IT'S HARD TO GET OURSELVES
我们都知道很难得到自己


743
00:44:45,833 --> 00:44:48,600
TO DO CERTAIN THINGS-- LIKE GOING TO THE GYM.
做某些事情-就像去健身房一样。


744
00:44:48,700 --> 00:44:50,966
I WANT TO BE IN SHAPE, BUT WHEN IT COMES DOWN TO IT,
我想保持身材，但是当它归结为


745
00:44:51,066 --> 00:44:53,266
THERE'S USUALLY SOMETHING GOING ON RIGHT IN FRONT OF ME
在我的前部，通常会有一些事情发生


746
00:44:53,366 --> 00:44:55,033
THAT'S MORE ENJOYABLE.
更令人愉悦。


747
00:44:55,133 --> 00:44:58,800
SO THE PULL OF WHAT'S HAPPENING RIGHT THEN IS MORE POWERFUL THAN
因此，发生了什么事，权利比


748
00:44:58,900 --> 00:45:02,066
THE ABSTRACT FUTURE NOTION OF FITNESS.
健身的抽象未来概念。


749
00:45:02,166 --> 00:45:05,733
SO TO MAKE CERTAIN THAT I COME HERE, I TAKE INSPIRATION FROM
因此，为了确定我的来意，我从中得到启发


750
00:45:05,833 --> 00:45:08,833
A MAN WHO LIVED 3,000 YEARS AGO.
一个活了3,000年的男人。


751
00:45:12,666 --> 00:45:16,600
IN CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY, THE HERO ULYSSES
在经典神话中，英雄


752
00:45:16,700 --> 00:45:19,466
LASHED HIMSELF TO THE MAST OF HIS SHIP
鞭打他的船身


753
00:45:19,566 --> 00:45:23,866
SO THAT HE COULD HEAR THE BEWITCHING SONG OF THE SIRENS
因此，他可能会听到警笛声


754
00:45:23,966 --> 00:45:25,900
WITHOUT STEERING INTO THE ROCKS.
无需转向岩石。


755
00:45:30,566 --> 00:45:32,800
ULYSSES KNEW THAT HIS FUTURE SELF
尤里西斯知道自己将来会怎样


756
00:45:32,900 --> 00:45:34,333
WASN'T GONNA BE IN ANY POSITION
贡纳不处于任何位置


757
00:45:34,433 --> 00:45:37,000
TO MAKE A GOOD DECISION, SO HE STRUCTURED THINGS
为了做出好的决定，他构造了东西


758
00:45:37,100 --> 00:45:39,433
SO THAT HE COULDN'T DO THE WRONG THING.
所以他不会做错事。


759
00:45:39,533 --> 00:45:41,433
THIS SORT OF DEAL THAT'S STRUCK BETWEEN
交易之间的这种冲突


760
00:45:41,533 --> 00:45:43,333
YOUR PRESENT AND YOUR FUTURE SELF
您现在和未来的自我


761
00:45:43,433 --> 00:45:45,866
IS KNOWN AS A ULYSSES CONTRACT.
被称为尤里斯契约。


762
00:45:45,966 --> 00:45:49,166
MY OWN ULYSSES CONTRACT IS TO ARRANGE WITH A FRIEND
我自己的尤里约斯合同与一位朋友安排


763
00:45:49,266 --> 00:45:50,733
TO MEET ME HERE AT THE GYM,
在健身房认识我，


764
00:45:50,833 --> 00:45:54,500
AND THAT WAY THE SOCIAL PRESSURE LASHES ME TO THE MAST.
社会压力使我大失所望。


765
00:45:58,766 --> 00:46:01,166
MY FRIENDSHIP IS COLLATERAL IN THE DEAL THAT
我的朋友在交易中是集体的


766
00:46:01,266 --> 00:46:03,566
I'M MAKING WITH MY FUTURE SELF.
我正在与自己的未来做对。


767
00:46:05,166 --> 00:46:08,233
THIS ALLOWS ME TO BE THE PERSON I WANT TO BE--
这使我成为了我想成为的人


