1 00:00:02,703 --> 00:00:05,604 OVER THE LAST 100,000 YEARS, 在过去的100,000年中， 2 00:00:05,673 --> 00:00:07,940 OUR SPECIES HAS BEEN ON QUITE A RIDE. 我们的物种已经骑了很多。 3 00:00:08,009 --> 00:00:10,909 WE'VE GONE FROM PRIMITIVE HUNTER-GATHERERS 我们已经摆脱了原始猎人猎人 4 00:00:10,978 --> 00:00:14,780 POKING AROUND FOR SCRAPS 到处搜刮 5 00:00:14,849 --> 00:00:17,249 TO A WORLD-CONQUERING, CITY-DWELLING, 走向征服世界的城市住宅， 6 00:00:17,318 --> 00:00:19,752 HYPERCONNECTED SUPER SPECIES, 超连接的超级物种 7 00:00:19,820 --> 00:00:21,954 AND IT'S ALL THANKS TO THE 3 POUNDS 这全都归功于这三点 8 00:00:22,023 --> 00:00:24,590 OF WET BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL STORED UP HERE. 储存的湿生物材料。 9 00:00:26,127 --> 00:00:30,195 WE LIVE SURROUNDED BY OUR INVENTIONS. 我们生活在我们的发明之中。 10 00:00:30,264 --> 00:00:33,265 WE HAVE THE MEANS TO TRAVEL, 我们有旅行的手段， 11 00:00:33,334 --> 00:00:34,767 TO MAKE, 做， 12 00:00:34,835 --> 00:00:36,735 TO COMMUNICATE, 沟通 13 00:00:36,804 --> 00:00:39,104 TO BUILD. 建立。 14 00:00:39,173 --> 00:00:42,941 WHAT I FIND INCREDIBLE IS THAT ALL OF THIS 我发现难以置信的是这一切 15 00:00:43,010 --> 00:00:45,477 WAS BUILT WITH THE SAME NEURAL MATERIAL 内置相同的神经材料 16 00:00:45,546 --> 00:00:50,182 THAT OUR ANCESTORS USED TO HUNT AND TO BUILD PRIMITIVE TOOLS. 我们的祖先曾经使用过并且构建了原始工具。 17 00:00:50,251 --> 00:00:54,253 THE GENIUS OF MOTHER NATUREAND THE SECRET TO HER SUCCESS 母亲的天才及其成功秘诀 18 00:00:54,321 --> 00:00:59,158 WAS TO BUILD A BRAIN THAT COULD INNOVATE TO MAKE THE JOURNEY 打造可以创新的旅程的大脑 19 00:00:59,226 --> 00:01:02,828 FROM PRIMITIVE MAN TO THIS IN A VERY SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME. 从原始人到很短的时间。 20 00:01:04,965 --> 00:01:08,300 I WANT TO EXPLORE WHAT IT IS ABOUT THE BRAIN 我想了解关于脑的内容 21 00:01:08,369 --> 00:01:10,969 THAT'S MADE THIS JOURNEY POSSIBLE. 这就是可能的旅程。 22 00:01:12,506 --> 00:01:15,808 IF WE CAN UNDERSTAND HOW IT WORKS, 如果我们能够理解其工作原理， 23 00:01:15,876 --> 00:01:20,813 THEN MAYBE WE CANDIRECT ITS POWER IN NEW WAYS 那时我们也许会以新方式来证明自己的力量 24 00:01:20,881 --> 00:01:24,383 AND OPEN A NEW CHAPTER IN THE HUMAN STORY. 并开启人类故事的新篇章。 25 00:01:27,588 --> 00:01:30,389 SO WHAT'S NEXT FOR OUR BRAINS? 那么，我们的大脑又要做什么呢？ 26 00:01:30,458 --> 00:01:34,059 WHAT DO THE NEXT 1,000 YEARS HAVE IN STORE FOR US, 在接下来的1000年里，我们将做什么？ 27 00:01:34,128 --> 00:01:36,161 AND IN THE FAR FUTURE, 而且在未来， 28 00:01:36,230 --> 00:01:38,630 WHAT IS THE HUMAN RACE GOING TO LOOK LIKE? 什么样的人类竞赛会像？ 29 00:01:38,699 --> 00:01:40,966 WHAT WILL WE BE CAPABLE OF? 我们将承担什么责任？ 30 00:01:42,937 --> 00:01:48,207 THIS IS A JOURNEY INTO WHO WE MIGHT BECOME. 这是我们可能成为的旅程。 31 00:01:48,275 --> 00:01:50,676 WE'LL LOOK AT HOW WE CAN USE OUR BRAINS 我们期待如何使用我们的大脑 32 00:01:50,744 --> 00:01:54,646 TO CONTROL NEW KINDS OF BODIES... 控制新的身体... 33 00:01:54,715 --> 00:01:56,415 [WHIRRING] [呼啸中] 34 00:01:58,519 --> 00:02:03,122 HOW OUR SENSORY EXPERIENCECAN BE EXPANDED TO NEW HORIZONS. 我们的感官体验如何扩展到新的地平线。 35 00:02:05,092 --> 00:02:07,025 WE'LL LOOK AT HOW WE MIGHT ONE DAY 我们期待一天的到来 36 00:02:07,094 --> 00:02:11,096 SEPARATE OUR MINDS FROM OUR PHYSICAL SELVES, 将我们的思想与我们的身体分开， 37 00:02:11,165 --> 00:02:15,734 EVEN POSSIBLY OVERCOME DEATH. 甚至有可能战胜死亡。 38 00:02:41,562 --> 00:02:43,529 THE HUMAN BODY-- 人类的身体 - 39 00:02:43,597 --> 00:02:46,865 IT'S A MASTERPIECE OF COMPLEXITY AND BEAUTY. 这是复杂性和美丽的杰作。 40 00:02:46,934 --> 00:02:49,034 IT'S A SYMPHONY OF 40 TRILLION CELLS, 这是40万亿个细胞的交响曲， 41 00:02:49,103 --> 00:02:51,203 ALL OPERATING IN CONCERT, 所有正在秘密运作 42 00:02:51,272 --> 00:02:54,173 AND IT'S ALL ORCHESTRATED 而且都是精心策划的 43 00:02:54,241 --> 00:02:57,609 BY THE 3-POUND ORGAN WE CALL THE BRAIN. 由三点式器官治疗仪呼叫大脑。 44 00:02:57,678 --> 00:03:01,713 SENSORY INFORMATION FLOODS IN. 感觉信息泛滥。 45 00:03:01,782 --> 00:03:04,116 DECISIONS ARE MADE. 已经做出决定。 46 00:03:04,185 --> 00:03:07,085 RESPONSES ARE FORMULATED. 已做出回应。 47 00:03:07,154 --> 00:03:10,189 THE BRAIN SENDS OUT COMMANDS, 脑发出命令， 48 00:03:10,257 --> 00:03:13,525 AND THE BODY MOVES INTO ACTION, 然后身体开始行动， 49 00:03:13,594 --> 00:03:17,329 BUT WHAT IF THE BRAINCOULD DO MORE, HANDLE MORE? 但是，如果需要更多的大脑，该如何处理呢？ 50 00:03:17,398 --> 00:03:21,533 WHAT IF THERE WERE OTHER WAYS FOR IT TO OPERATE? 如果还有其他操作方式？ 51 00:03:21,602 --> 00:03:24,436 WE'RE HEADING FOR A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE 我们正朝着根本的变化 52 00:03:24,505 --> 00:03:27,873 IN THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN THE BODY, THE BRAIN, 在身体，大脑之间的关系中， 53 00:03:27,942 --> 00:03:31,243 AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD. 和外部世界。 54 00:03:31,312 --> 00:03:34,279 WE'RE MARRYING OUR BIOLOGY WITH OUR TECHNOLOGY, 我们将生物学与技术结合在一起， 55 00:03:34,348 --> 00:03:38,684 AND THAT'S POISED TO TRANSFORM WHO WE WILL BE. 而这将彻底改变我们。 56 00:03:40,754 --> 00:03:43,956 THIS IS ALL POSSIBLE,THANKS TO A SPECIAL PROPERTY 这都是可能的，特别的财产 57 00:03:44,024 --> 00:03:47,826 OF THE BRAIN CALLED PLASTICITY. 脑可塑性的变化。 58 00:03:47,895 --> 00:03:51,797 IT'S BEST ILLUSTRATEDTHROUGH A REMARKABLE STORY. 这是最好的说明，这是一个出色的故事。 59 00:03:58,205 --> 00:04:00,973 MEET CAMERON MOTT. 遇见卡梅隆·莫特。 60 00:04:01,041 --> 00:04:04,943 IN THIS HOME MOVIE, SHE'S 4 YEARS OLD. 在这部家庭电影中，SHE已有4年历史了。 61 00:04:05,012 --> 00:04:07,679 ¶ I'M A PRINCESS GIRL ALL DAY ¶ ¶我整天都是公主¶ 62 00:04:07,748 --> 00:04:09,448 ¶ A PRINCESS GIRL, PRIN-- ¶ ¶公主女孩，PRIN--¶ 63 00:04:09,516 --> 00:04:11,783 I'M A PRINCESS GIRL. 我是公主 64 00:04:11,852 --> 00:04:13,685 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: ONE DAY, CAMERON EAGLEMAN，配音：一天，CAMERON 65 00:04:13,754 --> 00:04:16,054 SUDDENLY STARTED HAVING SEIZURES. 突然开始有安全感。 66 00:04:16,123 --> 00:04:18,890 OH! OOH... 哦！ 67 00:04:18,959 --> 00:04:20,759 WOMAN, VOICE-OVER:THE REALLY BIG ISSUE WAS THAT 女人，配音：真正的大问题是 68 00:04:20,828 --> 00:04:23,028 CAMERON'S SEIZURES WEREDROP SEIZURES WHERE SHE WOULD 卡梅隆（SAMERON）的WEREDROP担保 69 00:04:23,097 --> 00:04:25,530 FALL DOWN TO THE FLOOR VERY QUICKLY, 很快就跌落到地板上 70 00:04:25,599 --> 00:04:27,165 AND THEY WERE VERY AGGRESSIVE. 而且他们非常团结。 71 00:04:27,234 --> 00:04:28,333 WOMAN: CAMERON? OH! 女人：卡梅隆？ 72 00:04:28,402 --> 00:04:29,668 WHOOPSY. WHOOPSY。 73 00:04:29,737 --> 00:04:31,069 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SHE WAS DIAGNOSED EAGLEMAN，配音：她被诊断出 74 00:04:31,138 --> 00:04:33,038 WITH RASMUSSEN'S SYNDROME, 有了拉斯姆森的综合症， 75 00:04:33,107 --> 00:04:36,675 AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE THAT ATTACKS THE BRAIN. 导致大脑发炎的疾病。 76 00:04:36,744 --> 00:04:39,878 IT CAUSES PARALYSIS AND, ULTIMATELY, DEATH. 它会导致瘫痪，并最终导致死亡。 77 00:04:43,617 --> 00:04:46,151 TO SAVE CAMERON'S LIFE, 为了挽救卡梅隆的生命， 78 00:04:46,220 --> 00:04:49,321 HER PHYSICIANS PROPOSED A RADICAL SOLUTION. 她的医生提出了一种根本解决方案。 79 00:04:49,390 --> 00:04:53,158 THEY WOULD REMOVE THE DISEASED PART OF HER BRAIN. 他们将去除她脑部的疾病。 80 00:04:53,227 --> 00:04:55,394 LITTLE HARDER. 小小哈德。 81 00:04:55,462 --> 00:04:57,529 MAN, VOICE-OVER: THE PROCEDURE ITSELF IS PROBABLY 男人，画外音：程序本身很可能 82 00:04:57,598 --> 00:04:59,631 THE MOST DRASTIC SURGICAL PROCEDURE 最艰巨的手术程序 83 00:04:59,700 --> 00:05:01,933 THAT CAN BE DONE IN NEUROSURGERY. 可以在神经外科手术中完成。 84 00:05:02,002 --> 00:05:03,902 YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT A SIMPLE OPERATION. 您知道，这不是简单的操作。 85 00:05:03,971 --> 00:05:04,870 THERE ARE MAN-- 有个人- 86 00:05:04,938 --> 00:05:06,672 ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 10, 以1到10的比例， 87 00:05:06,740 --> 00:05:08,940 10 BEING ONE OF THE MORE DIFFICULT OPERATIONS 10成为更多困难的操作之一 88 00:05:09,009 --> 00:05:10,942 THAT WE WOULD TYPICALLY PERFORM IN NEUROSURGERY, 我们通常会在神经外科手术中表现出色， 89 00:05:11,011 --> 00:05:13,745 I'D SAY IT'S A 10. 我说是10。 90 00:05:13,814 --> 00:05:15,847 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SEEING NO OTHER OPTION, EAGLEMAN，旁白：没有其他选择， 91 00:05:15,916 --> 00:05:19,184 CAMERON'S PARENTS CONSENTED. 卡梅伦的父母同意。 92 00:05:19,253 --> 00:05:21,286 THE REAL RISK IN THE SURGERY IS NOT 手术中的真正风险不是 93 00:05:21,355 --> 00:05:23,355 WHAT HAPPENS IF WE DO THE SURGERY. 如果我们进行手术会发生什么。 94 00:05:23,424 --> 00:05:25,557 THE QUESTION IS,WHAT HAPPENS TO THIS PERSON 问题是这个人发生了什么 95 00:05:25,626 --> 00:05:27,859 IF WE DON'T DO THE SURGERY? 如果我们不做手术？ 96 00:05:31,665 --> 00:05:34,966 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE ISSUE WAS THAT AN ENTIRE HALF EAGLEMAN，配音：问题是整个一半 97 00:05:35,035 --> 00:05:37,836 OF CAMERON'S BRAIN HAD BEEN AFFECTED. 影响了卡梅伦大脑的发育。 98 00:05:44,878 --> 00:05:48,680 WOMAN, VOICE-OVER: OUR BIGGEST CONCERN WAS, WOULD SHE SURVIVE? 女人，配音：我们最大的担忧是，她应该生存吗？ 99 00:05:48,749 --> 00:05:51,550 WOULD THERE BE SOME COMPLICATION? 会不会有些复杂？ 100 00:05:51,618 --> 00:05:54,219 UM, WOULD WE GO THROUGH ALL OF THIS 嗯，我们会通过所有这些 101 00:05:54,288 --> 00:05:57,456 AND THEN STILL HAVE SEIZURES AT THE END? 然后仍然有测验？ 102 00:06:01,829 --> 00:06:05,897 THIS IS CAMERON'S PREOPERATIVE SCAN. 这是CAMERON的术前扫描。 103 00:06:05,966 --> 00:06:09,601 THIS IS THE MATERIALTHAT UNDERPINS HER INTELLECT 这是支撑她的智力的材料 104 00:06:09,670 --> 00:06:11,937 AND HER EMOTION AND HER SENSE OF HUMOR, 她的情绪和幽默感 105 00:06:12,005 --> 00:06:14,039 WHO SHE IS. 她是谁。 106 00:06:16,343 --> 00:06:19,211 IN THIS SCAN, THE EMPTY SPACE 在本扫描中，空的空间 107 00:06:19,279 --> 00:06:22,381 IS WHERE HALF OF HER BRAIN HAS BEEN REMOVED. 她的大脑已被移除的一半 108 00:06:23,784 --> 00:06:26,451 NO ONE COULD BE SURE HOW THE LOSS 没有人可以确定损失如何 109 00:06:26,520 --> 00:06:29,121 OF THAT MUCH BRAIN TISSUE WOULD AFFECT CAMERON. 的大脑组织将影响卡梅隆。 110 00:06:29,189 --> 00:06:31,656 WHAT WOULD SHE LOSE? 她会损失什么？ 111 00:06:31,725 --> 00:06:33,759 COULD SHE BE LIKE OTHER CHILDREN? 是否可以像其他孩子一样？ 112 00:06:36,830 --> 00:06:40,298 THIS IS CAMERON 7 YEARS ON. 这是CAMERON 7年。 113 00:06:40,367 --> 00:06:42,267 SHE'S SEIZURE-FREE... SHE'S SEEZURE-FREE ... 114 00:06:44,605 --> 00:06:46,605 AND, MORE IMPORTANTLY, 而且，更重要的是 115 00:06:46,673 --> 00:06:49,574 BEYOND A SLIGHT WEAKNESS ON ONE SIDE, 一方面有轻微的缺点， 116 00:06:49,643 --> 00:06:52,144 SHE BETRAYS NO SIGN OF THE ORDEAL 她拒绝考验的迹象 117 00:06:52,212 --> 00:06:54,913 THAT SHE WENT THROUGH. 她通过了。 118 00:06:54,982 --> 00:06:57,516 MOTT: I LIKE TO RUN A LOT 马特：我喜欢跑很多 119 00:06:57,584 --> 00:07:00,819 AND DO DIFFERENT TYPES OF STUFF OUTSIDE. 并做不同类型的填充物。 120 00:07:01,955 --> 00:07:04,489 I LOVE MATH. 我爱数学。 121 00:07:04,558 --> 00:07:08,593 GIVE ME--GIVE ME 3 QUIZZES TO DO, AND I'LL DO IT. 给我-给我3个问题，我会做。 122 00:07:08,662 --> 00:07:11,229 OK. LET IT GO. 好。 123 00:07:14,268 --> 00:07:16,802 JUST IMAGINE TAKING YOUR LAPTOP AND TEARING OUT 试想一下，膝上型电脑和撕裂 124 00:07:16,870 --> 00:07:19,471 HALF THE MOTHERBOARD AND EXPECTING IT STILL TO FUNCTION. 一半主板，并期望它仍然起作用。 125 00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:21,339 IT WOULD NEVER WORK WITH A COMPUTER, 它永远不会与计算机一起工作， 126 00:07:21,408 --> 00:07:24,409 BUT IT CAN WORK WITH A YOUNG BRAIN... 但它可以与年轻的大脑一起工作... 127 00:07:26,346 --> 00:07:28,747 AND THAT HAS DRAMATIC IMPLICATIONS. 并且具有戏剧意义。 