768
00:46:08,333 --> 00:46:13,566
MAKING GOOD DECISIONS--RESISTING THE SEDUCTIVE POWER OF NOW.
做出好的决定-抵御现在的诱惑力。


769
00:46:17,333 --> 00:46:20,033
COME ON, COME ON. YEAH.
好啦好啦。


770
00:46:20,133 --> 00:46:21,266
OH, YEAH, NICE.
哦，是的，很好。


771
00:46:23,466 --> 00:46:25,066
EAGLEMAN: OUR PRISONS ARE FULL OF PEOPLE
EAGLEMAN：我们的监狱里满是人


772
00:46:25,166 --> 00:46:27,366
WHO STRUGGLE WITH THIS.
谁在这挣扎。


773
00:46:27,466 --> 00:46:31,600
THEY'RE UNABLE TO LASH THEMSELVES TO ANY MAST,
他们无法将自己鞭打在任何桅杆上，


774
00:46:31,700 --> 00:46:33,300
TO AVOID THE ROCKS.
避免岩石。


775
00:46:35,266 --> 00:46:37,466
MAN ON P.A.: ATTENTION. [INDISTINCT]
P.A.上的人：注意。 


776
00:46:37,566 --> 00:46:40,966
EAGLEMAN: FOR 7 OUT OF 10 PRISONERS JAILED IN THE U.S.,
EAGLEMAN：在美国被监禁的10名囚犯中有7名，


777
00:46:41,066 --> 00:46:45,800
THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE LONG-TERM DECISIONS IS COMPROMISED.
他们做出长期决策的能力受到了损害。


778
00:46:45,900 --> 00:46:48,000
THEY ARE THERE BECAUSE OF DRUGS.
他们是因为药物。


779
00:46:51,266 --> 00:46:55,333
FOR 4 DECADES, WE HAVE WAGED A WAR ON DRUGS.
我们已经对毒品进行了十次战争。


780
00:46:55,433 --> 00:47:01,266
THE U.S. INVESTS $20 BILLION EACH YEAR INTO THIS FIGHT,
美国每年为此投入200亿美元，


781
00:47:01,366 --> 00:47:03,233
BUT THERE'S NO SIGN OF VICTORY.
但是没有胜利的迹象。


782
00:47:03,333 --> 00:47:04,733
MAN ON TV: ...AND DESTROYING THE CROP
电视上的人：...然后摧毁农作物


783
00:47:04,833 --> 00:47:07,433
BEFORE THE OPIUM COULD BE HARVESTED FROM IT.
在可以将鸦片收割之前。


784
00:47:07,533 --> 00:47:09,533
THE DIFFICULTY WITH DRUG SUPPLY
药物供应困难


785
00:47:09,633 --> 00:47:11,233
IS THAT IT'S LIKE A WATER BALLOON.
就像是气球一样。


786
00:47:11,333 --> 00:47:12,766
IF YOU PRESS IT DOWN IN ONE PLACE,
如果您一次将它按下，


787
00:47:12,866 --> 00:47:14,433
IT'LL COME UP SOMEWHERE ELSE.
它会在其他地方出现。


788
00:47:14,533 --> 00:47:16,866
SO INSTEAD OF ATTACKING SUPPLY,
如此攻击供应，


789
00:47:16,966 --> 00:47:20,033
A BETTER STRATEGY IS TO ADDRESS DEMAND.
更好的策略是解决需求。


790
00:47:20,133 --> 00:47:23,066
AND DEMAND IS IN THE BRAIN OF THE ADDICT.
需求是成瘾的大脑。


791
00:47:26,266 --> 00:47:28,933
SO IF THE PROBLEMS LIE IN THE BRAIN,
因此，如果问题在于脑筋，


792
00:47:29,033 --> 00:47:30,633
MAYBE THE SOLUTIONS DO, TOO.
解决方案也可能这样做。


793
00:47:39,933 --> 00:47:43,033
A COUPLE OF MILES FROM MY LABORATORY,
我实验室里的几英里