128 00:07:28,816 --> 00:07:32,784 WE USED TO THINK OF THE BRAIN AS A FIXED SYSTEM 我们认为大脑是一个固定的系统 129 00:07:32,853 --> 00:07:35,821 WITH DIFFERENT PARTS DEDICATED TO SPECIFIC JOBS, 对于专门工作的不同部分， 130 00:07:35,889 --> 00:07:39,157 LIKE SEEING OR DECIDING OR MOVING, 喜欢看，决定或移动， 131 00:07:39,226 --> 00:07:42,928 BUT NO REGION WORKS IN ISOLATION. 但没有任何区域可以隔离。 132 00:07:42,996 --> 00:07:47,199 THE BRAIN IS A VAST, DYNAMIC, INTERCONNECTED NETWORK 脑是一个庞大，动态，互连的网络 133 00:07:47,267 --> 00:07:49,701 THAT'S ALWAYS CHANGING. 总是在变化。 134 00:07:49,770 --> 00:07:53,371 INSTEAD OF HARDWIRED,I LIKE TO THINK OF THE BRAIN 代替硬汉，我想大脑 135 00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:58,310 AS LIVE-WIRED, ANDTHAT FLEXIBILITY OF THE BRAIN 就像活着的那样，大脑的灵活性 136 00:07:58,378 --> 00:08:02,380 OPENS UP NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR OUR FUTURE. 为我们的未来开辟了新的可能性。 137 00:08:05,319 --> 00:08:08,420 IT COULD BE ARGUED THATTHIS FUTURE HAS BEEN WITH US 我们可以说这是未来的未来 138 00:08:08,489 --> 00:08:13,358 SINCE THE 1970s IN THE FORMOF A SIMPLE PIECE OF TECHNOLOGY. 从1970年代开始以简单的技术形式生产。 139 00:08:15,562 --> 00:08:17,596 THIS IS A COCHLEAR IMPLANT, 这是一个耳蜗植入 140 00:08:17,664 --> 00:08:19,831 AND IT CAN GIVE HEARING TO DEAF PEOPLE. 并且可以使人们耳聋。 141 00:08:21,668 --> 00:08:26,004 IT PICKS UP SOUNDS AND CONVERTS THEM TO ELECTRICAL SIGNALS 它会收集声音并将其转换为电子信号 142 00:08:26,073 --> 00:08:30,442 THAT PLUG DIRECTLYINTO THE CELLS OF THE INNER EAR. 可以直接插入内耳细胞。 143 00:08:30,511 --> 00:08:32,143 NOW, WHEN IT WAS FIRST INTRODUCED, 现在，当它首次被引入时， 144 00:08:32,212 --> 00:08:34,145 RESEARCHERS DIDN'T THINK IT WAS GOING TO WORK 研究人员不认为这是可行的 145 00:08:34,214 --> 00:08:37,516 BECAUSE BIOLOGY IS WIRED UP WITH SUCH PRECISION 因为用这种精密技术将生物学束之高阁 146 00:08:37,584 --> 00:08:39,818 AND SPECIFICITY AND THIS JUST TAKES 和特殊性，这就是 147 00:08:39,887 --> 00:08:42,320 CRUDE SIGNALS AND SHOVES THEM INTO THE BRAIN 粗略的信号并将它们推入大脑 148 00:08:42,389 --> 00:08:46,091 IN A WAY THAT THE BRAIN'S NOT EXPECTING. 以某种方式无法预期。 149 00:08:46,159 --> 00:08:49,294 THE COCHLEAR IMPLANT REPRESENTS A MARRIAGE 耳蜗植入代表婚姻 150 00:08:49,363 --> 00:08:53,365 BETWEEN METAL ELECTRODES AND BIOLOGICAL CELLS, 在金属电极和生物细胞之间， 151 00:08:53,433 --> 00:08:56,067 AND YET IT WORKS. 和它工作。 152 00:08:56,136 --> 00:08:58,603 AROUND THE WORLD, ALMOST A QUARTER-MILLION PEOPLE 全世界，几乎有四分之一的人口 153 00:08:58,672 --> 00:09:01,473 HAVE HAD THE CHANCE TO HEAR FOR THE FIRST TIME, 第一次有听到的机会， 154 00:09:01,542 --> 00:09:04,976 THANKS TO THESE IMPLANTS. 感谢这些植入。 155 00:09:05,045 --> 00:09:07,445 WOW. HA HA HA! 哇。 156 00:09:07,514 --> 00:09:10,482 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: HERE'S HOW. EAGLEMAN，旁白：这里是。 157 00:09:10,551 --> 00:09:14,886 WHETHER IT COMES FROM YOUR EARS OR YOUR EYES 无论是来自耳朵还是眼睛 158 00:09:14,955 --> 00:09:19,758 OR A TOUCH ON YOUR SKIN, ALL THE INFORMATION 或触摸您的皮肤，所有信息 159 00:09:19,826 --> 00:09:23,728 THAT ENTERS YOUR BRAIN IS CONVERTED INTO THE SAME STUFF-- 将您的大脑转换为相同的填充物- 160 00:09:23,797 --> 00:09:26,431 ELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS. 电化学信号。 161 00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:29,334 THESE ARE THE COMMON CURRENCY OF THE BRAIN. 这些是大脑的共同货币。 162 00:09:31,371 --> 00:09:35,273 WHEN THE IMPLANT PRODUCES THESE SIGNALS, HOWEVER CRUDELY, 当植入物产生这些信号时，无论如何， 163 00:09:35,342 --> 00:09:42,213 THE BRAIN FINDS A WAY TO MAKE SENSE OF THEM. 脑为他们提供了一种方法。 164 00:09:42,282 --> 00:09:44,749 IT HUNTS FOR PATTERNS... 它适合图案... 165 00:09:44,818 --> 00:09:48,019 CROSS-REFERENCING WITH OTHER SENSES. 与其他感官交叉引用。 166 00:09:51,058 --> 00:09:54,793 AT FIRST, THE SIGNALS ARE UNINTELLIGIBLE, 首先，这些信号是难以理解的， 167 00:09:54,861 --> 00:10:00,465 BUT SOON, MEANING EMERGES. 但是很快，就意味着新兴。 168 00:10:00,534 --> 00:10:02,767 COCHLEAR IMPLANTS REVEAL SOMETHING AMAZING 耳蜗植入显着令人惊奇 169 00:10:02,836 --> 00:10:05,971 ABOUT THE BRAIN, WHICH IS, WHATEVER SIGNALS YOU FEED 关于大脑，无论您输入什么信号 170 00:10:06,039 --> 00:10:07,906 INTO IT, THE BRAIN WILL FIGURE OUT 进入大脑，大脑将变得清晰起来 171 00:10:07,975 --> 00:10:10,809 HOW TO EXTRACTSOMETHING USEFUL OUT OF THAT. 如何从中提取有用的东西。 172 00:10:10,877 --> 00:10:13,678 AS LONG AS THE DATA COMING IN HAS A STRUCTURE 数据结构已久 173 00:10:13,747 --> 00:10:15,947 THAT MAPS ONTO THE OUTSIDE WORLD, 席卷全球 174 00:10:16,016 --> 00:10:18,516 THE BRAIN WILL FIGURE OUT HOW TO DECODE IT, 脑将想出如何对其进行解码的方法， 175 00:10:18,585 --> 00:10:22,387 AND THIS TURNS OUT TO BE ONEOF NATURE'S GREATEST TRICKS, 结果证明这是自然界最大的绝招， 176 00:10:22,456 --> 00:10:24,889 AND NOW THAT WE KNOW ABOUT IT, 现在我们知道了 177 00:10:24,958 --> 00:10:28,093 IT OPENS UP A WORLD OF POSSIBILITIES. 它打开了可能性的世界。 178 00:10:28,161 --> 00:10:31,296 WHY RESTRICT OURSELVES TO TRYING TO REPLACE 为什么限制我们尝试更换 179 00:10:31,365 --> 00:10:34,065 LOST OR DAMAGED SENSES? 感觉丢失还是受损？ 180 00:10:34,134 --> 00:10:36,368 THERE MUST BE WAYS FOR US TO ENHANCE 我们必须通过某种方式来增强 181 00:10:36,436 --> 00:10:40,038 OR ADD TO THE SENSES THAT WE ALREADY HAVE. 或添加到我们已经拥有的感觉中。 182 00:10:45,512 --> 00:10:49,714 IN MY LABORATORY, WE'VE CREATED THIS VEST. 在我的实验室中，我们创建了此背心。 183 00:10:49,783 --> 00:10:53,418 IT TURNS SOUND INTO PATTERNS OF VIBRATION 它可以将声音变成振动模式 184 00:10:53,487 --> 00:10:56,321 THAT ARE FELT ON THE SKIN OF THE TORSO. 感觉在躯干的皮肤上。 185 00:10:58,925 --> 00:11:01,760 THE IDEA IS THAT, GIVEN ENOUGH TIME, 想法是，给了足够的时间， 186 00:11:01,828 --> 00:11:03,862 THE WEARER'S BRAIN WILL LEARN 佩戴者的大脑将学会 187 00:11:03,930 --> 00:11:07,499 TO AUTOMATICALLY DECODE THESE VIBRATIONS. 自动解码这些振动。 188 00:11:07,567 --> 00:11:11,569 THEY'LL INSTINCTIVELY FEELAND UNDERSTAND INFORMATION. 他们本能地对费德兰了解信息。 189 00:11:13,440 --> 00:11:15,340 THIS IS THE ALIENLANGUAGE GAME, 这是外语游戏， 190 00:11:15,409 --> 00:11:17,809 SO YOU'RE GONNA FEELA WORD PRESENTED TO YOU 所以你是送给您的Gonna Feela单词 191 00:11:17,878 --> 00:11:20,278 AS A PATTERN OF VIBRATIONON YOUR TORSO. 作为您躯干振动的一种方式。 192 00:11:20,347 --> 00:11:22,013 THROUGH TIME,YOU'RE GOING TO GET 通过时间，您会得到 193 00:11:22,082 --> 00:11:23,948 BETTER AND BETTERAT THIS AS YOUR BRAIN 在您的大脑中变得越来越好 194 00:11:24,017 --> 00:11:27,686 STARTS DECODING HOW THESEINPUTS MAPS ONTO WORDS 开始确定这些输入如何映射到单词上 195 00:11:27,754 --> 00:11:29,421 THAT YOU KNOW,AND YOUR JOB 您知道的工作 196 00:11:29,489 --> 00:11:31,556 IS JUST TO FIGURE OUTWHAT THE LANGUAGE 只是弄清楚什么语言 197 00:11:31,625 --> 00:11:33,692 OF THE VEST IS. 背心是。 198 00:11:33,760 --> 00:11:35,994 I CAN FEEL THE VIBRATIONS ON MY BODY. 我可以感觉到身体的震动。 199 00:11:36,063 --> 00:11:38,363 IT MAKES NO SENSE TO ME. THEY'RE JUST RANDOM. 对我来说完全是无稽之谈。 200 00:11:38,432 --> 00:11:40,699 I'M AWARE THAT MAYBE ONE IN THE LEFT SHOULDER, 我很可能只剩下一个 201 00:11:40,767 --> 00:11:43,735 RIGHT SHOULDER, LOWER BACK... 右肩，后腰... 202 00:11:43,804 --> 00:11:46,137 [TROLLEY BELL RINGS] [TROLLEY BELL RINGS] 203 00:11:49,076 --> 00:11:51,609 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:ONE OF MY LAB MEMBERS, JOSHUA, EAGLEMAN，语音结束：我的实验室成员之一，JOSHUA， 204 00:11:51,678 --> 00:11:54,579 WORE THE VEST AS HE WENT ABOUT HIS DAY. 他今天的背心要好。 205 00:11:54,648 --> 00:11:58,116 AN APP SENDS A PATTERN OF VIBRATIONS TO HIS TORSO. 一个应用程序向其躯干发送振动模式。 206 00:11:58,185 --> 00:12:00,985 HE GUESSES WHAT WORD THAT PATTERN REPRESENTS, 他猜到了那个词代表什么， 207 00:12:01,054 --> 00:12:03,421 AND HE'S TOLDWHETHER HE'S RIGHT OR WRONG. 而且无论他是对还是错，他都在说。 208 00:12:05,425 --> 00:12:06,825 JOSHUA, VOICE-OVER: FOR THE FIRST WEEK OR SO, 约舒瓦，旁白：大约在第一周左右， 209 00:12:06,893 --> 00:12:08,526 I MEAN, IT'S JUST TOTAL NONSENSE 我的意思是，这完全是荒谬的 210 00:12:08,595 --> 00:12:11,730 TO TRY TO FIGURE OUT WHICH WORD WAS JUST PROJECTED ONTO ME, 试图弄清楚哪些单词刚刚投射到我身上， 211 00:12:11,798 --> 00:12:14,265 BUT AS TIME HAS GONE BY, I AM ABLE TO, 但是随着时间的流逝，我可以 212 00:12:14,334 --> 00:12:17,769 THROUGH SOME PROCESS, DISTINGUISH THEM. 通过某些过程来区分它们。 213 00:12:17,838 --> 00:12:19,871 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IT SEEMS STRANGE THAT YOU COULD EAGLEMAN，配音：您可能会感到奇怪 214 00:12:19,940 --> 00:12:23,508 UNDERSTAND INFORMATION THROUGH YOUR TORSO, 通过躯干了解信息， 215 00:12:23,577 --> 00:12:25,744 BUT THAT'S THE SURPRISE. 但是这就是惊奇。 216 00:12:25,812 --> 00:12:28,913 IT DOESN'T MATTER HOW SIGNALSFIND THEIR WAY TO THE BRAIN. 不必担心信号如何找到通往大脑的方式。 217 00:12:30,917 --> 00:12:33,651 WE HAVE THESE PERIPHERAL SENSES THAT WE PLUG IN, 我们有我们插入的这些外围感觉， 218 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:34,686 BUT HERE'S THE THING. 但是，这就是事情。 219 00:12:34,755 --> 00:12:36,521 OUR EYES, OUR NOSE, OUR MOUTH-- 我们的眼睛，鼻子，嘴巴- 220 00:12:36,590 --> 00:12:39,958 THESE ARE JUST WHAT WE INHERITFROM OUR EVOLUTIONARY PAST. 这些仅是我们继承我们过去的内容。 221 00:12:40,026 --> 00:12:41,760 IT'S WHAT WE COME TO THE TABLE WITH, 这就是我们要面对的事情， 222 00:12:41,828 --> 00:12:43,828 BUT WE DON'T HAVE TO STICK WITH IT 但是我们不必坚持 223 00:12:43,897 --> 00:12:46,931 BECAUSE IT MIGHT BE POSSIBLE THAT WE COULD PLUG 因为它可能会塞住我们 224 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:51,669 SOME SENSORY CHANNEL INTOAN UNUSUAL PORT INTO THE BRAIN 某些感官通道进入异常端口，进入大脑 225 00:12:51,738 --> 00:12:54,305 AND THE BRAIN WILL JUST FIGURE IT OUT, 脑子会把它弄清楚， 226 00:12:54,374 --> 00:12:56,608 AND IT MAY BE THAT IN THE NEAR FUTURE, 而且可能就在不久的将来， 227 00:12:56,676 --> 00:12:58,943 WE CAN INVENT NEW SORTS OF SENSORY DEVICES 我们可以对传感设备进行新的分类 228 00:12:59,012 --> 00:13:01,346 AND PLUG THEM DIRECTLY INTO THE BRAIN. 并将它们直接塞入大脑。 229 00:13:01,414 --> 00:13:03,982 IN THEORY, THERE'S NO LIMIT 从理论上讲，没有限制 230 00:13:04,050 --> 00:13:07,152 TO THE NEW SENSORY EXPANSION THAT WE CAN CREATE. 对我们可以创造的新感觉扩展。 231 00:13:11,291 --> 00:13:14,592 SO JUST IMAGINE IF WE COULD FEED IN AN INPUT 试想一下，如果我们可以输入 232 00:13:14,661 --> 00:13:17,095 OF REAL-TIME WEATHER DATA SO YOU COULD FEEL 实时天气数据，您可能会感到 233 00:13:17,164 --> 00:13:19,764 IF IT'S RAINING 100 MILES AWAY 如果要花100英里 234 00:13:19,833 --> 00:13:22,200 OR IF IT'S GONNA SNOW TOMORROW... 或者，如果这是GONNA的明天？ 235 00:13:25,105 --> 00:13:26,905 [THUNDER] [雷] 236 00:13:26,973 --> 00:13:30,275 OR IMAGINE FEEDING IN REAL-TIME STOCK DATA 或想象实时数据中的进料 237 00:13:30,343 --> 00:13:32,577 AND DEVELOPING AN INTUITIVE SENSE 和发展直觉 238 00:13:32,646 --> 00:13:35,413 OF HOW THE MARKETS WERE MOVING. 市场如何移动。 239 00:13:35,482 --> 00:13:38,216 YOU'D BE PLUGGED INTO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY. 您将被带入全球经济。 240 00:13:41,054 --> 00:13:45,557 BECAUSE OF THE BRAIN'S CAPACITY TO TAKE ON NEW INPUTS, 由于大脑具有接受新输入的能力， 241 00:13:45,625 --> 00:13:49,894 WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO EXPANDTHE EXPERIENCE OF BEING HUMAN. 我们应该能够扩展人类的体验。 242 00:13:53,099 --> 00:13:56,201 WE COULD ENJOY THINGS THAT WOULDN'T BE POSSIBLE 我们可能会喜欢的事情 243 00:13:56,269 --> 00:13:58,837 WITH THE TRADITIONAL SENSES WE ARRIVE WITH. 我们传承的传统感官。 244 00:14:00,941 --> 00:14:04,475 IT MAY BE THAT THE EVOLUTION OF OUR TECHNOLOGY, 可能是我们技术的发展， 245 00:14:04,544 --> 00:14:07,111 RATHER THAN OUR BIOLOGY, 比我们的生物学更重要 246 00:14:07,180 --> 00:14:11,282 IS WHAT GUIDES THE JOURNEYOF OUR SPECIES FROM HERE ON OUT. 从这里开始指导我们的物种之旅。 