794
00:47:43,133 --> 00:47:44,300
THERE'S A CRACK HOUSE.
有一个裂缝房。


795
00:47:49,466 --> 00:47:51,633
IT'S ABANDONED NOW, BUT THIS WAS ONCE
现在已被废弃，但是一次


796
00:47:51,733 --> 00:47:54,166
A REGULAR HANG-OUT--FOR KAREN.
凯伦（Karen）的日常聚会。


797
00:47:59,066 --> 00:48:01,600
KAREN: IT BRINGS TEARS TO MY EYES.
凯伦：眼泪让我眼前一亮。


798
00:48:01,700 --> 00:48:05,166
BECAUSE THIS WAS PART OF THE LOWEST PART I HIT
因为这是我打中的最低部分


799
00:48:05,266 --> 00:48:06,466
WHEN I SMOKED CRACK.
当我抽烟的时候。


800
00:48:08,133 --> 00:48:10,600
AND I CAN'T BELIEVE THAT I WAS PART OF THAT CROWD.
而且我不相信我是那群人的一部分。


801
00:48:13,133 --> 00:48:15,733
IF YOU'RE NOT STRONG ENOUGH, YOU JUST CAN'T HANDLE IT.
如果您不够强壮，就无法应对。


802
00:48:15,833 --> 00:48:17,200
IT KIND OF DRAWS YOU IN.
它吸引了您。


803
00:48:22,233 --> 00:48:24,933
EAGLEMAN: KAREN HAS HAD AN ADDICTION TO CRACK COCAINE
EAGLEMAN：KAREN瘾君子开裂可卡因


804
00:48:25,033 --> 00:48:26,566
FOR MANY YEARS.
很多年了。


805
00:48:29,133 --> 00:48:32,133
KAREN: I THOUGHT I WAS IN CONTROL OF EVERYTHING,
凯伦：我想我可以掌控一切，


806
00:48:32,233 --> 00:48:33,433
BUT THAT WAS THE DRUG.
但是那是毒品。


807
00:48:33,533 --> 00:48:35,433
I MEAN, I WASN'T IN CONTROL OF ANYTHING.
我的意思是，我什么也控制不了。


808
00:48:35,533 --> 00:48:37,733
I WAS A MESS.
我很想。


809
00:48:37,833 --> 00:48:40,966
DIRTY, HAIR MATTED UP, CLOTHES LOOK LIKE
肮脏，头发结实，看上去很像衣服


810
00:48:41,066 --> 00:48:43,233
THEY WERE IN A MUD FIGHT.
他们陷入了泥潭。


811
00:48:43,333 --> 00:48:45,433
I COULDN'T BELIEVE IT, AND THEN I STEPPED BACK
我不相信它，然后退后一步


812
00:48:45,533 --> 00:48:48,600
AND THINK, "DAMN, HOW DID I DROP SO LOW?"
想着，“该死，我怎么跌得这么低？”


813
00:48:54,900 --> 00:48:58,000
EAGLEMAN: KAREN'S STORY MAKES HER AN IDEAL CANDIDATE
EAGLEMAN：KAREN的故事使她成为理想的候选人


814
00:48:58,100 --> 00:49:01,066
FOR A NEW PROGRAM WE'RE RUNNING IN MY LABORATORY.
对于新计划，我们正在我的实验室中运行。


815
00:49:04,366 --> 00:49:08,000
RATHER THAN SIMPLY FORCING DRUG ADDICTS TO GO COLD TURKEY,
不只是强迫毒品上瘾的人去冷土耳其，


816
00:49:08,100 --> 00:49:10,900
WE'RE TRYING TO TREAT THEM WITH NEUROSCIENCE...
我们正尝试通过神经科学对其进行治疗...