247 00:14:11,351 --> 00:14:13,852 AS WE MOVE INTO THE FUTURE, 当我们迈向未来时， 248 00:14:13,920 --> 00:14:17,822 WE'LL INCREASINGLY DESIGNOUR OWN PORTALS ON THE WORLD. 我们将在全球范围内越来越多地设计自己的门户。 249 00:14:17,891 --> 00:14:19,858 AS FAR AS WE CAN TELL, 据我们所知， 250 00:14:19,926 --> 00:14:23,761 THERE'S NO LIMIT IN WHATTHE BRAIN CAN INCORPORATE. 大脑可以结合的成分没有限制。 251 00:14:23,830 --> 00:14:25,864 INSTEAD, WE NOW HAVE THE TOOLS TO SHAPE 代步，我们现在拥有工具的形状 252 00:14:25,932 --> 00:14:28,433 OUR OWN SENSORY EXPERIENCES, 我们自己的感官体验 253 00:14:28,501 --> 00:14:31,970 TO WIDEN OUR SMALL WINDOWS ON REALITY. 在现实中传播我们的小窗口。 254 00:14:33,974 --> 00:14:35,874 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:NOW, HOW WE SENSE THE WORLD, EAGLEMAN，旁白：现在，我们如何感知世界， 255 00:14:35,942 --> 00:14:37,909 THAT'S ONLY HALF THE STORY. 只是故事的一半。 256 00:14:37,978 --> 00:14:41,012 THE OTHER HALFIS HOW WE INTERACT WITH IT. 另一半是我们如何与之互动。 257 00:14:43,216 --> 00:14:46,885 WHAT IF WE COULD USE THE BRAIN'S FLEXIBILITY 如果我们可以利用大脑的灵活性 258 00:14:46,953 --> 00:14:50,054 TO CHANGE OUR PHYSICAL BODIES? 改变我们的身体？ 259 00:14:51,958 --> 00:14:54,893 THIS IS JAN SCHEUERMANN. 这是简·舒曼（JAN SCHEUERMANN）。 260 00:14:54,961 --> 00:14:57,195 BECAUSE OF A RARE GENETIC DISEASE, 由于罕见的遗传病， 261 00:14:57,264 --> 00:14:59,898 THE SPINAL CORD NERVES THAT CONNECT HER BRAIN 脊髓神经连接她的大脑 262 00:14:59,966 --> 00:15:03,167 TO HER MUSCLES HAVE DETERIORATED. 对她的肌肉来说，它已经变质了。 263 00:15:03,236 --> 00:15:07,538 SCHEUERMANN, VOICE-OVER: I CAN'TMOVE ANYTHING BELOW MY NECK. 舒尔曼，画外音：我的脖子下面什么都不能动。 264 00:15:07,607 --> 00:15:09,974 WHERE THE STEM OF MY BRAIN MEETS MY SPINAL CORD, 当我的脑干碰到我的脊髓时， 265 00:15:10,043 --> 00:15:13,144 THERE'S SOME DETERIORATION THERE, 那里有些变质， 266 00:15:13,213 --> 00:15:15,113 AND THE SIGNALS AREN'T GETTING THROUGH, 而且信号没有通过 267 00:15:15,181 --> 00:15:18,416 SO MY BRAIN IS SAYING, "LIFT UP," TO MY ARM, 所以我的大脑对我的手臂说：“提速” 268 00:15:18,485 --> 00:15:22,353 AND MY ARM'S SAYING, "I CAN'T HEAR YOU." 我的手臂说：“我听不到您的声音。” 269 00:15:24,291 --> 00:15:26,524 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: NOW JAN'S PARTICIPATING EAGLEMAN，配音：现在，JAN的参与 270 00:15:26,593 --> 00:15:28,559 IN A TRAILBLAZING EXPERIMENT-- 在动荡的实验中 271 00:15:28,628 --> 00:15:33,398 PART NEUROSURGERY, PART ROBOTICS. 部分神经外科手术，部分机器人。 272 00:15:33,466 --> 00:15:36,534 TWO ELECTRODE ARRAYS IMPLANTED INTO HER BRAIN 两个电极阵列植入她的大脑 273 00:15:36,603 --> 00:15:41,940 PROVIDE A LINK FROM HER MOTOR CORTEX TO THIS-- 提供从她的汽车皮质到此的链接- 274 00:15:42,008 --> 00:15:45,410 THE WORLD'S MOST ADVANCED ROBOTIC ARM. 世界上最先进的机器人手臂。 275 00:15:48,949 --> 00:15:51,249 SCHEUERMANN: OK. UP, DOWN. SCHEUERMANN：好的。 276 00:15:53,887 --> 00:15:57,355 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:ITS FINGERS CAN CURL AND UNCURL. EAGLEMAN，语音结束：其手指可以卷曲和取消卷曲。 277 00:15:57,424 --> 00:16:00,959 IT CAN ROLL. THE WRIST CAN FLEX. 它可以滚动。 278 00:16:01,027 --> 00:16:04,762 JAN CAN CONTROL ITJUST BY THINKING ABOUT IT. Jan可以通过思考来控制它。 279 00:16:06,900 --> 00:16:08,132 RIGHT... 对... 280 00:16:10,070 --> 00:16:12,136 AND GRASP. 和格拉斯。 281 00:16:12,205 --> 00:16:14,439 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THOUGH SHESPEAKS THE COMMANDS OUT LOUD, EAGLEMAN，语音结束：透漏的声音让命令大声疾呼， 282 00:16:14,507 --> 00:16:16,174 SHE HAS NO NEED TO. 她不需要。 283 00:16:16,242 --> 00:16:21,679 THERE'S A DIRECT PHYSICAL LINKBETWEEN THE ARM AND HER BRAIN. 手臂和她的大脑之间存在直接的物理联系。 284 00:16:21,748 --> 00:16:24,582 DOWN. 下。 285 00:16:24,651 --> 00:16:27,018 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: AN ARM NORMALLY MOVES EAGLEMAN，语音结束：手臂正常移动 286 00:16:27,087 --> 00:16:30,154 BECAUSE OF A STORM OF ACTIVITY IN THE MOTOR CORTEX. 由于在动皮层中存在活动风暴。 287 00:16:30,223 --> 00:16:33,992 FROM THERE, THE SIGNALSTRAVEL DOWN THE SPINAL CORD 从那里开始，信号沿着脊髓向下 288 00:16:34,060 --> 00:16:35,893 TO THE MUSCLES OF THE ARM. 对手臂的肌肉。 289 00:16:37,364 --> 00:16:40,832 IN JAN'S CASE, ELECTRODES EAVESDROP 在Jan的情况下，电极消失 290 00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:43,401 ON THE CORTICAL SIGNALS DIRECTLY 直接在皮质信号上 291 00:16:43,470 --> 00:16:47,071 AND REDIRECT THOSE TO HECTOR, HER NEW ARM. 并重定向到Hector的新手臂。 292 00:16:51,745 --> 00:16:54,012 SCHEUERMANN, VOICE-OVER: LIKE RIDING A BICYCLE, 舒曼，画外音：喜欢骑自行车， 293 00:16:54,080 --> 00:16:56,781 THE BRAIN DOESN'T FORGET HOW TO MOVE THE ARM, 脑不会忘记如何移动手臂， 294 00:16:56,850 --> 00:17:00,852 EVEN THOUGH IT HASN'T MOVED IN--IN 10 YEARS. 即使在10年内都没有搬进来。 295 00:17:00,920 --> 00:17:03,888 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:WITH PRACTICE, THIS RELATIONSHIP EAGLEMAN，配音：根据实际情况，这种关系 296 00:17:03,957 --> 00:17:06,457 WILL BECOME FULLY UNCONSCIOUS. 将完全不合逻辑。 297 00:17:06,526 --> 00:17:09,861 SHE'LL BE ABLE TO MOVE HECTOR AUTOMATICALLY 能够自动移动加热器 298 00:17:09,929 --> 00:17:11,929 WITHOUT THINKING ABOUT IT, 不用思考， 299 00:17:11,998 --> 00:17:14,766 JUST AS WE DO WITH OUR BIOLOGICAL LIMBS. 就像我们对我们的生物肢体所做的那样。 300 00:17:17,637 --> 00:17:21,139 SCHEUERMANN: OH, IT FEELS VERYGOOD TO BE ABLE TO SHAKE HANDS SCHEUERMANN：哦，感觉很不错，可以握手 301 00:17:21,207 --> 00:17:23,674 AND FIST-BUMP AND INTERACT. 和拳头和互动。 302 00:17:25,345 --> 00:17:28,613 IT'S SO VERY LIFE-AFFIRMING TO ME TO BE ABLE 对我来说，这真是命中注定 303 00:17:28,681 --> 00:17:32,316 TO REACH OUT AND TOUCH A PERSON. 伸出援手。 304 00:17:32,385 --> 00:17:35,520 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: JAN'SEXPERIENCE POINTS TO A FUTURE 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：詹的经验指向未来 305 00:17:35,588 --> 00:17:40,525 IN WHICH WE USE TECHNOLOGY TOENHANCE AND EXTEND OUR BODIES, 在我们使用技术来增强和扩展我们的机构时， 306 00:17:40,593 --> 00:17:43,261 NOT ONLY REPLACING LIMBS OR ORGANS, 不仅要取代肢体或器官， 307 00:17:43,329 --> 00:17:45,797 BUT IMPROVING THEM, ELEVATING THEM 但是改善他们，提升他们 308 00:17:45,865 --> 00:17:50,068 FROM HUMAN FRAGILITY TO INDESTRUCTIBILITY. 从人类的脆弱性到工业化。 309 00:17:53,006 --> 00:17:57,208 HOLLYWOOD HAS OFTEN IMAGINEDA PERSON WHO'S PART MACHINE. 好莱坞经常有一部分人喜欢我。 310 00:17:57,277 --> 00:18:00,611 WELL, THAT FANTASY IS FAST BECOMING REAL. 好吧，那幻想很快就会变成现实。 311 00:18:12,992 --> 00:18:16,461 AS WE LEARN HOW TO TAKE ON NEW SENSORY EXPERIENCES 当我们学习如何接受新的感官体验时 312 00:18:16,529 --> 00:18:19,497 AND CONTROL NEW KINDS OF BODIES, THAT'S GOING 并控制新的身体类型 313 00:18:19,566 --> 00:18:22,133 TO PROFOUNDLY CHANGE WHO WE ARE AS INDIVIDUALS, 为了彻底改变我们作为个人的身份， 314 00:18:22,202 --> 00:18:25,803 AND THAT'S BECAUSEOUR PHYSICALITY SETS THE TONE 这是因为我们的身体定下了基调 315 00:18:25,872 --> 00:18:29,740 FOR HOW WE FEEL AND HOW WE THINK AND WHO WE ARE. 因为我们感觉如何，如何思考以及我们是谁。 316 00:18:29,809 --> 00:18:32,210 AT THIS MOMENT IN HISTORY, IT MAY BE THAT WE HAVE 在历史的这一刻，这可能是我们拥有的 317 00:18:32,278 --> 00:18:35,346 MORE IN COMMONWITH OUR STONE-AGE ANCESTORS 与我们的石阶祖先更加共通 318 00:18:35,415 --> 00:18:39,050 THAN WE DO WITH OUR DESCENDANTS IN THE NEAR FUTURE. 在不久的将来，我们将超越我们的后代。 319 00:18:44,224 --> 00:18:47,825 WE'RE ALREADY BEGINNING TO EXTEND THE HUMAN BODY, 我们已经开始扩展人体， 320 00:18:47,894 --> 00:18:50,361 BUT NO MATTER HOW MUCH WE ENHANCE OURSELVES, 没关系，我们如何增强我们自己， 321 00:18:50,430 --> 00:18:52,363 THERE'S SOMETHING WE NEED TO KEEP IN MIND. 我们需要记住一些事情。 322 00:18:52,432 --> 00:18:55,199 OUR BODY IS MADE OF FLESH AND BONES. 我们的身体是由肉和骨头组成。 323 00:18:55,268 --> 00:18:57,969 IT'S GOING TO DETERIORATE AND DIE, 它会毁灭和死亡， 324 00:18:58,037 --> 00:18:59,937 BUT WHAT IF THE STUDY OF THE BRAIN 但是如果要研究大脑 325 00:19:00,006 --> 00:19:02,440 COULD ADDRESS OUR MORTALITY? 可以解决我们的死亡率吗？ 326 00:19:02,509 --> 00:19:05,576 WHAT IF IN THE FUTURE, WE DIDN'T HAVE TO DIE? 如果将来会死，那该怎么办？ 327 00:19:11,184 --> 00:19:15,119 THERE WILL COME A MOMENTWHEN ALL OF YOUR NEURAL ACTIVITY 当您进行所有神经活动时，都会有一刻 328 00:19:15,188 --> 00:19:18,656 WILL COME TO A HALT, AND THENTHE GLORIOUS EXPERIENCE 会停止，然后拥有丰富的经验 329 00:19:18,725 --> 00:19:22,260 OF BEING CONSCIOUS WILL COME TO AN END, 出于自觉的目的， 330 00:19:22,328 --> 00:19:25,663 AND IT DOESN'T MATTERWHO YOU KNOW OR WHAT YOU DO. 而且它与您知道或做的事情无关。 331 00:19:25,732 --> 00:19:28,833 IT'S THE FATE OF ALL OF US. 这是我们所有人的命运。 332 00:19:28,902 --> 00:19:31,469 IT'S THE FATE OF ALL LIFE, BUT ONLY HUMANS 这是所有生命的命运，但只有人类 333 00:19:31,538 --> 00:19:34,405 ARE SO UNUSUALLY INTELLIGENT 如此非凡的智能 334 00:19:34,474 --> 00:19:36,807 THAT WE SUFFER OVER THIS. 我们为此感到难过。 335 00:19:36,876 --> 00:19:39,510 WHEN SOMEONE DIES, 有人死后 336 00:19:39,579 --> 00:19:42,213 THOSE WHO ARE LEFT GRIEVE. 那些谁是悲伤的人。 337 00:19:42,282 --> 00:19:45,082 THEY MOURN THE LOST RELATIONSHIP, 他们为失去的关系感到悲伤， 338 00:19:45,151 --> 00:19:49,420 BUT WITH EVERY DEATH, THERE'S ANOTHER LOSS. 但是每一次死亡都会带来另外的损失。 339 00:19:49,489 --> 00:19:53,591 EVERY BRAIN CONTAINS A LIFETIME OF INFORMATION, 每个大脑都包含终身信息， 340 00:19:53,660 --> 00:19:56,928 EXPERIENCES, KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM. 经验，知识，智慧。 341 00:19:56,996 --> 00:20:01,999 AT THE MOMENT OF DEATH, ALL THAT BECOMES LOST. 在死亡的那一刻，所有的一切都消失了。 342 00:20:02,068 --> 00:20:04,902 FRANCIS CRICKWAS ONE OF THE DISCOVERERS 弗朗西斯·克里克曾是发现者之一 343 00:20:04,971 --> 00:20:08,539 OF THE STRUCTURE OF DNA, AND HE WAS ALSO A FRIEND DNA的结构，他也是一个朋友 344 00:20:08,608 --> 00:20:11,375 AND A MENTOR TO ME, AND WHEN HE DIED, 和我的导师，当他去世时， 345 00:20:11,444 --> 00:20:14,378 I REMEMBERED THINKING ABOUT WHAT A WASTE IT WAS 我谨记有关浪费的思考 346 00:20:14,447 --> 00:20:18,216 THAT HE WAS CREMATED AND THIS BRAIN OF ONE OF THE GREATS 他被残酷地对待，这是其中之一 347 00:20:18,284 --> 00:20:21,485 OF 20th-CENTURY BIOLOGY WAS GOING UP IN FLAMES 在火焰中崛起的20世纪生物学 348 00:20:21,554 --> 00:20:24,322 BECAUSE EVEN AFTER A PERSON DIES, 因为一个人死后 349 00:20:24,390 --> 00:20:26,457 THERE'S A LOT OF INFORMATION ABOUT THEM STORED 有很多关于他们存储的信息 350 00:20:26,526 --> 00:20:29,360 IN THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF THEIR BRAIN, 在他们大脑的物理结构中， 351 00:20:29,429 --> 00:20:31,696 AND WE'RE REACHING A POINT IN NEUROSCIENCE 而且我们正在达到神经科学的要点 352 00:20:31,764 --> 00:20:36,300 WHERE IT BECOMES A POSSIBILITYTHAT WE COULD PRESERVE A BRAIN 在什么地方我们可以保留大脑 353 00:20:36,369 --> 00:20:40,938 AND READ OUT THE INFORMATIONAND LIVE WITH THAT PERSON AGAIN. 并再次读出该信息并与之一起生活。 354 00:20:43,610 --> 00:20:46,777 BRAIN PRESERVATION IS A NEW FIELD. 大脑保护是一个新领域。 355 00:20:46,846 --> 00:20:51,182 IT'S CONTROVERSIAL, ANDITS PROMISE IS STILL UNPROVEN. 这是有争议的，其承诺仍未得到证实。 356 00:20:51,251 --> 00:20:53,618 NONETHELESS, SOME PEOPLE 无意识，有些人 357 00:20:53,686 --> 00:20:56,220 ARE ACTIVELY EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY. 正在积极探索可能性。 358 00:20:58,558 --> 00:21:02,793 HERE IN THE ARIZONA DESERT, THE RESEARCHERS 研究人员在亚利桑那沙漠​​中 359 00:21:02,862 --> 00:21:06,197 AT THE ALCOR LIFE EXTENSION FOUNDATION BELIEVE 相信Alcor生命扩展基金会 360 00:21:06,266 --> 00:21:09,100 THEY CAN GIVE THE DEAD A CHANCE TO LIVE AGAIN. 他们可以给死者重新生活的机会。 361 00:21:11,271 --> 00:21:15,973 THIS FACILITY HOLDS THE REMAINS OF OVER 100 PEOPLE 该设施可容纳100多人 362 00:21:16,042 --> 00:21:18,776 PRESERVED AT ULTRALOW TEMPERATURE. 在超低温下保存。 363 00:21:20,913 --> 00:21:23,714 IT'S RUN BY MAX MORE, 由MAX运作， 364 00:21:23,783 --> 00:21:26,617 WHO DESCRIBES HIMSELF AS A FUTUROLOGIST. 谁将HIMSELF描述为未来学家。 365 00:21:29,856 --> 00:21:31,622 AS SOON AS LEGAL DEATHHAS BEEN DECLARED-- 法律死亡一经宣告- 366 00:21:31,691 --> 00:21:33,157 WHICH IS REALLY NOTBIOLOGICAL DEATH, 真正不是生物死亡， 367 00:21:33,226 --> 00:21:34,558 BUT WE HAVE TO WAITFOR THAT POINT LEGALLY-- 但是我们必须等待该点- 368 00:21:34,627 --> 00:21:35,693 WE CAN THENMOVE THE PATIENT 我们可以移动患者 369 00:21:35,762 --> 00:21:37,328 FROM THE BEDINTO THE ICE BATH. 从贝丁到冰浴。 370 00:21:37,397 --> 00:21:38,963 WE CAN ADDEXTERNAL ICE ON TOP. 我们可以在顶部添加其他冰块。 371 00:21:39,032 --> 00:21:40,898 WE RESTART RESPIRATION. 我们重新开始呼吸。 372 00:21:40,967 --> 00:21:44,435 WE RESTART CIRCULATION BY DOING,ESSENTIALLY, MECHANICAL CPR, 我们主要通过进行机械心肺复苏来重新开始循环， 373 00:21:44,504 --> 00:21:47,038 AND THEN WE ALSO ADMINISTER16 DIFFERENT MEDICATIONS 然后我们还要ADMINISTER16不同的药物 374 00:21:47,106 --> 00:21:49,473 TO TRY AND PROTECTTHE CELLS AS WE COOL DOWN. 在电池冷却时尝试和保护电池。 375 00:21:49,542 --> 00:21:53,411 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: EACH BODYIS SUBMERGED IN LIQUID NITROGEN, EAGLEMAN，配音：每个身体都浸没在液态氮中， 376 00:21:53,479 --> 00:21:56,947 BRINGING ITS TEMPERATURE BELOW MINUS-300 DEGREES. 使其温度低于-300度。 377 00:21:57,016 --> 00:22:00,985 THIS PROCESS IS KNOWN AS CRYONIC SUSPENSION, 此过程被称为“暂停悬浮”， 378 00:22:01,054 --> 00:22:03,788 AND IT DOESN'T REQUIRE A WHOLE BODY. 而且它不需要整个身体。 379 00:22:03,856 --> 00:22:06,190 SOMETIMES A CLIENT CHOOSES TO PRESERVE 有时客户会选择保留 380 00:22:06,259 --> 00:22:09,060 ONLY THEIR HEAD AND BRAIN. 只有他们的头部和大脑。 381 00:22:09,128 --> 00:22:11,329 MORE: SO WHAT WE'LL DO IS,WE'LL DO THE NEUROSEPARATION 更多：我们将要做的是神经分离 382 00:22:11,397 --> 00:22:13,664 SOMEWHERE DOWN HERE,A FEW VERTEBRAS DOWN. 在这里向下某个地方，向下翻了几个阳台。 383 00:22:13,733 --> 00:22:15,199 WE'LL MOVE THEPATIENT'S CEPHALON 我们将移动患者的赛百隆 384 00:22:15,268 --> 00:22:17,335 INTO THE CEPHALON RING,WHERE THE HEAD 进入头顶的CEPHALON戒指 385 00:22:17,403 --> 00:22:20,071 IS ESSENTIALLY UPSIDE DOWNSO WE CAN EXCESS THE CAROTIDS, 本质上是向下的，所以我们可以访问颈动脉， 386 00:22:20,139 --> 00:22:21,539 AND--JUST LIKE WITHTHE WHOLE-BODY PROCEDURE, 并且-就像整个程序一样， 387 00:22:21,607 --> 00:22:23,007 EXCEPT THERE, WE GOTHROUGH THE CHEST-- 除了那里，我们穿越了胸部 388 00:22:23,076 --> 00:22:24,475 HERE, WE'REWASHING OUT THE BLOOD 在这里，我们正在洗血 389 00:22:24,544 --> 00:22:27,211 AND BODY FLUIDSUH, FROM THE BRAIN. 和身体流体，来自大脑。 390 00:22:27,280 --> 00:22:30,414 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE IDEA IS TO PERFECTLY PRESERVE A BODY EAGLEMAN，配音：理想状态是完全保留身体 391 00:22:30,483 --> 00:22:32,516 INTO THE DISTANT FUTURE 进入遥远的未来 392 00:22:32,585 --> 00:22:35,753 WITH THE HOPETHAT AN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY 借助HOPETHAT的先进技术 393 00:22:35,822 --> 00:22:40,458 NOT YET INVENTED WILL ALLOWFOR THAWING AND REANIMATION. 尚未允许的解冻和重新格式化。 394 00:22:40,526 --> 00:22:42,827 SO, MAX, TELL ME ABOUT THESE DEWARS. 因此，MAX，请告诉我有关这些露水的信息。 395 00:22:42,895 --> 00:22:45,096 ALL OUR PATIENTSARE STORED IN THESE. 我们所有的患者都存储在这些文件中。 396 00:22:45,164 --> 00:22:47,732 WE CALL THISA BIGFOOT DEWAR. 我们呼吁这只大脚怪。 397 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:50,368 UH, IT CONTAINS4 WHOLE-BODY PATIENT, 嗯，它包含了4个全身患者， 398 00:22:50,436 --> 00:22:52,570 AS YOU CAN SEE FROMTHIS 3D-PRINTED MODEL. 正如您可以从3D打印的模型中看到的那样。 399 00:22:52,638 --> 00:22:54,839 EACH OF THOSE GOESIN ALUMINUM POD 那些鹅肝素铝粉盒 400 00:22:54,907 --> 00:22:56,440 THAT GIVESEXTRA PROTECTION, 给予额外的保护， 401 00:22:56,509 --> 00:22:58,275 AND WE ALSO GET5 NEUROPATIENTS 而且我们还获得了5位神经病患者 402 00:22:58,344 --> 00:23:00,044 IN THE CENTER COLUMN, 在中心列中 403 00:23:00,113 --> 00:23:02,446 SO THESE FILL UPWITH ABOUT 450 GALLONS 因此，这些填充约450加仑 404 00:23:02,515 --> 00:23:03,647 OF LIQUID NITROGEN. 液氮 405 00:23:03,716 --> 00:23:05,082 UH, THEY'RENOT SEALED. 嗯，他们没有密封。 406 00:23:05,151 --> 00:23:06,317 WE JUST HAVEA [INDISTINCT] CAP 我们只要有[指示]帽子 407 00:23:06,386 --> 00:23:08,619 FLOATING ON THE TOP, AND WE TOP THESE UP 浮动到顶部，然后我们将其向上 408 00:23:08,688 --> 00:23:09,854 ONCE A WEEK WITH LIQUID NITROGEN 每周一次使用液态氮 409 00:23:09,922 --> 00:23:11,322 TO KEEP THEM FULL. 保持完整。 410 00:23:11,391 --> 00:23:12,890 SO THERE ARE 9 PEOPLE IN HERE? 所以这里有9个人？ 411 00:23:12,959 --> 00:23:14,558 NOT IN EVERY ONE. 并非每个人都有。 412 00:23:14,627 --> 00:23:16,293 DEPENDS ON HOW MANYNEUROPATIENTS WE HAVE. 取决于我们的手动方式。 413 00:23:16,362 --> 00:23:18,496 UH, THERE'S ACTUALLY ROOMFOR MORE NEUROPATIENTS, 嗯，实际上是更多神经病患者的房间， 414 00:23:18,564 --> 00:23:20,264 SO SOME OF THEMHAVE NEUROPATIENTS. 他们中有些人患有神经病患者。 415 00:23:20,333 --> 00:23:22,800 OTHERS DON'T,SO BETWEEN 4 AND 9. 其他则不在4和9之间。 416 00:23:22,869 --> 00:23:26,370 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: ALCOR BEGAN 50 YEARS AGO. 伊格曼（EAGLEMAN），旁白：阿尔科（ALCOR）距今已有50年历史。 417 00:23:26,439 --> 00:23:31,142 CURRENTLY IT HOUSES 129 FROZEN RESIDENTS, 目前，这里有129个冷冻居民， 418 00:23:31,210 --> 00:23:33,577 AND THAT NUMBER CONTINUES TO GROW. 而且这个数字还将继续增长。 419 00:23:33,646 --> 00:23:35,946 EAGLEMAN: SOME OF THE PICTURES SAY, EAGLEMAN：有些图片说， 420 00:23:36,015 --> 00:23:40,751 "FIRST LIFE CYCLE-- 1927 TO 1996." “第一生命周期-1927年至1996年。” 421 00:23:40,820 --> 00:23:43,554 DO YOU SEE IT AS BEING A SECOND LIFE CYCLE? 您是否将其视为第二次生命周期？ 422 00:23:43,623 --> 00:23:45,156 WHAT WE'RE DOING IS,WE'RE REALLY JUST 我们正在做的只是我们 423 00:23:45,224 --> 00:23:47,024 GIVING PEOPLE ANOTHERCHANCE AT LIFE. 给人们另一种生命的机会。 424 00:23:47,093 --> 00:23:48,759 JUST AS IF TODAY YOU WERE,YOU KNOW, IN YOUR 30s 就像今天一样，您知道，在您30多岁的时候 425 00:23:48,828 --> 00:23:50,561 OR 40s, HAD A HEART ATTACKAND WE DID SOME 或40多岁，发生了心脏病发作，我们做了一些 426 00:23:50,630 --> 00:23:52,129 EXPERIMENTAL SURGERYAND BROUGHT YOU BACK, 实验性手术和伤脑筋 427 00:23:52,198 --> 00:23:53,764 YOU MIGHT HAVESEVERAL DECADES MORE, 您可能需要付出数十年的努力， 428 00:23:53,833 --> 00:23:55,566 BUT WE'RE TALKING SOMETHINGA LITTLE BIT MORE RADICAL. 但是，我们要进行一点点激进的交流。 429 00:23:55,635 --> 00:23:58,335 WE'RE TALKING ABOUT NOTJUST FOR ANOTHER 80 YEARS, 我们正在与另外80年商谈， 430 00:23:58,404 --> 00:24:01,305 BUT POTENTIALLY THOUSANDSOF YEARS, MAYBE LONGER. 但是可能有数千年的历史了。 431 00:24:01,374 --> 00:24:02,907 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE PEOPLE IN THESE DEWARS EAGLEMAN，配音：这些人中的人 432 00:24:02,975 --> 00:24:07,445 HAVE TAKEN A LEAP OF FAITH INTO AN UNKNOWN FUTURE. 对未知的未来有了信心。 433 00:24:07,513 --> 00:24:10,915 THERE'S NO GUARANTEE THAT THE TECHNOLOGY WILL EVER COME ALONG 没有保证技术会永远出现 434 00:24:10,983 --> 00:24:13,451 THAT ALLOWS THEM TO WAKE UP AGAIN... 允许他们再次醒来... 435 00:24:15,822 --> 00:24:18,456 SO PERHAPS THERE ARE OTHER WAYS 因此，还有其他方法 436 00:24:18,524 --> 00:24:22,026 TO ACCESS THE INFORMATION STORED IN A BRAIN 访问脑中存储的信息 437 00:24:22,094 --> 00:24:25,496 NOT BY BRINGING A DECEASED PERSON BACK TO LIFE, 不是要让一个已经沦落的人重返生活， 438 00:24:25,565 --> 00:24:29,934 BUT BY FINDING A WAY TO READ OUT THE DATA DIRECTLY. 通过找到一种直接读取数据的方式。 439 00:24:30,002 --> 00:24:35,105 THIS IS BOTH A PROMISING IDEAAND A MONUMENTAL CHALLENGE. 这既是一个有希望的目标，也是一个巨大的挑战。 440 00:24:41,681 --> 00:24:46,650 AT THE DEPARTMENT OF BRAINAND COGNITIVE SCIENCES AT MIT, 在麻省理工学院的脑与认知科学系， 441 00:24:46,719 --> 00:24:51,088 SEBASTIAN SEUNG IS AMONG THE FIRST PIONEERS OF THAT PROCESS. SEBASTIAN SEUNG是该过程的第一批先驱。 442 00:24:51,157 --> 00:24:54,558 HE'S ATTEMPTING TO MAP OUTTHE INNUMERABLE CONNECTIONS 他试图勾勒出无数的联系 443 00:24:54,627 --> 00:24:57,995 THAT UNDERLIE A BRAIN'S FUNCTION. 理解大脑的功能。 444 00:24:58,064 --> 00:25:02,132 THAT UNIMAGINABLY VAST NETWORK OF PATHWAYS AND LINKS 巨大的路径和链接网络 445 00:25:02,201 --> 00:25:05,536 IS CALLED THE CONNECTOME. 被称为连接器。 446 00:25:05,605 --> 00:25:08,706 SEUNG: YOUR CONNECTOME IS UNIQUE. SEUNG：您的连接是唯一的。 447 00:25:08,774 --> 00:25:11,509 IT'S ONE OF THE DEEPEST THEORIES IN NEUROSCIENCE 这是神经科学中最深的理论之一 448 00:25:11,577 --> 00:25:14,111 THAT YOUR MEMORIES ARE STORED 存储您的记忆 449 00:25:14,180 --> 00:25:16,680 IN YOUR UNIQUE PATTERN OF CONNECTIONS. 在您独特的连接方式中。 450 00:25:18,651 --> 00:25:22,086 I LIKE TO THINK OF IT ASA THEORY OF PERSONAL IDENTITY, 我喜欢IT ASA的个人身份理论， 451 00:25:22,154 --> 00:25:24,588 WHAT MAKES YOU YOU. 是什么让您成为您。 452 00:25:24,657 --> 00:25:26,524 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE AVERAGE HUMAN BRAIN EAGLEMAN，配音：平均人脑 453 00:25:26,592 --> 00:25:29,426 HAS 86 BILLION NEURONS 拥有860亿个神经元 454 00:25:29,495 --> 00:25:34,365 AND THOUSANDS OF TRILLIONS OF SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS. 数以千计的突触连接。 455 00:25:34,433 --> 00:25:37,134 WHEN THE CONNECTOME IS FULLY WORKED OUT, 当完全完成连接后， 456 00:25:37,203 --> 00:25:41,105 IT WILL BE THE MOST COMPLEXWIRING DIAGRAM EVER CREATED. 这将是有史以来最复杂的图表。 457 00:25:44,744 --> 00:25:46,944 SEUNG: IT'S VERY DIFFICULT 胜：非常困难 458 00:25:47,013 --> 00:25:49,213 TO MAP OUT CONNECTIVITY INSIDE THE BRAIN. 映射大脑内部的连通性。 459 00:25:49,282 --> 00:25:52,616 THERE'S ONLY ONE TECHNOLOGYRIGHT NOW WHICH PROMISES 现在只有一种技术权利 460 00:25:52,685 --> 00:25:55,953 TO GIVE US ALL THE CONNECTIONS FROM A SINGLE PIECE OF BRAIN, 为了让我们从一小部分大脑中获得所有联系， 461 00:25:56,022 --> 00:25:59,290 AND THAT'S CALLEDSERIAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. 这就是所谓的串行电子显微镜。 462 00:25:59,358 --> 00:26:01,292 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: SEUNG IS BEGINNING EAGLEMAN，配音：SEUNG开始 463 00:26:01,360 --> 00:26:03,661 BY MAPPING A MOUSE BRAIN. 通过映射鼠标大脑。 464 00:26:03,729 --> 00:26:07,765 THE PROCESS STARTS WITH TAKINGA PIECE OF BRAIN TISSUE 过程始于摘取一小块脑组织 465 00:26:07,833 --> 00:26:09,800 AND SLICING IT. 和切片。 466 00:26:09,869 --> 00:26:12,169 SEUNG: IT'S A HIGH-TECH DELI SLICER SEUNG：这是高科技的美味切片机 467 00:26:12,238 --> 00:26:15,139 FOR CUTTING VERY THIN SLICES OF BRAIN. 用于切割非常薄的脑片。 468 00:26:15,207 --> 00:26:17,074 TO CUT REALLY THIN, 切得很薄 469 00:26:17,143 --> 00:26:19,643 YOU HAVE TO HAVE A VERY SHARP KNIFE. 您必须拥有非常锋利的刀。 470 00:26:19,712 --> 00:26:21,445 THIS IS THE WORLD'S SHARPEST KNIFE, 这是世界上最锋利的刀 471 00:26:21,514 --> 00:26:25,482 A DIAMOND KNIFE WHOSE BLADEIS HONED TO ATOMIC SHARPNESS. 刀片已磨成原子锐度的钻石刀。 472 00:26:25,551 --> 00:26:28,152 YOU CAN SEE A METAL PARTWHICH IS MOVING UP AND DOWN. 您可以看到正在上下移动的金属零件。 473 00:26:28,220 --> 00:26:30,187 A PIECE OF BRAIN IS MOUNTED ON IT, 上面装着一堆脑子， 474 00:26:30,256 --> 00:26:34,458 AND THE BRAIN IS BEING MOVED BACK AND FORTH AGAINST A BLADE, 而且脑子正向着刀片的方向来回移动， 475 00:26:34,527 --> 00:26:37,895 SO SLICE AFTER SLICE OF BRAIN 大脑切成薄片之后 476 00:26:37,964 --> 00:26:40,164 ARE FLOATING ONTO THE SURFACE OF WATER. 浮在水面上。 477 00:26:40,232 --> 00:26:43,534 EACH SLICE PUSHESTHE PREVIOUS SLICE FORWARD. 每个切片按上一个切片。 478 00:26:43,603 --> 00:26:46,270 IN ORDER TO SEE THIS CUTTING PROCESS, 为了查看此切割过程， 479 00:26:46,339 --> 00:26:50,140 A MICROSCOPE IS MOUNTEDON TOP OF THE ULTRAMICROTOME, 显微镜安装在超微结构的顶部， 480 00:26:50,209 --> 00:26:52,943 AND IT PROJECTS AN IMAGE ONTO THIS COMPUTER SCREEN, 并且将图像投影到此计算机屏幕上， 481 00:26:53,012 --> 00:26:55,346 WHERE WE SEE THE CUTTING HAPPENING. 我们在哪里进行切割。 