817
00:49:14,533 --> 00:49:18,566
GETTING THE BRAIN TO TAKE CONTROL OF ITS OWN ADDICTION.
让大脑来控制自己的上瘾。


818
00:49:22,133 --> 00:49:24,966
INSIDE THE MRI MACHINE, KAREN WATCHES
在MRI机内，凯伦手表


819
00:49:25,066 --> 00:49:29,133
IMAGES OF DRUG USE AND DRUG PARAPHERNALIA.
药物使用和药物旁生的图像。


820
00:49:29,233 --> 00:49:32,100
WE ASK HER TO GO AHEAD AND FEEL HER CRAVINGS.
我们要求她前进并感到她的渴望。


821
00:49:36,233 --> 00:49:38,166
WE MEASURE THE NETWORKS IN HER BRAIN
我们在她的大脑中测量网络


822
00:49:38,266 --> 00:49:40,233
ASSOCIATED WITH THAT CRAVING.
与这种渴望相关联。


823
00:49:47,133 --> 00:49:53,633
THEN WE SWITCH AND ASK HER TO SUPPRESS THE CRAVING.
然后，我们切换并询问她抑制切割。


824
00:49:53,733 --> 00:49:57,133
OK, KAREN, WHEN YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT SUPPRESSING YOUR CRAVING,
好吧，凯伦，当您想抑制自己的渴望时，


825
00:49:57,233 --> 00:50:01,600
THINK ABOUT THE COSTS THIS HAS HAD TO YOU IN TERMS OF MONEY,
关于费用的思考，这是您使用金钱条款所得出的，


826
00:50:01,700 --> 00:50:03,000
IN TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP,
在关系方面，


827
00:50:03,100 --> 00:50:06,566
IN TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES.
在就业机会方面。


828
00:50:06,666 --> 00:50:07,600
KAREN: OK.
凯伦：好的。


829
00:50:10,500 --> 00:50:12,600
EAGLEMAN: WE SHOW HER THE SAME IMAGES
EAGLEMAN：我们向她展示了同样的图像


830
00:50:12,700 --> 00:50:15,533
AND MEASURE THE REGIONS IN HER BRAIN THAT ARE ACTIVE
并测量她大脑中活跃的区域


831
00:50:15,633 --> 00:50:18,566
WHEN SHE'S TRYING TO RESIST THE DESIRE TO USE.
当她试图抵御使用时。


832
00:50:21,066 --> 00:50:23,633
THESE ARE THE NETWORKS THAT BECOME ACTIVE IN KAREN'S BRAIN
这些是在卡伦大脑中活跃的网络


833
00:50:23,733 --> 00:50:25,766
WHEN SHE'S CRAVING COCAINE.
当她渴望可卡因时。


834
00:50:25,866 --> 00:50:28,400
NOW, WHEN SHE THINKS ABOUT ALL THE REASONS TO RESIST IT,
现在，当她想出所有理由来抵抗它时，


835
00:50:28,500 --> 00:50:31,366
THEN THESE NETWORKS COME ONLINE HERE.
然后，这些网络将在此处联机。


836
00:50:31,466 --> 00:50:34,000
AND THESE NETWORKS, THE CRAVING AND THE SUPPRESSING,
和这些网络，渴望和抑制，


837
00:50:34,100 --> 00:50:36,166
ARE ALWAYS LOCKED IN BATTLE.
始终锁定在战斗中。


838
00:50:38,566 --> 00:50:42,533
HERE'S THE KEY--WE NOW SUPERIMPOSE A GAUGE--
这是关键-我们现在要叠加一个量规-


839
00:50:42,633 --> 00:50:46,533
WHICH TELLS KAREN HOW THE BATTLE IS GOING.
告诉凯伦战斗如何进行。


840
00:50:46,633 --> 00:50:50,200
HER JOB IS TO MOVE IT BY TIPPING THE BALANCE
她的工作是通过平衡来移动它


841
00:50:50,300 --> 00:50:53,966
OF THE SUPPRESSING OVER THE CRAVING.
抑制裂缝。


842
00:50:54,066 --> 00:50:55,766
KAREN: THEY SHOW YOU PICTURES OF DIFFERENT THINGS.
凯伦：他们向您展示了不同的事物。