482 00:26:55,414 --> 00:26:58,115 THIS CONVEYOR BELT PRODUCES A TAPE, 该传送带可产生胶带， 483 00:26:58,184 --> 00:27:01,418 A VERY LONG TAPEWHICH IS KIND OF LIKE A MOVIE, 非常像电影一样的细饰物， 484 00:27:01,487 --> 00:27:04,054 EVERY FRAME OF WHICH IS A SLICE OF BRAIN. 每个框架都是大脑。 485 00:27:05,992 --> 00:27:08,225 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:ONCE THE BRAIN HAS BEEN ARRANGED EAGLEMAN，配音：一旦安排好大脑 486 00:27:08,294 --> 00:27:12,730 IN THESE FILMLIKE STRIPS, EACH SAMPLE IS SUBDIVIDED 在这些贴现条带中，每个示例均被提供 487 00:27:12,798 --> 00:27:15,332 INTO TINY AREAS WHICH ARE THEN SCANNED 随后进入微小区域 488 00:27:15,401 --> 00:27:19,236 BY A POWERFUL ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. 通过强大的电子显微镜。 489 00:27:19,305 --> 00:27:22,373 THAT PROCESS PRODUCES THIS-- 该过程可产生以下内容- 490 00:27:22,441 --> 00:27:27,344 A SEGMENT OF BRAIN MAGNIFIED 100,000 TIMES. 一段脑被放大了100,000次。 491 00:27:29,181 --> 00:27:31,281 AT THIS RESOLUTION, 在此决议中， 492 00:27:31,350 --> 00:27:34,351 IT'S POSSIBLE TO SEE ALMOST EVERY FEATURE. 几乎每个功能都有可能。 493 00:27:36,222 --> 00:27:40,758 THESE SMALL, BLACK DOTS ARE DNA INSIDE AN INDIVIDUAL CELL. 这些小黑点是单个细胞内的DNA。 494 00:27:44,497 --> 00:27:47,865 THE NEXT STEP IS TO COMPILE THESE IMAGES. 下一步是编辑这些图像。 495 00:27:49,268 --> 00:27:51,735 BY STACKING THEM IN THE THOUSANDS, 通过将它们堆积成千上万， 496 00:27:51,804 --> 00:27:53,804 ONE ON TOP OF EACH OTHER, 一对一， 497 00:27:53,873 --> 00:27:56,774 AND THEN TRACKING THE NEURONS THROUGH EACH IMAGE, 然后通过每个图像跟踪神经元 498 00:27:56,842 --> 00:27:59,576 IT'S POSSIBLE TO RECONSTRUCT THE EXACT WAY 有可能重建正确的道路 499 00:27:59,645 --> 00:28:01,679 THAT THE NEURONS ARE CONNECTED, 神经元是相连的 500 00:28:01,747 --> 00:28:06,483 A 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF THE CONNECTIVITY. 连接性的三维模型。 501 00:28:06,552 --> 00:28:10,988 IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO DO THIS WITH WHOLE HUMAN BRAIN SOMEDAY. 某天应该用整个人脑来做这件事。 502 00:28:11,057 --> 00:28:14,158 THE RESULT WOULD BE A MAP OF ALL THE WIRING 结果将是所有接线图 503 00:28:14,226 --> 00:28:17,127 THAT UNDERPINS A PERSON'S THOUGHTS, 支撑一个人的思想， 504 00:28:17,196 --> 00:28:20,264 EXPERIENCES, AND BELIEFS. 经验和信念。 505 00:28:20,332 --> 00:28:23,033 THERE'S JUST ONE ISSUE. 只是一个问题。 506 00:28:23,102 --> 00:28:25,602 SEUNG: IF YOU IMAGE AN ENTIRE HUMAN BRAIN 承：如果您发现整个人脑 507 00:28:25,671 --> 00:28:27,938 WITH THIS RESOLUTION, 有了这个解决方案， 508 00:28:28,007 --> 00:28:31,775 IT WOULD BE A ZETTABYTE OF INFORMATION. 这将是信息的ZETTABYTE。 509 00:28:31,844 --> 00:28:34,378 SOUNDS LIKE A DIRTY WORD, "ZETTABYTE." 声音像脏话“ ZETTABYTE”。 510 00:28:34,447 --> 00:28:35,946 YOU NEVER HEARD IT BEFORE. 您从未听说过它。 511 00:28:36,015 --> 00:28:37,648 IT'S NEVER SPOKEN IN POLITE COMPANY. 礼貌的公司从来没有说话。 512 00:28:37,717 --> 00:28:39,283 WELL, IT'S THE-- 好吧- 513 00:28:39,351 --> 00:28:40,984 IT'S THE TOTAL DIGITAL CONTENTOF THE WORLD RIGHT NOW. 现在，这是世界上总的数字内容。 514 00:28:41,053 --> 00:28:43,220 THAT'S, UH, HOW MUCH INFORMATION IT WOULD BE. 那，呃，它将有多少信息。 515 00:28:45,024 --> 00:28:47,658 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: IT'S A DAUNTING FIGURE. EAGLEMAN，旁白：这是一个令人TING目结舌的人物。 516 00:28:47,727 --> 00:28:51,395 DOES IT MEAN THAT THE IDEAOF READING OUT A HUMAN BRAIN 意思是读出人脑的想法吗 517 00:28:51,464 --> 00:28:54,798 WILL ALWAYS REMAIN BEYOND OUR REACH? 会永远超越我们的范围吗？ 518 00:28:54,867 --> 00:28:57,935 WELL, EXPERIENCE SAYS THAT COMPUTING POWER ALONE 好吧，经验表明，仅计算功率 519 00:28:58,003 --> 00:29:00,971 SHOULDN'T BE A BARRIER FOR TOO MUCH LONGER. 不应成为太多障碍。 520 00:29:04,543 --> 00:29:09,580 THERE'S A COMMON OBSERVATIONIN COMPUTING CALLED MOORE'S LAW. 在计算摩尔定律时有一个共同的观察。 521 00:29:09,648 --> 00:29:16,053 IT STATES THAT PROCESSING POWER DOUBLES EVERY TWO YEARS. 声明每两年处理一次功率双倍。 522 00:29:16,122 --> 00:29:18,655 IF THAT DOESN'T SOUND LIKE MUCH, THINK OF IT THIS WAY. 如果不是那样，那就想一想。 523 00:29:18,724 --> 00:29:22,459 IT MEANS THAT COMPUTERS TODAY ARE A MILLION TIMES 它意味着今天的计算机需要数百万倍的时间 524 00:29:22,528 --> 00:29:25,596 MORE POWERFUL THAN THEY WERE IN THE 1970s. 在1970年代，其功能更为强大。 525 00:29:30,936 --> 00:29:35,139 JUST 20 YEARS AGO,THIS SUPERCOMPUTER BEHIND ME 仅仅20年了，这个超级计算机就在我身后 526 00:29:35,207 --> 00:29:39,743 WAS EQUIVALENT TO ALL THECOMPUTING POWER ON THE PLANET. 相当于PLANET上的所有计算能力。 527 00:29:39,812 --> 00:29:42,780 20 YEARS FROM NOW,IT'LL PROBABLY BE CONSIDERED 从现在起20年后，可能会考虑 528 00:29:42,848 --> 00:29:44,915 A MODEST FORCE OF THE TYPE 适度的力量 529 00:29:44,984 --> 00:29:47,317 YOU MIGHT SHRINK DOWN AND WEAR ON YOUR BODY. 您可能会收缩并磨损身体。 530 00:29:47,386 --> 00:29:52,189 WE'RE IN AN ERA NOW WHERE WE'RE DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES 我们正处在一个时代，我们正在开发技术 531 00:29:52,258 --> 00:29:54,958 THAT CAN STORE UNIMAGINABLE AMOUNTS OF DATA 可以存储难以置信的数据量 532 00:29:55,027 --> 00:30:00,197 AND RUN GARGANTUAN SIMULATIONS, AND THIS IS WHERE OUR BIOLOGY 并运行GARGANTUAN模拟，这就是我们的生物学 533 00:30:00,266 --> 00:30:03,400 IS ON A CRASH COURSE WITH OUR TECHNOLOGY. 使用我们的技术进行速成课程。 534 00:30:04,937 --> 00:30:06,937 SO LET'S SAY THE TIME WILL COME 让我们说时间到了 535 00:30:07,006 --> 00:30:10,007 WHEN COMPUTER POWER ISN'T AN ISSUE. 当计算机电源不成问题时。 536 00:30:10,075 --> 00:30:14,077 THAT OPENS UP A NEW REALM OF POSSIBILITY. 这开辟了可能性的新领域。 537 00:30:14,146 --> 00:30:18,749 SUPPOSE WE COULD MAKEA DIGITAL COPY OF THE BRAIN. 假设我们可以制作大脑的数码副本。 538 00:30:18,818 --> 00:30:22,119 THEN NOT ONLY WE COULD READ IT OUT. 然后，我们不仅可以读出它。 539 00:30:22,188 --> 00:30:24,588 WE COULD MAKE IT RUN. 我们可以让它运行。 540 00:30:24,657 --> 00:30:26,957 IN THE SAME WAY THAT COMPUTER SOFTWARE CAN RUN 以可以运行计算机软件的相同方式 541 00:30:27,026 --> 00:30:30,761 ON DIFFERENT HARDWARE, IT MAY BETHAT THE SOFTWARE OF THE MIND 在不同的硬件上，它可能意味着思维的软件 542 00:30:30,830 --> 00:30:33,831 CAN RUN ON OTHER PLATFORMS. 可以在其他平台上运行。 543 00:30:33,899 --> 00:30:36,667 IN OTHER WORDS, WHAT IF THERE'S NOTHING SPECIAL 换句话说，如果没有特别之处 544 00:30:36,735 --> 00:30:39,670 ABOUT THE BIOLOGICAL NEURONS THEMSELVES 关于自己的生物神经元 545 00:30:39,738 --> 00:30:42,940 AND INSTEAD, IT'S ONLYHOW THEY CONNECT AND INTERACT 并代代相传，只有它们相互联系和互动 546 00:30:43,008 --> 00:30:45,576 THAT MAKES A PERSON WHO THEY ARE. 他们是谁。 547 00:30:45,644 --> 00:30:48,278 IF THAT PROVED TO BE CORRECT, IT WOULD FOLLOW 如果被证明是正确的，它将遵循 548 00:30:48,347 --> 00:30:51,548 THAT WE CAN EXIST DIGITALLY BY RUNNING OURSELVES 我们可以通过运行数字来存在 549 00:30:51,617 --> 00:30:55,185 AS A SIMULATION, AND THIS IS WHAT'S KNOWN 作为模拟，这是已知的 550 00:30:55,254 --> 00:30:58,655 AS THE COMPUTATIONAL HYPOTHESIS OF THE BRAIN. 作为大脑的计算假设。 551 00:30:58,724 --> 00:31:01,758 THE IDEA IS THAT THE WET, BIOLOGICAL, GUSHY STUFF 理想就是湿的，生物的，蓬松的东西 552 00:31:01,827 --> 00:31:03,794 ISN'T THE IMPORTANT PART. 不是重要的部分。 553 00:31:03,863 --> 00:31:05,762 WHAT MATTERS ARE THE COMPUTATIONS 什么是计算 554 00:31:05,831 --> 00:31:07,965 THAT ARE RUNNING ON TOP. 正在运行的顶部。 555 00:31:08,033 --> 00:31:11,869 THE IDEA IS THAT THE MIND IS NOT WHAT THE BRAIN IS. 想法就是头脑不是大脑。 556 00:31:11,937 --> 00:31:14,771 IT'S WHAT THE BRAIN DOES. 这就是大脑的作用。 557 00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:18,942 IN THEORY, YOU MIGHT SWAP CELLS FOR CIRCUITS, 从理论上讲，您可能会为电路交换细胞， 558 00:31:19,011 --> 00:31:21,044 OXYGEN FOR ELECTRICITY. 电力氧气。 559 00:31:21,113 --> 00:31:24,081 THE MEDIUM DOESN'T MATTER, PROVIDED ALL THE PIECES 介质无关紧要，已提供所有内容 560 00:31:24,149 --> 00:31:27,851 AND PARTS ARE CONNECTINGAND INTERACTING IN THE SAME WAY. 和零件以相同的方式连接和交互。 561 00:31:29,188 --> 00:31:32,823 ALL YOUR THOUGHTS, EMOTIONS, MEMORIES, 您的所有想法，情感，回忆， 562 00:31:32,892 --> 00:31:36,393 YOUR WHOLE PERSONALITY WOULD STILL EMERGE. 您的整个人格将不断涌现。 563 00:31:36,462 --> 00:31:38,662 THERE'D BE NO BIOLOGICAL BRAIN, 不会有生物脑， 564 00:31:38,731 --> 00:31:44,334 BUT THERE'D STILL BE A FULLY FUNCTIONING VERSION OF YOU. 但是仍然是您的完整版本。 565 00:31:44,403 --> 00:31:46,637 THIS SOUNDS LIKE SCIENCE FICTION, 这种声音就像是科幻小说， 566 00:31:46,705 --> 00:31:48,805 BUT A TEAM IN SWITZERLAND HAS BEGUN 但是瑞士的团队已经开始 567 00:31:48,874 --> 00:31:51,775 AN EXCEPTIONALLY AMBITIOUS PROJECT 一项宏伟的项目 568 00:31:51,844 --> 00:31:54,511 THAT TAKES THE FIRST STEPS DOWN THIS PATH. 这是走这条路的第一步。 569 00:31:55,781 --> 00:31:57,781 THEY'RE ATTEMPTING TO BUILD 他们正在尝试建立 570 00:31:57,850 --> 00:32:00,817 A FULL WORKING SIMULATION OF A BRAIN. 大脑的完整工作模拟。 571 00:32:00,886 --> 00:32:04,354 IT'S CALLED THE BLUE BRAIN PROJECT. 它被称为“蓝色大脑”项目。 572 00:32:04,423 --> 00:32:07,057 SEAN HILL IS ONE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE TEAM. SEAN HILL是该团队的成员之一。 573 00:32:09,361 --> 00:32:11,795 EAGLEMAN: WHAT ISTHE LONG-TERM GOAL HERE? EAGLEMAN：这是什么长期目标？ 574 00:32:11,864 --> 00:32:15,565 TO DELIVER BY 2023 A SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE 到2023年交付的软件和硬件 575 00:32:15,634 --> 00:32:18,602 INFRASTRUCTURE CAPABLE OF RUNNING 基础架构运行能力 576 00:32:18,671 --> 00:32:21,271 A WHOLE HUMAN BRAIN SIMULATION. 完整的人类大脑模拟。 577 00:32:21,340 --> 00:32:23,073 IF WE WANT TO MOVETOWARDS BEING ABLE 如果我们想继续前进 578 00:32:23,142 --> 00:32:25,275 TO SIMULATE AN ENTIREHUMAN BRAIN, 为了模拟整个人类的大脑， 579 00:32:25,344 --> 00:32:26,576 HOW DO WE KNOWWHAT ARE 我们如何知道 580 00:32:26,645 --> 00:32:27,911 THE IMPORTANT THINGSTO CAPTURE-- 重要的事情- 581 00:32:27,980 --> 00:32:29,579 THE STRUCTURE, THE CELLS,ALL THE WAY DOWN 结构，细胞一直下降 582 00:32:29,648 --> 00:32:31,248 TO THE PROTEINS,THE MOLECULES? 对蛋白质，分子？ 583 00:32:31,317 --> 00:32:32,683 HOW DO WE KNOW? 我们怎么知道？ 584 00:32:32,751 --> 00:32:33,884 WE'RE WORKING AT SUBCELLULAR. 我们正在子公司工作。 585 00:32:33,953 --> 00:32:35,319 WE'RE WORKING AT CELLULAR. 我们正在努力工作。 586 00:32:35,387 --> 00:32:37,287 WE'RE WORKING AT MICROCIRCUIT. 我们在微电路上工作。 587 00:32:37,356 --> 00:32:39,289 WE'RE WORKING AT BRAIN REGIONS 我们正在脑力劳动 588 00:32:39,358 --> 00:32:40,624 OF MESOCIRCUITS, 关于大宗商品 589 00:32:40,693 --> 00:32:42,793 AND THEN WE HAVEWHOLE BRAIN 然后我们有了脑 590 00:32:42,861 --> 00:32:44,561 BUT FOR VERYSIMPLIFIED NEURONS, 但对于非常简化的神经元， 591 00:32:44,630 --> 00:32:47,164 SO OUR GOAL IS TO GET TO WHOLE BRAIN 所以我们的目标是全力以赴 592 00:32:47,232 --> 00:32:49,132 BUT WITH VERY DETAILED NEURONS. 但是带有非常详细的神经元。 593 00:32:49,201 --> 00:32:50,734 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: AS A STARTING POINT, EAGLEMAN，配音：作为起点， 594 00:32:50,803 --> 00:32:52,369 THEY'RE LOOKING AT RAT BRAINS. 他们正在寻找老鼠的大脑。 595 00:32:52,438 --> 00:32:55,806 THEY TAKE TINY SLICES OF BRAIN AND SUBJECT THEM 他们把脑子和主题细切了 596 00:32:55,874 --> 00:32:58,241 TO MINUTE JOLTS OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT. 减小电流的波动。 597 00:32:58,310 --> 00:33:01,511 THAT MIMICS THE ACTIVITY OF THE LIVING BRAIN 模仿活脑活动 598 00:33:01,580 --> 00:33:04,481 AND PROMPTS THE CELLS TO INTERACT. 并促使细胞进行互动。 599 00:33:04,550 --> 00:33:08,552 EACH INTERACTION IS RECREATEDON THE PROJECT'S SUPERCOMPUTER 项目的超级计算机会重新互动 600 00:33:08,620 --> 00:33:11,555 AND THEN INTEGRATEDINTO A LARGER MODEL WITH DATA 然后将一个更大的模型与数据集成 601 00:33:11,623 --> 00:33:14,558 FROM HUNDREDS OF OTHER LABS AROUND THE WORLD. 来自世界各地数百个其他地方。 602 00:33:14,626 --> 00:33:17,894 THE RESULT IS THIS ELECTRICAL STORM. 结果是此电风暴。 603 00:33:20,699 --> 00:33:23,200 THIS IS THE BEST APPROXIMATION 这是最好的近似 604 00:33:23,268 --> 00:33:26,970 OF WHAT A VERY TINY FRACTIONOF YOUR BRAIN IS DOING 您的脑子正在做些什么 605 00:33:27,039 --> 00:33:30,273 WHEN YOU'RE, SAY, JUST STARING INTO SPACE. 当您说时，只需凝视太空。 606 00:33:30,342 --> 00:33:34,144 THE TOTAL ACTIVITY IN YOUR BRAINIS HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF TIMES 数百万次大脑中的总活动 607 00:33:34,213 --> 00:33:38,148 MORE THAN WHAT YOU'RE SEEING HERE, 不仅仅是您在这里看到的， 608 00:33:38,217 --> 00:33:41,685 AND THIS TYPHOON OF ACTIVITY IS ROARING ALONG 这个活动的台风正在滚滚而来 609 00:33:41,754 --> 00:33:45,155 EVERY SECOND OF YOUR LIFE. 每秒钟您的生命。 610 00:33:45,224 --> 00:33:46,823 WE'RE NOT BUILDING ABSTRACT MODELS. 我们没有建立抽象模型。 611 00:33:46,892 --> 00:33:49,026 WE ACTUALLY TAKING DATA FROM LABORATORIES. 我们实际上是从实验室获取数据。 612 00:33:49,094 --> 00:33:51,495 WE'RE EXTRACTING, UH, PROBABILITIES. 我们正在提取，呃，概率。 613 00:33:51,563 --> 00:33:53,130 WE'RE EXTRACTING DISTRIBUTIONS FROM THAT 我们正在从中提取分配 614 00:33:53,198 --> 00:33:55,599 TO BUILD A MUCH LARGER MODEL THAT IS BASED 建立一个更大的模型 615 00:33:55,667 --> 00:33:56,833 ON BIOLOGICAL DATA, 关于生物数据， 616 00:33:56,902 --> 00:33:58,101 NOT BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION 不基于假设 617 00:33:58,170 --> 00:34:00,370 OF HOW--HOW BIOLOGY WORKS, BUT ACTUALLY 生物学如何运作，但实际上 618 00:34:00,439 --> 00:34:03,140 ON DATA THAT COMES OUT OF A BIOLABORATORY. 关于来自生物实验室的数据。 619 00:34:05,144 --> 00:34:07,277 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE BLUE BRAIN TEAM HOPES EAGLEMAN，配音：蓝色大脑团队希望 620 00:34:07,346 --> 00:34:09,946 TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOAL BY 2023-- 到2023年实现目标 621 00:34:10,015 --> 00:34:14,418 A FULL WORKING SIMULATION OF A HUMAN BRAIN, 人体的完整工作模拟 622 00:34:14,486 --> 00:34:16,787 AND THAT RAISES A QUESTION-- 并提出了一个问题- 623 00:34:16,855 --> 00:34:18,955 WHAT WILL THE FINISHED PRODUCT BE? 成品将是什么？ 624 00:34:19,024 --> 00:34:21,258 WILL IT BE A MIND? WILL IT THINK? 会成为主意吗？ 625 00:34:21,326 --> 00:34:23,360 WILL IT BE SELF-AWARE? 会自觉吗？ 626 00:34:25,864 --> 00:34:31,134 IF THE ANSWER IS YES ANDA MIND CAN LIVE IN A COMPUTER, 如果答案是肯定的，并且可以在计算机中生活， 627 00:34:31,203 --> 00:34:34,938 THEN DO WE HAVE TO COPY NATURE'S BIOLOGICAL BLUEPRINTS, 那我们就必须复制自然界的生物蓝图， 628 00:34:35,007 --> 00:34:38,875 OR MIGHT IT BE POSSIBLETO PROGRAM A DIFFERENT KIND 或可能需要编写不同的种类 629 00:34:38,944 --> 00:34:42,646 OF INTELLIGENCE, ONE OF OUR OWN INVENTION? 是我们的一项发明？ 630 00:34:49,621 --> 00:34:51,688 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN TRYING FOR A LONG TIME 人们已经尝试了很长时间 631 00:34:51,757 --> 00:34:54,157 TO CREATE MACHINES THAT THINK. 创建具有这种思维的机器。 632 00:34:54,226 --> 00:34:56,726 THIS FIELD, CALLED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 这个领域，被称为人工智慧， 633 00:34:56,795 --> 00:34:59,629 HAS BEEN AROUND SINCE AT LEAST THE 1950s. 至少从1950年代就开始 634 00:35:01,366 --> 00:35:05,535 THE PROBLEM HAS TURNED OUT TO BE UNEXPECTEDLY DIFFICULT, 结果发现问题出乎意料的困难， 635 00:35:05,604 --> 00:35:08,138 AND THIS SPEAKSTO THE EXTRAORDINARY ENIGMA 和这个特别的谜题 636 00:35:08,207 --> 00:35:10,740 OF HOW THE BRAIN DOES WHAT IT DOES... 关于大脑的作用 637 00:35:13,745 --> 00:35:18,148 BECAUSE, WHILE WE'LL SOON HAVECARS THAT DRIVE THEMSELVES 因为，我们很快就会拥有自己的驾驶汽车 638 00:35:18,217 --> 00:35:20,283 AND IT'S ALMOST TWO DECADES SINCE A COMPUTER 一台计算机以来几乎两个十年 639 00:35:20,352 --> 00:35:23,954 FIRST BEAT A CHESS GRAND MASTER, 首先击败一位棋牌大师， 640 00:35:24,022 --> 00:35:27,124 THE GOAL OF A TRULY SENTIENT MACHINE 真正意义上的机器的目标 641 00:35:27,192 --> 00:35:29,159 STILL WAITS TO BE ACHIEVED. 仍然可以实现。 642 00:35:32,598 --> 00:35:35,165 ONE OF THE LATEST ATTEMPTS TO CREATE 创建的最新尝试之一 643 00:35:35,234 --> 00:35:37,400 AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CAN BE FOUND 可以找到人工智慧 644 00:35:37,469 --> 00:35:39,870 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH IN ENGLAND. 在英国普利默斯大学。 645 00:35:41,940 --> 00:35:44,274 IT'S CALLED iCUB. 它被称为iCUB。 646 00:35:44,343 --> 00:35:46,076 IT'S A HUMANOID ROBOT, 这是人形机器人， 647 00:35:46,145 --> 00:35:50,180 AND IT'S DESIGNED TO LEARN AS A CHILD LEARNS. 并且它被设计作为儿童学习。 648 00:35:51,817 --> 00:35:53,884 TRADITIONALLY, ROBOTS ARE PREPROGRAMMED 传统上，机器人已预先编程 649 00:35:53,952 --> 00:35:56,019 WITH EVERYTHING THEY NEED TO KNOW, 一切都需要知道， 650 00:35:56,088 --> 00:35:58,021 BUT WHAT IF YOU COULD CREATE A ROBOT 但是如果您可以创建一个机器人 651 00:35:58,090 --> 00:36:01,491 BY DEVELOPING IT THE WAYTHAT A HUMAN INFANT GROWS? 通过发展人类婴儿成长的方式？ 652 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:05,462 iCUB IS ABOUT THE SIZE OF A TWO-YEAR-OLD. iCUB大约有两年历史了。 653 00:36:05,531 --> 00:36:08,632 IT HAS EYES AND EARS AND TOUCH SENSORS, 它有眼睛，耳朵和触摸传感器， 654 00:36:08,700 --> 00:36:10,867 AND THESE ALLOW IT TO INTERACT WITH THE WORLD 并且可以与世界互动 655 00:36:10,936 --> 00:36:13,236 AND LEARN FROM IT. 并从中学习。 656 00:36:13,305 --> 00:36:17,207 BABIES DON'T COME INTO THE WORLDKNOWING HOW TO SPEAK AND WALK, 婴儿不会进入世界，知道如何说话和行走， 657 00:36:17,276 --> 00:36:19,643 BUT THEY COME WITH CURIOSITY, 但他们充满好奇心， 658 00:36:19,711 --> 00:36:21,878 AND THEY PAY ATTENTION, AND THEY IMITATE. 并注意他们，并模仿他们。 659 00:36:21,947 --> 00:36:25,282 THEY USE THE WORLDTHAT THEY'RE IN AS A TEXTBOOK 他们使用书本中的世界 660 00:36:25,350 --> 00:36:27,350 SO THEY CAN LEARN BY EXAMPLE, 因此，他们可以通过示例学习 661 00:36:27,419 --> 00:36:31,655 SO WHAT IF YOU WANTED TO CREATE A ROBOT TO DO THE SAME THING? 那如果您想创建一个机器人来做同样的事情呢？ 662 00:36:31,723 --> 00:36:34,591 WELL, YOU WOULD TAKE A CRUDE BRAIN SIMULATION, 好吧，您将进行粗脑模拟， 663 00:36:34,660 --> 00:36:36,993 AND YOU'D GIVE IT A MECHANICAL BODY 而且您会给它一个机械体 664 00:36:37,062 --> 00:36:39,796 SO THAT IT COULD INTERACT WITH THE WORLD. 这样就可以与世界互动。 665 00:36:42,201 --> 00:36:43,366 HELLO. 你好。 666 00:36:43,435 --> 00:36:45,068 HELLO.I'M iCUB. 嗨，我是iCUB。 667 00:36:45,137 --> 00:36:48,638 THIS IS A RED BALL. 这是一个红色的球。 668 00:36:48,707 --> 00:36:50,340 THIS IS A RED BALL. 这是一个红色的球。 669 00:36:50,409 --> 00:36:52,976 THIS IS A YELLOW CUP. 这是一个黄色杯子。 670 00:36:53,045 --> 00:36:54,978 YELLOW CUP. 黄杯。 671 00:36:55,047 --> 00:36:57,948 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THE AIMIS THAT WITH EACH INTERACTION, EAGLEMAN，配音：每次互动的AIMIS， 672 00:36:58,016 --> 00:37:02,285 THE ROBOT CONTINUALLY ADDS TO ITS BASE OF KNOWLEDGE. 机器人会不断添加其知识库。 673 00:37:02,354 --> 00:37:04,521 IT'S MAKING CONNECTIONS 建立联系 674 00:37:04,590 --> 00:37:08,325 AND BUILDING A REPERTOIRE OF APPROPRIATE RESPONSES, 并建立适当的反应库， 675 00:37:08,393 --> 00:37:11,461 AND, BECAUSE IT LOOKS AND SOUNDS A BIT LIKE A HUMAN, 而且，因为它看起来和听起来有点像人类， 676 00:37:11,530 --> 00:37:15,532 IT'S EASY TO BE CONVINCED THAT IT THINKS LIKE ONE. 很容易让人想起它。 677 00:37:15,601 --> 00:37:17,734 WHERE IS THE YELLOW CUP? 黄色杯子在哪里？ 678 00:37:22,941 --> 00:37:25,675 WHERE IS THE RED BALL? 红球在哪里？ 679 00:37:28,680 --> 00:37:31,548 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: OFTEN, iCUB GETS IT WRONG. EAGLEMAN，配音：通常，ICUB会出错。 680 00:37:31,617 --> 00:37:33,550 THAT'S PART OF THE PROCESS... 那是过程的一部分... 681 00:37:33,619 --> 00:37:35,285 WHAT IS THIS? 这是什么？ 682 00:37:35,354 --> 00:37:38,355 I'M SORRY. I DON'TKNOW WHAT THIS IS. 对不起。 683 00:37:40,192 --> 00:37:42,292 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:BUT THE MORE IT GETS IT WRONG, EAGLEMAN，VOICE-OVER：但更多的是它出错的地方， 684 00:37:42,361 --> 00:37:44,194 THE MORE YOU GET THE SENSE 您越感官 685 00:37:44,263 --> 00:37:46,830 THERE'S NO REAL MIND BEHIND THE PROGRAM. 程序后面没有真正的想法。 686 00:37:49,334 --> 00:37:50,800 WHAT IS THIS? 这是什么？ 687 00:37:50,869 --> 00:37:54,771 I'M SORRY. I DON'TKNOW WHAT THIS IS. 对不起。 688 00:37:54,840 --> 00:37:56,706 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHAT BECOMES CLEAR EAGLEMAN，配音：变得清晰 689 00:37:56,775 --> 00:37:59,843 IS THAT iCUB IS PURELY MECHANICAL. 正是iCUB是纯机械的。 690 00:37:59,911 --> 00:38:03,246 YOU CAN FEEL THAT IT'S RUN BY LINES OF CODE 您可以感觉到它是按代码行运行的 691 00:38:03,315 --> 00:38:06,316 INSTEAD OF TRAINS OF THOUGHT, 代之以思考的想法 692 00:38:06,385 --> 00:38:09,052 SO IT CAN SAY, "RED BALL," 可以这样说：“红球” 693 00:38:09,121 --> 00:38:11,488 BUT DOES IT REALLY EXPERIENCE REDNESS 但是真的很需要体验 694 00:38:11,556 --> 00:38:13,723 OR THE CONCEPT OF ROUNDNESS? 还是圆度的概念？ 695 00:38:13,792 --> 00:38:17,394 DO COMPUTERS DO JUST WHAT THEY'RE PROGRAMMED TO DO, 电脑只是按照程序要做， 696 00:38:17,462 --> 00:38:22,132 OR CAN IT EVER REALLY HAVE INTERNAL EXPERIENCE? 还是真的可以拥有内部体验？ 697 00:38:25,737 --> 00:38:28,004 IN THE 1980s,THE PHILOSOPHER JOHN SEARLE 在1980年代，哲学家约翰·塞尔（John Searle） 698 00:38:28,073 --> 00:38:30,440 WAS CHEWING ON THIS PROBLEM, AND HE CAME UP 一直在思考这个问题，然后他就来了 699 00:38:30,509 --> 00:38:33,576 WITH A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT THATGETS RIGHT AT THE HEART OF IT, 借助经过全面思考的实验， 700 00:38:33,645 --> 00:38:37,480 AND HE CALLED THIS THE CHINESE ROOM. 他叫了这间中国房间。 701 00:38:37,549 --> 00:38:40,950 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:THE EXPERIMENT GOES LIKE THIS. EAGLEMAN，配音：实验就像这样。 702 00:38:41,019 --> 00:38:43,687 I'M LOCKED IN A ROOM. 我被锁在房间里。 703 00:38:43,755 --> 00:38:48,692 OUTSIDE, THERE'S SOMEONE WHOONLY COMMUNICATES IN CHINESE. 在外面，只有一个人用中文交流。 704 00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:51,728 SHE WRITES OUT SOME QUESTIONS 她写了一些问题 705 00:38:51,797 --> 00:38:54,898 AND THEN POSTS THOSE TO ME IN THE ROOM. 然后在房间里贴给我 706 00:38:54,966 --> 00:38:58,201 NOW, I DON'T SPEAK CHINESE,BUT I DO HAVE THESE BOOKS, 现在，我不会说中文，但是我有这些书， 707 00:38:58,270 --> 00:39:01,438 AND THEY GIVE ME INSTRUCTIONS ON EXACTLY WHAT TO DO 他们给了我关于该怎么做的指示 708 00:39:01,506 --> 00:39:03,773 WITH THESE SYMBOLS, SO I LOOK IN THE BOOK, 有了这些符号，我看了一下书， 709 00:39:03,842 --> 00:39:08,178 AND--AND IF I CAN FIND A MATCH TO THE SYMBOLS, 并且-如果我可以找到符号的匹配项， 710 00:39:08,246 --> 00:39:10,747 THEN THE BOOK TELLS ME EXACTLY HOW TO RESPOND, 然后书告诉我确切如何回应， 711 00:39:10,816 --> 00:39:13,016 SO I CAN LOOK UP THIS RESPONSE. 这样我就可以查找此响应。 712 00:39:15,654 --> 00:39:18,788 THAT MATCHES, SO NOW I CAN POST THIS 匹配，所以我现在可以发布 713 00:39:18,857 --> 00:39:21,524 AS THE REPLY TO THE MESSAGE I RECEIVED. 收到我的回覆。 714 00:39:23,595 --> 00:39:25,595 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: WHEN OUR CHINESE SPEAKER EAGLEMAN，配音：当我们说中文时 715 00:39:25,664 --> 00:39:28,231 RECEIVES THE MESSAGE,IT MAKES PERFECT SENSE TO HER. 收到消息后，对她的感觉就很完美。 716 00:39:30,135 --> 00:39:31,968 [SPEAKING CHINESE] [讲中文] 717 00:39:36,908 --> 00:39:39,476 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: AS FAR AS SHE'S CONCERNED, EAGLEMAN，旁白：正如她所担心的那样， 718 00:39:39,544 --> 00:39:42,479 WE'RE HAVING A CONVERSATION IN HER LANGUAGE. 我们正在用她的语言进行交流。 719 00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:45,215 JUST BY FOLLOWING A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS, 只需遵循以下说明， 720 00:39:45,283 --> 00:39:47,817 I CAN CONVINCE SOMEBODY ON THE OUTSIDE 我可以说服别人 721 00:39:47,886 --> 00:39:50,153 THAT I SPEAK CHINESE, 我说中文， 722 00:39:50,222 --> 00:39:52,922 AND IF I HAVE A LARGE ENOUGH SET OF RESPONSE BOOKS, 如果我有大量的响应书， 723 00:39:52,991 --> 00:39:56,459 I CAN HAVE A CONVERSATION ABOUT ANYTHING, 我可以进行任何对话 724 00:39:56,528 --> 00:39:58,294 BUT HERE'S THE IMPORTANT PART. 