843
00:50:55,866 --> 00:50:59,200
YOU HAVE TO DO SUPPRESS AND THEN NOT SUPPRESS.
您必须抑制，然后再抑制。


844
00:50:59,300 --> 00:51:00,900
IT WAS LIKE A LITTLE METER.
它有点像米。


845
00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:03,600
WHEN IT GOT--THE FIRST TIME, I COULDN'T DO IT AT ALL.
当它第一次出现时，我根本不会这样做。


846
00:51:03,700 --> 00:51:05,600
THEN THE SECOND TIME, I GOT WIND OF IT.
然后第二次，我得到了很多。


847
00:51:05,700 --> 00:51:08,633
AND I HAD TO REALLY CONCENTRATE AND SAY, "HEY, THIS IS IT.
我必须真正集中注意力并说：“嘿，这就是它。


848
00:51:08,733 --> 00:51:10,066
"THIS IS WHAT I'VE BEEN MISSING,
“这就是我一直在想的东西，


849
00:51:10,166 --> 00:51:13,766
"THAT YOUR BRAIN IS THE ONE WHO TOLD YOU YOU NEEDED CRACK,
“您的大脑就是告诉您您需要破解的那个人，


850
00:51:13,866 --> 00:51:15,566
"SO WHY CAN'T YOU TRAIN YOUR BRAIN
“为什么你不能训练你的大脑


851
00:51:15,666 --> 00:51:17,566
TO TELL YOU IT'S NOT TIME FOR CRACK?"
告诉你现在还没有时间裂纹？”


852
00:51:19,133 --> 00:51:20,733
I MEAN, I CAN SUPPRESS OTHER THINGS.
我的意思是，我可以禁止其他事情。


853
00:51:20,833 --> 00:51:22,566
WHY CAN'T I SUPPRESS CRACK?
为什么我不能抑制裂纹？


854
00:51:24,633 --> 00:51:26,166
EAGLEMAN: AT THE MOMENT, SHE'S LOOKING AT
EAGLEMAN：目前，她正在寻找


855
00:51:26,266 --> 00:51:28,166
THIS BACKGROUND PICTURE OF COCAINE
可卡因的背景图片


856
00:51:28,266 --> 00:51:32,033
AND SHE'S WORKING HER WAY OVER TO SUPPRESSING THAT CRAVING
她正在努力克服这种渴望


857
00:51:32,133 --> 00:51:34,533
AND HOLDING IT THERE SUCCESSFULLY.
并成功保存它。


858
00:51:34,633 --> 00:51:37,733
NOW, THE IDEA IS THAT SHE CAN PRACTICE THIS IN THE SCANNER
现在，想法是她可以在扫描仪中进行实践


859
00:51:37,833 --> 00:51:39,966
AND LEARN HOW TO GET BETTER AT IT,
并了解如何更好地利用它，


860
00:51:40,066 --> 00:51:42,600
AND THE KEY IS WHEN SHE'S BACK OUT IN THE REAL WORLD
而关键在于何时她退出现实世界


861
00:51:42,700 --> 00:51:45,400
AND SOMEBODY OFFERS HER CRACK COCAINE,
还有某人为她提供可卡因


862
00:51:45,500 --> 00:51:50,066
SHE'LL HAVE THE TOOLS AVAILABLE TO KNOW HOW TO RESIST.
应该拥有可以抵抗的工具。


863
00:51:50,166 --> 00:51:52,566
KAREN: I'M NOT GONNA SAY I'M CURED,
凯伦：我不敢说我​​受了邀请，


864
00:51:52,666 --> 00:51:54,466
BECAUSE HOW DO YOU GET CURED OF SOMETHING
因为您如何得到某些东西的帮助


865
00:51:54,566 --> 00:51:57,533
THAT YOUR BRAIN CONJURES UP, YOUR SUBCONSCIOUS CONJURES UP?
您的大脑变态了，您的潜意识变态了吗？


866
00:51:57,633 --> 00:52:01,400
SO I TAKE STEPS TO WHEN THE THOUGHT GOES THROUGH,
所以我采取了步骤，当想法通过时，