但这里是重要的部分。 725 00:39:58,363 --> 00:40:03,199 I, THE OPERATOR, DO NOT UNDERSTAND CHINESE. 我，操作员，不要懂中文。 726 00:40:03,268 --> 00:40:06,336 I CAN MANIPULATE SYMBOLS ALL DAY LONG, 我可以整天操纵符号， 727 00:40:06,405 --> 00:40:09,305 BUT NONE OF IT HAS ANY MEANING TO ME. 但是对我来说没有任何意义。 728 00:40:09,374 --> 00:40:11,908 THE ARGUMENT GOES THAT THIS 争论就是这样 729 00:40:11,977 --> 00:40:15,712 IS JUST WHAT HAPPENS INSIDE A COMPUTER. 只是计算机内部发生了什么。 730 00:40:15,781 --> 00:40:18,281 NO MATTER HOW SENTIENT IT SEEMS, 没问题，它看起来如何， 731 00:40:18,350 --> 00:40:21,951 THE COMPUTER IS ONLY EVER FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS, 仅在遵循说明的情况下使用计算机， 732 00:40:22,020 --> 00:40:24,921 MANIPULATING SYMBOLS. 操纵符号。 733 00:40:28,693 --> 00:40:30,727 NOW, NOT EVERYBODY AGREES WITH THIS INTERPRETATION 现在，并非所有人都同意这种解释 734 00:40:30,796 --> 00:40:32,162 OF THE CHINESE ROOM. 的中国房间。 735 00:40:32,230 --> 00:40:34,831 SOME PEOPLE POINT OUTTHAT, ALTHOUGH THE OPERATOR 有人指出，尽管算子 736 00:40:34,900 --> 00:40:37,967 DOESN'T UNDERSTAND CHINESE,THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE, 不会中文，整个系统， 737 00:40:38,036 --> 00:40:41,838 THE OPERATOR PLUS THE BOOKS,DOES UNDERSTAND CHINESE. 操作员加书本，懂中文。 738 00:40:41,907 --> 00:40:44,374 WHATEVER THE CORRECT INTERPRETATION, 无论正确的解释是什么， 739 00:40:44,443 --> 00:40:46,242 THE IMPORTANT THING IS THIS. 重要的事情就是这样。 740 00:40:46,311 --> 00:40:49,078 IT EXPOSES THE DIFFICULTY AND THE MYSTERY 它揭示了难题和奥秘 741 00:40:49,147 --> 00:40:52,582 OF HOW PHYSICAL PIECES AND PARTS 作者：潘W，物理与零件学报JOURNAL 742 00:40:52,651 --> 00:40:54,651 EVER COME TO EQUAL 永远平等 743 00:40:54,719 --> 00:40:57,887 OUR EXPERIENCE OF BEING ALIVE IN THE WORLD. 我们在世界上生存的经验。 744 00:40:59,691 --> 00:41:04,127 WITH EVERY ATTEMPT TO SIMULATEOR CREATE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE, 尝试模拟或创建主观体验， 745 00:41:04,196 --> 00:41:06,696 WE'RE CONFRONTED WITHONE OF THE GREATEST MYSTERIES 我们深感其中一个最大的谜团 746 00:41:06,765 --> 00:41:09,399 OF NEUROSCIENCE. 神经科学 747 00:41:09,468 --> 00:41:12,068 EVERY BRAIN CELL IS JUST A CELL... 每个脑细胞只是一个细胞... 748 00:41:14,206 --> 00:41:18,074 RUNNING ITS BASIC OPERATIONS,FOLLOWING ITS LOCAL RULES. 遵循其本地规则来运行其基本操作。 749 00:41:18,143 --> 00:41:24,180 HOW DO BILLIONS OF THESE ADD UP TO THE FEELING OF ME? 这些钱如何增加到我的感觉上？ 750 00:41:30,388 --> 00:41:33,022 IF WE WANT TO SEE HOW SIMPLE PARTS 如果我们想看看简单的零件 751 00:41:33,091 --> 00:41:36,192 CAN GIVE RISE TO SOMETHING BIGGER, 可以使事情变得更大， 752 00:41:36,261 --> 00:41:38,828 ONE CAN LOOK TO THE NATURAL WORLD. 一个可以期待自然世界的人。 753 00:41:38,897 --> 00:41:40,763 THE HOUSTON ZOO IS HOME 休斯顿动物园在家里 754 00:41:40,832 --> 00:41:43,933 TO A LARGE COLONY OF LEAF CUTTER ANTS. 到了大片的叶刀蚂蚁。 755 00:41:45,537 --> 00:41:49,405 INDIVIDUALLY, EACH ANT BEHAVES SIMPLISTICALLY, 个别地，每个蚂蚁都表现得很简单， 756 00:41:49,474 --> 00:41:51,608 BUT WHEN THESE ANTS WORK TOGETHER, 但是当这些蚂蚁一起工作时， 757 00:41:51,676 --> 00:41:54,577 THE COLONY IS LIKE A SUPER ORGANISM 殖民地就像一个超级有机体 758 00:41:54,646 --> 00:41:58,348 THAT ACCOMPLISHES SOMETHING MUCH GREATER. 达到更大的目标。 759 00:41:58,416 --> 00:42:01,184 MAN: ALL OF THESE ANTS HAVE A DIFFERENT JOB. 男人：所有这些蚂蚁都有不同的工作机会。 760 00:42:01,253 --> 00:42:02,719 THERE ARE SOME THAT ARE REALLY, REALLY GOOD 有些真的非常好 761 00:42:02,787 --> 00:42:04,187 AT JUST CUTTING LEAVES, 只要切开叶子， 762 00:42:04,256 --> 00:42:06,589 OTHERS THAT ARE GOOD AT CARRYING LEAVES, 可以带走树叶的其他人， 763 00:42:06,658 --> 00:42:07,824 AND THEN OTHERS THAT DO OTHER FUNCTIONS 以及执行其他功能的其他人 764 00:42:07,893 --> 00:42:09,392 WITHIN THE GROUP. 在组内。 765 00:42:09,461 --> 00:42:11,694 THEY'RE INDEPENDENT, BUT THEY ALL WORK 他们是独立的，但是他们所有的工作 766 00:42:11,763 --> 00:42:13,530 TOWARDS A COMMON CAUSE, 解决常见原因 767 00:42:13,598 --> 00:42:16,399 SO THEY'RE ALL COMING OUT DOING 所以他们都在做 768 00:42:16,468 --> 00:42:18,535 WHAT THEIR JOB IS TO DO FOR THE GOOD 他们的工作是做什么的 769 00:42:18,603 --> 00:42:20,770 OF THE WHOLE COLONY. 整个殖民地。 770 00:42:20,839 --> 00:42:23,306 SO DO THESE ANTS COMMUNICATEBY CHEMICAL SIGNALING? 这些蚂蚁是否通过化学信号进行通讯？ 771 00:42:23,375 --> 00:42:24,541 YES. THEY DO. 是。 772 00:42:24,609 --> 00:42:26,109 WHENEVER THEY FIND SOMETHING THAT IS, 只要发现什么， 773 00:42:26,177 --> 00:42:28,177 YOU KNOW, A GREAT LEAF FOR THEM TO CUT 您知道，他们要切的好机会 774 00:42:28,246 --> 00:42:30,280 OR FRUIT OR VEGETABLES, 或水果或蔬菜， 775 00:42:30,348 --> 00:42:32,549 UH, WHEN ONE ANT GOES AND FINDS THAT, 嗯，当一只蚂蚁去找了， 776 00:42:32,617 --> 00:42:34,183 THEY WILL LAY THAT SIGNAL, 他们会放置信号， 777 00:42:34,252 --> 00:42:35,351 AND THEN THE REST WILL JUST FOLLOW IT, 然后剩下的就跟着， 778 00:42:35,420 --> 00:42:36,786 AND IT BECOMES A VERY STRAIGHT LINE. 它变成了一条直线。 779 00:42:36,855 --> 00:42:38,288 INSTEAD OF THEM BRANCHING OUT, 代替他们的扩张， 780 00:42:38,356 --> 00:42:39,789 GOING DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS 前往不同的方向 781 00:42:39,858 --> 00:42:41,291 TO GET TO THE SAME THING, 要实现相同的目标， 782 00:42:41,359 --> 00:42:43,593 THEY ALL FOLLOW THE-- THE CHEMICAL SIGNAL. 他们都遵循-化学信号。 783 00:42:43,662 --> 00:42:45,528 SO WHAT HAPPENSIF ONE OF THESE ANTS 如果这些蚂蚁之一发生了什么 784 00:42:45,597 --> 00:42:46,763 IS JUST OFFBY HIMSELF? HIMSELF刚出发吗？ 785 00:42:46,831 --> 00:42:48,898 SO IF WE WERE TO GET THIS GUY, 所以如果我们要得到这个家伙， 786 00:42:48,967 --> 00:42:50,433 THIS IS A BIGGER ANT HERE. 这是这里的大蚂蚁。 787 00:42:50,502 --> 00:42:52,635 YEAH. POOR GUY. HE'S JUST--HE'S JUST RUNNING... 是的 788 00:42:52,704 --> 00:42:54,304 GOING AROUND IN CIRCLES. 绕圈走。 789 00:42:54,372 --> 00:42:55,438 SPINNING IN CIRCLES.YEAH. 在CIRCLES.YEAH中旋转。 790 00:42:57,776 --> 00:42:59,342 HE'S NOT GETTING THAT SIGNAL, 他没有得到那个信号， 791 00:42:59,411 --> 00:43:01,110 THAT CHEMICAL SIGNAL, BACK 那个化学信号，后面 792 00:43:01,179 --> 00:43:03,580 THAT, "YOU ARE GOING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTIONS." 就是说，“您的路线正确。” 793 00:43:03,648 --> 00:43:06,149 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THIS ANT CAN'T FUNCTION EAGLEMAN，语音结束：此蚂蚁无法正常工作 794 00:43:06,217 --> 00:43:08,651 OUTSIDE THE NETWORK OF LOCAL SIGNALS 本地信号网络之外 795 00:43:08,720 --> 00:43:11,821 BECAUSE HE NEEDS THOSE TO TELL HIM WHAT DO. 因为他需要告诉他做什么。 796 00:43:11,890 --> 00:43:13,923 PUT HIM BACK INTO THE NETWORK, 将他放回网络， 797 00:43:13,992 --> 00:43:17,493 AND HE DOES JUST WHAT'S NEEDED TO SERVE THE GREATER PURPOSE. 而且他只是需要为更大的目的服务。 798 00:43:19,531 --> 00:43:23,766 THE SCOUT ANTS ONLY WORRY ABOUT WHERE TO FIND THE BEST PLANTS. 童军只在哪里寻找最好的植物担心。 799 00:43:23,835 --> 00:43:26,703 THE LEAF CUTTERS DO THE CUTTING. 切叶机进行切割。 800 00:43:26,771 --> 00:43:31,541 THE CARRIERS KNOW WHICH PARTSTO BRING BACK TO THE NEST, 承运人知道哪些零件会回到巢中， 801 00:43:31,610 --> 00:43:37,981 AND THERE, INSIDE, OTHER ANTSBUILD, TEND, HARVEST, MATE. 以及内部，其他结局，趋势，收获，伴侣。 802 00:43:38,049 --> 00:43:40,016 IT'S AN ENTIRE SYSTEM 这是一个完整的系统 803 00:43:40,085 --> 00:43:43,453 REGULATED BY LOCAL SIGNALING BETWEEN THEM. 它们之间通过本地信号进行调节。 804 00:43:43,521 --> 00:43:48,257 IN ALL OF THIS, NO ONE ANT SEES THE BIG PICTURE 在所有这些方面，没有人会看到大照片 805 00:43:48,326 --> 00:43:51,794 ABOUT THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY THEY'VE CREATED, 关于农业社会， 806 00:43:51,863 --> 00:43:53,896 AND IT DOESN'T MATTER. 它并不重要。 807 00:43:53,965 --> 00:43:55,932 THE POWER OF THE COLONY EMERGES 殖民地崛起的力量 808 00:43:56,001 --> 00:43:59,869 FROM THE LOCAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE ANTS. 来自蚂蚁之间的局部互动。 809 00:43:59,938 --> 00:44:01,771 PUT ENOUGH ANTS TOGETHER, AND, BANG, 放在一起，然后，砰， 810 00:44:01,840 --> 00:44:04,741 YOU GET A SUPERORGANISMWITH SOPHISTICATED PROPERTIES 您将获得具有复杂特性的超级有机体 811 00:44:04,809 --> 00:44:08,177 THAT DON'T BELONG TO ANY OF THE PARTS, 不属于任何部分， 812 00:44:08,246 --> 00:44:11,781 AND THIS IS THE CONCEPT OF EMERGENT PROPERTIES. 这就是新兴财产的概念。 813 00:44:11,850 --> 00:44:14,984 PUT ENOUGH SIMPLE UNITS TOGETHER AND HAVE THEM INTERACT 将足够多的简单单元放在一起并进行交互 814 00:44:15,053 --> 00:44:19,155 IN THE RIGHT WAYS,AND SOMETHING LARGER EMERGES. 在正确的方式和更大的涌现中。 815 00:44:21,292 --> 00:44:26,229 THE IDEA IS THAT SOMETHING LIKE THIS HAPPENS IN THE BRAIN. 想法就是发生在脑中。 816 00:44:26,297 --> 00:44:28,464 A NEURON HAS CERTAIN PROPERTIES. 神经元具有某些特性。 817 00:44:28,533 --> 00:44:31,134 IT CAN GATHER CHEMICAL AND ELECTRICAL SIGNALS 它可以收集化学和电子信号 818 00:44:31,202 --> 00:44:34,404 AND SPIT OUT SIGNALS TO OTHER NEURONS, 并向其他神经元发出信号， 819 00:44:34,472 --> 00:44:37,106 BUT FUNDAMENTALLY, IT'S A CELL, 但基本而言，它是一个细胞， 820 00:44:37,175 --> 00:44:39,842 LIKE TRILLIONS OF OTHERS IN THE HUMAN BODY. 像数以万计的其他人。 821 00:44:39,911 --> 00:44:43,880 IT SPENDS ITS LIFE EMBEDDEDIN A NETWORK OF OTHER CELLS, 它的生命力在于其他细胞的网络中， 822 00:44:43,948 --> 00:44:46,182 AND, WHATEVER ITS FUNCTION, 并且，无论其功能如何， 823 00:44:46,251 --> 00:44:50,720 ALL IT DOES IS REACT TO LOCAL SIGNALS. 所有操作都会与本地信号发生反应。 824 00:44:50,789 --> 00:44:53,790 JUST LIKE THE ANT,A BRAIN CELL SPENDS ITS LIFE 就像蚂蚁一样，大脑细胞的生命将持续 825 00:44:53,858 --> 00:44:56,125 RUNNING ITS LOCAL PROGRAMS, 运行其本地程序， 826 00:44:56,194 --> 00:44:58,428 BUT GET ENOUGH BRAIN CELLS TOGETHER 但同时获得足够的脑细胞 827 00:44:58,496 --> 00:45:03,066 INTERACTING IN THE RIGHT WAYS, AND THE MIND EMERGES. 与正确的方式互动，并产生新的想法。 828 00:45:04,803 --> 00:45:09,038 THE CONCEPT OF EMERGENTPROPERTIES OFFERS A POSSIBLE WAY 新兴财产的概念提供了一种可能的方法 829 00:45:09,107 --> 00:45:13,476 TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE VAST NEURAL POPULATIONS OF THE BRAIN 了解大脑中的大量神经人口 830 00:45:13,545 --> 00:45:19,015 MIGHT PRODUCE CONSCIOUSNESS, ANDIT GIVES RISE TO A QUESTION-- 可能会产生意识，并且它提出了一个问题- 831 00:45:19,084 --> 00:45:21,984 COULD CONSCIOUSNESS EMERGE FROM ANYTHING 任何事情都可能产生意识 832 00:45:22,053 --> 00:45:24,921 THAT HAS LOTS OF INTERACTING PARTS? 有很多相互作用的零件？ 833 00:45:24,989 --> 00:45:27,757 COULD A CITY BE CONSCIOUS? 一个城市可能会很认真吗？ 834 00:45:29,561 --> 00:45:31,561 OR MAYBE IT'S NOT ENOUGH 还是不够 835 00:45:31,629 --> 00:45:34,163 TO HAVE LOT OF SIMPLE PIECES INTERACTING. 具有很多简单的交互作用。 836 00:45:34,232 --> 00:45:38,801 MAYBE THE PARTS NEED TO INTERACT IN VERY SPECIFIC WAYS. 零件可能需要以非常特定的方式进行交互。 837 00:45:40,905 --> 00:45:43,806 IF THAT'S TRUE,THEN WE MIGHT EXPECT TO FIND 如果是真的，我们可能会发现 838 00:45:43,875 --> 00:45:46,876 PARTICULAR SIGNATURES OF ACTIVITY 活动的特殊标志 839 00:45:46,945 --> 00:45:48,978 IN NETWORKS THAT ARE CONSCIOUS. 在有意义的网络中。 840 00:45:53,518 --> 00:45:57,220 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, GIULIO TONONI AND HIS TEAM 在威斯康星大学，朱利奥·托诺尼和他的团队 841 00:45:57,288 --> 00:46:01,023 ARE HUNTING FOR THOSE SIGNATURES. 正在寻找这些签名。 842 00:46:01,092 --> 00:46:04,193 THEY'RE FOCUSING ON THE TRANSITION TO CONSCIOUSNESS 他们专注于意识的转变 843 00:46:04,262 --> 00:46:08,998 THAT HAPPENS IN THE BRAIN EVERY SINGLE DAY WHEN WE WAKE UP. 我们每天醒来的每一天都会发生这种情况。 