867
00:52:01,500 --> 00:52:03,466
I PUSH IT OUT, I SUPPRESS IT.
我退出，我抑制它。


868
00:52:03,566 --> 00:52:05,333
YOU KNOW, I'M NOT GONNA SAY 3 MONTHS FROM NOW,
你知道，我现在不敢说3个月了，


869
00:52:05,433 --> 00:52:07,033
A YEAR FROM NOW, I'LL BE CLEAN,
从现在开始，我会保持清洁，


870
00:52:07,133 --> 00:52:09,066
BUT THAT'S WHAT I WORK TOWARDS DAILY.
但是，这就是我每天要做的事情。


871
00:52:13,633 --> 00:52:17,866
EAGLEMAN: FOR ME, KAREN OFFERS A GLIMPSE OF HOW NEUROSCIENCE
EAGLEMAN：对我来说，KAREN提供了神经科学的一瞥


872
00:52:17,966 --> 00:52:20,766
CAN HELP PEOPLE WITH ADDICTION.
可以帮助人们上瘾。


873
00:52:20,866 --> 00:52:23,833
SHE'S RE-WIRING HER CIRCUITRY.
她正在接线。


874
00:52:23,933 --> 00:52:27,600
SHE'S SHAPING HER BRAIN TO BE BETTER ALIGNED
她正在塑造她的大脑，使其更好地适应


875
00:52:27,700 --> 00:52:30,433
WITH WHO SHE WOULD LIKE TO BE.
她希望与谁在一起。


876
00:52:30,533 --> 00:52:33,066
KAREN: THE FUTURE IS FILLED WITH PROMISE.
凯伦：未来充满希望。


877
00:52:33,166 --> 00:52:38,233
I'M MARRIED, I HAVE A GREAT HUSBAND, I HAVE A GREAT LIFE,
我结婚了，我有一个很棒的丈夫，我有一个很棒的生活，


878
00:52:38,333 --> 00:52:42,566
AND I DON'T WANT TO JEOPARDIZE THAT JUST FOR A HIT OF CRACK.
而且我不想仅仅为了击中裂纹而绝杀。


879
00:52:42,666 --> 00:52:46,066
SO I MEAN, IT IS EVEN MORE OF A REASON WHY I QUIT CRACK.
因此，我认为，退出裂缝的原因甚至更多。


880
00:52:46,166 --> 00:52:52,033
IT HELPS MY SUPPRESSION STATE BECAUSE I CAN ACTUALLY STOP
它可以阻止我的抑制状态，因为我实际上可以停止


881
00:52:52,133 --> 00:52:54,600
AND I'M DOING IT FOR MYSELF, BUT I'M DOING IT FOR OTHERS--
而且我是为自己做的，但是我是为别人做的-


882
00:52:54,700 --> 00:52:57,466
MY HUSBAND, MY DOGS, MY FAMILY,
我的丈夫，我的狗，我的家人，


883
00:52:57,566 --> 00:52:58,966
AND THAT'S WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO ME.
那对我来说很重要。


884
00:53:03,300 --> 00:53:06,866
EAGLEMAN: KAREN HAS HOPE FOR RESOLVING THE CONFLICT THAT
EAGLEMAN：KAREN希望解决冲突


885
00:53:06,966 --> 00:53:11,800
CONSTANTLY RAGES IN THE HIDDEN WORLD OF HER NEURAL NETWORKS.
在她的神经网络的隐蔽世界中，愤怒不断。


886
00:53:14,133 --> 00:53:16,600
I THINK A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH STANDS
我想一个生物方法


887
00:53:16,700 --> 00:53:20,600
A BETTER CHANCE OF WORKING THAN MASS INCARCERATION.
比大规模安装更有效的工作方式。


888
00:53:22,133 --> 00:53:25,400
AS WE LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR OWN BRAINS,
当我们了解更多有关自己的大脑时，


889
00:53:25,500 --> 00:53:29,200
WE CAN BREAK AWAY FROM SLAVERY TO OUR IMPULSES
我们可以摆脱奴隶制到我们的冲动


890
00:53:29,300 --> 00:53:33,433
AND EARN THE FREEDOM THAT COMES WITH HAVING GREATER CHOICE.
并获得更大选择带来的自由。


891
00:53:35,566 --> 00:53:38,800
DECISION-MAKING LIES AT THE HEART OF EVERYTHING--
决定权在于一切-


892
00:53:38,900 --> 00:53:42,800
WHO WE ARE, WHAT WE DO, HOW WE PERCEIVE THE WORLD.
我们是谁，我们做什么，我们如何看待世界。


893
00:53:42,900 --> 00:53:46,266
WITHOUT THE ABILITY TO DECIDE, WE WOULD BE STUCK IN LIMBO
没有能力决定，我们将陷入困境


894
00:53:46,366 --> 00:53:48,633
BETWEEN CONFLICTING DESIRES.
在冲突的需求之间。


895
00:53:48,733 --> 00:53:52,366
WE WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO NAVIGATE THE NOW OR PLAN FOR THE FUTURE.
我们将无法就现在或未来的计划进行导航。


896
00:53:52,466 --> 00:53:55,866
NEUROSCIENCE SHOWS THAT YOU ARE NOT AN INDIVIDUAL--
神经科学表明您不是个人-


897
00:53:55,966 --> 00:53:59,433
YOU'RE MADE UP OF MULTIPLE COMPETING DRIVES.
您已经构成了多个竞争驱动器。


898
00:53:59,533 --> 00:54:03,000
AND BY UNDERSTANDING HOW CHOICES BATTLE IT OUT IN THE BRAIN,
并了解如何在大脑中解决问题，


899
00:54:03,100 --> 00:54:05,766
WE CAN LEARN HOW TO MAKE BETTER DECISIONS
我们可以学习如何做出更好的决定


900
00:54:05,866 --> 00:54:08,433
FOR OURSELVES AND FOR SOCIETY.
为了我们自己和社会。


901
00:54:12,733 --> 00:54:14,866
DR. EAGLEMAN: Next time on "The Brain,"
博士


902
00:54:14,966 --> 00:54:18,133
I'll explore how our brains are fundamentally wired
我将探讨我们的大脑从根本上如何连接


903
00:54:18,233 --> 00:54:20,366
to work together.
一起工作。


904
00:54:20,466 --> 00:54:23,933
How this social network that envelops us from birth
这个社交网络如何从一开始就将我们包裹住


905
00:54:24,033 --> 00:54:27,033
is vital for our survival.
对我们的生存至关重要。


906
00:54:27,133 --> 00:54:29,600
[ Cheers and applause ]
[欢呼和掌声]


907
00:54:29,700 --> 00:54:31,633
[ Indistinct conversations ]
[模糊的对话]


908
00:54:31,733 --> 00:54:32,766
Yeah? Okay.
是啊


909
00:54:32,866 --> 00:54:35,666
Understanding how brains deal with each other
了解大脑如何相互处理


910
00:54:35,766 --> 00:54:39,066
helps us to make sense of our past
帮助我们了解过去


911
00:54:39,166 --> 00:54:48,566
and holds the key to our future.
并掌握着我们未来的钥匙。


912
00:54:48,666 --> 00:54:50,666
"THE BRAIN WITH DAVID EAGLEMAN"
“与大卫·艾格曼的大脑”


913
00:54:50,766 --> 00:54:52,066
IS AVAILABLE ON DVD.
在DVD上可用。


914
00:54:52,166 --> 00:54:53,566
THE COMPANION BOOK IS
同伴书是


915
00:54:53,666 --> 00:54:54,966
ALSO AVAILABLE.
也提供。


916
00:54:55,066 --> 00:54:57,400
TO ORDER, VISIT SHOPPBS.ORG
要订购，请访问SHOPPBS.ORG


917
00:54:57,500 --> 00:55:01,500
OR CALL 1-800-PLAY-PBS.
或致电1-800-PLAY-PBS。