844 00:46:11,870 --> 00:46:14,170 TONONI, VOICE-OVER: WHEN YOU WAKE UP IN THE MORNING 托诺尼，配音：当您在早晨醒来时 845 00:46:14,239 --> 00:46:15,838 FROM A DREAMLESS SLEEP, 从梦D以求的睡眠中 846 00:46:15,907 --> 00:46:18,074 BEFORE, THERE WAS ABSOLUTELY NOTHING, 之前，绝对没有， 847 00:46:18,143 --> 00:46:20,343 AND THEN YOU'RE AWAKE, 然后你醒了， 848 00:46:20,411 --> 00:46:22,712 AND IN THE--THE SPACE OF A FEW SECONDS, 在接下来的几秒钟内， 849 00:46:22,781 --> 00:46:25,114 THERE IS EVERYTHING-- 一切都- 850 00:46:25,183 --> 00:46:28,718 COLORS, SOUNDS, PEOPLE, THOUGHTS, DESIRES, 颜色，声音，人，思想，欲望， 851 00:46:28,787 --> 00:46:32,455 PLANS FOR THE DAY, AND,OF COURSE, THE WORLD AROUND YOU. 当天的计划，当然还有您周围的世界。 852 00:46:33,691 --> 00:46:35,625 THAT IS CONSCIOUSNESS. 这是自觉的。 853 00:46:37,762 --> 00:46:41,330 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER:TONONI'S EXPERIMENTS USE TMS, EAGLEMAN，语音：TONONI的实验使用TMS， 854 00:46:41,399 --> 00:46:43,866 TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION, 经颅磁刺激 855 00:46:43,935 --> 00:46:48,771 TO MAKE SMALL, TARGETEDDISRUPTIONS IN BRAIN ACTIVITY, 为了使大脑活动有针对性的小干扰， 856 00:46:48,840 --> 00:46:54,377 AND THEY CAN DO THIS WHILEA PERSON IS AWAKE OR ASLEEP. 并且他们可以做到这一点，而使人处于清醒状态或睡眠状态。 857 00:46:54,445 --> 00:46:57,313 IN THE AWAKE BRAIN, AN ELECTRICAL PULSE 在清醒的大脑中，一个电脉冲 858 00:46:57,382 --> 00:47:02,518 MOVES OUTWARDS ACROSS THE CORTEX LIKE RIPPLES ON A POND, 在池塘上像皮质波纹一样向外移动， 859 00:47:02,587 --> 00:47:07,323 BUT IN THE SLEEPING BRAIN, ONLY NEARBY AREAS REACT. 但是在睡眠大脑中，只能在附近区域进行反应。 860 00:47:07,392 --> 00:47:09,225 THE RIPPLES HARDLY SPREAD. 涟漪很难传播。 861 00:47:12,030 --> 00:47:14,897 TONONI, VOICE-OVER: WHEN YOUFALL INTO DREAMLESS SLEEP, 汤诺尼，旁白：当您沉迷于梦乡时， 862 00:47:14,966 --> 00:47:19,302 SOMEHOW THE NEURONS ARE NOT ABLE TO TALK TO EACH OTHER. 某些神经元无法互相交流。 863 00:47:19,370 --> 00:47:22,872 WHAT WE ACTIVATE WITH TMS REMAINS VERY LOCAL. 我们使用TMS REMAINS激活的内容非常本地。 864 00:47:22,941 --> 00:47:25,241 IT REMAINS THERE.IT DOESN'T TRAVEL ANYMORE. 无需再旅行。 865 00:47:25,310 --> 00:47:28,110 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: THAT SPREAD OF ACTIVITY EAGLEMAN，配音：传播活动 866 00:47:28,179 --> 00:47:31,881 ACROSS THE WAKING BRAIN MAY BE A CLUE TO CONSCIOUSNESS. 整个醒脑可能是意识的线索。 867 00:47:31,950 --> 00:47:34,250 WHILE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE BRAIN ARE INVESTED 在研究脑的不同区域时 868 00:47:34,319 --> 00:47:37,486 IN DIFFERENT TASKS,CONSCIOUSNESS SEEMS TO HAVE 在不同的任务中，需要具有意识 869 00:47:37,555 --> 00:47:39,755 SOMETHING TO DO WITH INTEGRATING ACTIVITY 与整合活动有关 870 00:47:39,824 --> 00:47:43,059 ACROSS VAST BRAIN TERRITORIES, 在广阔的大脑区域， 871 00:47:43,127 --> 00:47:47,997 LINKING AREAS TO PRODUCEA SINGLE, UNIFIED EXPERIENCE. 连接区域以产生单一，统一的体验。 872 00:47:48,066 --> 00:47:50,333 TONONI, VOICE-OVER:YOU DON'T HAVE AN EXPERIENCE 托诺尼，旁白：您没有经验 873 00:47:50,401 --> 00:47:52,301 SPLIT IN TWO PIECES. 分成两部分。 874 00:47:52,370 --> 00:47:54,337 WHEN I SEE YOUR SHIRT, 当我看到您的衬衫时， 875 00:47:54,405 --> 00:47:57,540 I DON'T SEE A SHAPE AND THECOLOR SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER. 我看不到任何其他形状和颜色。 876 00:47:57,609 --> 00:47:59,075 THEY ARE TOGETHER. 他们在一起。 877 00:47:59,143 --> 00:48:01,544 THEY ARE BOUND TOGETHER,SO EVERY EXPERIENCE IS ONE. 它们结合在一起，所以所有的经验都是一。 878 00:48:03,181 --> 00:48:05,581 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: EVERY MOMENT OF EXPERIENCE EAGLEMAN，配音：体验的每一刻 879 00:48:05,650 --> 00:48:10,052 IS A COMPOSITE CREATED FROM INNUMERABLE POSSIBILITIES. 是由无数种可能性创造的复合材料。 880 00:48:10,121 --> 00:48:12,922 I MIGHT BE FEELING THE HEAT OF THE DAY. 我可能会感觉很热。 881 00:48:12,991 --> 00:48:15,691 I MIGHT BE REMEMBERING AN EVENT FROM HIGH SCHOOL. 我可能想起高中的一项活动。 882 00:48:15,760 --> 00:48:18,394 MY STOMACH MIGHT BE DIGESTING LUNCH. 我的胃可能会消化午餐。 883 00:48:18,463 --> 00:48:20,930 I'M ALSO SEEING. I'M HEARING. 我也在看 884 00:48:20,999 --> 00:48:23,866 MY BRAIN WILL CREATE MY SENSE OF SELF 我的大脑会产生自我的感觉 885 00:48:23,935 --> 00:48:26,769 FROM ALL THESE DIFFERENT STRANDS. 来自所有这些不同的品牌。 886 00:48:26,838 --> 00:48:30,573 HOW THE STRANDS ARE WOVENTOGETHER IS STILL A MYSTERY, 如何共同打造品牌仍然是一个谜， 887 00:48:30,642 --> 00:48:33,175 BUT TONONI BELIEVES THAT THE KEY TO CONSCIOUSNESS 但是托诺尼相信意识的关键 888 00:48:33,244 --> 00:48:37,113 IS CONTAINED IN THESE PATTERNS OF INTERACTION. 包含在这些互动模式中。 889 00:48:37,181 --> 00:48:40,182 HE ALSO BELIEVES THAT THIS KEY 他也相信这个关键 890 00:48:40,251 --> 00:48:44,453 DOESN'T HAVE TO BELONG ONLYTO BIOLOGICAL CREATURES. 不必只局限于生物领域。 891 00:48:44,522 --> 00:48:46,722 THAT DEFINITELY IS HOW IT EVOLVED, 肯定是如何演变的， 892 00:48:46,791 --> 00:48:50,293 AND IT TAKES AN ORGANIZATIONOF THAT KIND TO DO IT. 并且它采用了这种组织方式。 893 00:48:50,361 --> 00:48:52,962 IT JUST NEEDS TO BE MADE THE RIGHT WAY. 只是需要采取正确的方法。 894 00:49:01,072 --> 00:49:04,273 EAGLEMAN, VOICE-OVER: BUILDING CONSCIOUSNESS ON ANOTHER MEDIUM EAGLEMAN，配音：在另一种介质上构建意识 895 00:49:04,342 --> 00:49:07,143 IS STILL SQUARELYIN THE REALM OF SPECULATION. 仍在规范领域。 896 00:49:09,614 --> 00:49:12,782 IT COULD TURN OUT THAT THERE'S SOMETHING SPECIAL ABOUT NEURONS 可能会发现有关神经元的某些特殊信息 897 00:49:12,850 --> 00:49:18,688 SO THAT ONLY A BIOLOGICAL BRAIN COULD PRODUCE CONSCIOUSNESS. 因此，只有生物大脑才能产生自觉性。 898 00:49:18,756 --> 00:49:21,958 NONETHELESS, THIS IDEA OFFERS US A GLIMPSE 无意识，这个想法为我们带来了一瞥 899 00:49:22,026 --> 00:49:24,327 OF ONE POSSIBLE FUTURE. 一个可能的未来。 900 00:49:26,197 --> 00:49:29,598 WITH POWERFUL ENOUGH COMPUTERS SIMULATING ALL THE INTERACTIONS 强大的计算机可以模拟所有交互 901 00:49:29,667 --> 00:49:32,635 OF A HUMAN BRAIN, WE COULD ONE DAY BECOME 人的大脑，我们可能会变成一天 902 00:49:32,704 --> 00:49:36,339 NONBIOLOGICAL BEINGS, AND THAT WOULD BE 非生物学的存在，并且将会是 903 00:49:36,407 --> 00:49:39,442 THE GREATEST LEAPIN THE HISTORY OF OUR SPECIES. 最伟大的Leapin我们物种的历史。 904 00:49:39,510 --> 00:49:42,178 WE COULD LEAVE THESE BODIES BEHIND. 我们可以把这些身体留在后面。 905 00:49:45,249 --> 00:49:49,018 DIGITALLY, YOU COULD LIVE WHATEVER LIFE YOU WANTED 从数字上讲，您可以过上想要的任何生活 906 00:49:49,087 --> 00:49:54,190 WHEREVER YOU WANTED WITH A KIND OF IMMORTALITY ON OFFER. 无论您想要什么样的不道德提议。 907 00:49:54,258 --> 00:49:56,392 WHILE THE STARS ARE FAR BEYOND THE REACH 遥远的星星 908 00:49:56,461 --> 00:49:59,528 OF ANY FLESH-AND-BLOOD HUMAN LIFESPAN, 任何有血无肉的人类生命， 909 00:49:59,597 --> 00:50:02,932 YOU COULD BE UPLOADED AND SENT OFF 您可能会上载并发送 910 00:50:03,001 --> 00:50:06,235 TO EXPERIENCE OTHER SOLAR SYSTEMS... 体验其他太阳能系统... 911 00:50:08,473 --> 00:50:13,009 OR YOU COULD ENTER AN EXISTENCE IN A SIMULATED WORLD... 否则您可能会进入一个模拟的世界... 912 00:50:14,712 --> 00:50:16,579 ONE IN WHICH YOU FLEW... 一个人飞... 913 00:50:18,649 --> 00:50:22,518 OR LIVED UNDERWATER 或住在水下 914 00:50:22,587 --> 00:50:24,587 OR LIVED A LIFE OF LUXURY. 或过着奢侈的生活。 915 00:50:27,392 --> 00:50:31,127 MAYBE YOU COULD JOURNEYINTO A RECONSTRUCTED VERSION 也许您可以在JOURNEYINTO上重新构建一个版本 916 00:50:31,195 --> 00:50:33,496 OF THE PAST. 过去的。 917 00:50:35,233 --> 00:50:40,036 WHEN WE IMAGINE SIMULATED LIFE, THE CHOICES ARE ENDLESS, 当我们想到模拟生活时，选择是无穷的， 918 00:50:40,104 --> 00:50:42,505 AND THEY INCLUDE A STRANGE POSSIBILITY 并且它们具有奇特的可能性 919 00:50:42,573 --> 00:50:45,274 THAT WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT IS SOMETHING 我们所说的是什么 920 00:50:45,343 --> 00:50:48,811 THAT'S HAPPENING ALREADY RIGHT NOW. 现在已经发生了。 921 00:50:48,880 --> 00:50:52,848 THE SIMULATION COULD LOOK SOMETHING LIKE THIS, 模拟可能看起来像这样， 922 00:50:52,917 --> 00:50:56,352 AND IT COULD BE THAT WE'RE ALREADY IN IT. 并且它可能就是我们已经在其中。 923 00:50:56,421 --> 00:51:00,956 NOW, THAT IDEA MIGHT SEEM PREPOSTEROUS, 现在，这个想法可能有些荒谬， 924 00:51:01,025 --> 00:51:05,461 BUT IT'S SURPRISINGLY DIFFICULT TO DISPROVE. 但是令人难以置信的是它无法反驳。 925 00:51:05,530 --> 00:51:07,863 IT SEEMS HARD TO IMAGINE THAT ALL OF THIS 很难想象这一切 926 00:51:07,932 --> 00:51:10,666 COULD BE A SIMULATION, BUT WE ALREADY KNOW 可以作为一种模拟，但是我们已经知道 927 00:51:10,735 --> 00:51:13,035 HOW EASILY WE CAN BE FOOLED. 我们如何轻松起步。 928 00:51:13,104 --> 00:51:14,870 EVERY NIGHT WHEN YOU GO TO SLEEP, 每天晚上睡觉时， 929 00:51:14,939 --> 00:51:18,174 YOU HAVE BIZARRE DREAMS, AND WHEN YOU'RE THERE, 您有奇思妙想的梦想，当您在那里时， 930 00:51:18,242 --> 00:51:22,078 YOU BELIEVE THOSE WORLDS ENTIRELY. 您完全相信这些世界。 931 00:51:22,146 --> 00:51:25,881 THE FACT THAT YOU CAN BE SO FOOLED BY YOUR DREAMS 事实使您梦FO以求 932 00:51:25,950 --> 00:51:28,184 IS SUFFICIENT REASON TO QUESTION 问题的充分原因 933 00:51:28,252 --> 00:51:31,987 WHAT YOU'RE EXPERIENCING RIGHT NOW. 您现在正在体验什么。 934 00:51:32,056 --> 00:51:36,659 THE PHILOSOPHER RENE DESCARTES WONDERED, "HOW CAN WE EVER KNOW 哲学家雷恩（Rene）叹为观止，“我们怎么知道 935 00:51:36,727 --> 00:51:40,329 WHETHER WHAT WE'RE EXPERIENCING IS REALITY?" 究竟我们在体验什么？” 936 00:51:40,398 --> 00:51:43,232 HE SAID, "HOW DO I KNOWI'M NOT JUST A BRAIN IN A VAT 他说：“我怎么知道我不只是一个大脑 937 00:51:43,301 --> 00:51:46,235 "THAT'S BEING STIMULATED IN JUST THE RIGHT WAYS “这只是正确的方式而已 938 00:51:46,304 --> 00:51:49,038 "SO THAT I BELIEVETHAT I'M TOUCHING THE GROUND “所以我相信我正在感动地面 939 00:51:49,107 --> 00:51:52,174 AND SEEING PEOPLEAND HEARING THEIR VOICES?" 并查看人们并听到他们的声音？” 940 00:51:52,243 --> 00:51:55,611 AND HE REALIZED THERE'S NO WAY TO KNOW, 他意识到没有办法知道 941 00:51:55,680 --> 00:51:59,081 BUT HE REALIZED SOMETHING ELSE, THAT THERE'S SOME ME 但是他实现了其他一些东西，那就是我 942 00:51:59,150 --> 00:52:03,986 AT THE CENTER OF ALL THIS TRYING TO FIGURE THIS OUT, 在所有试图找出这一点的中心， 943 00:52:04,055 --> 00:52:07,356 SO EVEN IF I AM A BRAIN IN A SIMULATION, 即使我是一个模拟脑子， 944 00:52:07,425 --> 00:52:09,625 I'M THINKING ABOUT IT, 我正在考虑， 945 00:52:09,694 --> 00:52:12,228 AND, THEREFORE, I AM. 还有，我是。 946 00:52:23,174 --> 00:52:25,541 OVER THE COURSE OF THIS SERIES, 在这一系列的课程中， 947 00:52:25,610 --> 00:52:27,309 WE'VE DISCOVERED JUST HOW COMPLEX 我们发现了如何复杂 948 00:52:27,378 --> 00:52:31,714 AND REMARKABLE THE HUMAN BRAIN IS, 人类的大脑 949 00:52:31,782 --> 00:52:37,153 HOW REALITY IS SOMETHINGCONSTRUCTED INSIDE OUR HEADS, 在我们的头脑中如何构造现实， 950 00:52:37,221 --> 00:52:40,723 HOW WE'RE BUILT TO NEED OTHERS... 我们如何适应其他需求... 951 00:52:42,293 --> 00:52:47,229 HOW SO MUCH OF WHO WE ARE AND WHAT WE CHOSE TO DO 我们是谁，我们将如何选择 952 00:52:47,298 --> 00:52:51,066 IS GOVERNED BY FACTORSOUTSIDE OUR CONSCIOUS MINDS. 由我们意识范围之外的因素管理。 953 00:52:55,106 --> 00:52:59,475 NOW IT SEEMS TO ME THAT WE STAND AT A MAJOR TURNING POINT, 现在我觉得我们站在一个重要的转折点， 954 00:52:59,544 --> 00:53:04,980 ONE WHERE WE MIGHT TAKE CONTROL OF OUR OWN DEVELOPMENT. 我们可以控制自己的发展的地方。 955 00:53:05,049 --> 00:53:09,652 WE FACE A FUTUREOF UNCHARTED POSSIBILITIES 我们面临着未知的未来 956 00:53:09,720 --> 00:53:13,522 IN WHICH OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH OUR OWN BODY, 在与我们自己的身体的关系中， 957 00:53:13,591 --> 00:53:16,892 OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WORLD, 我们与世界的关系， 958 00:53:16,961 --> 00:53:20,563 THE VERY BASIC NATURE OF WHO WE ARE 我们是谁的基本本性 959 00:53:20,631 --> 00:53:23,832 IS SET TO BE TRANSFORMED. 已设置为要转换。 960 00:53:25,503 --> 00:53:27,570 FOR THOUSANDS OF GENERATIONS, 对于成千上万的一代 961 00:53:27,638 --> 00:53:31,073 HUMANS HAVE LIVED THE SAME LIFE CYCLE OVER AND OVER. 人类已经一遍又一遍地生活着同样的生命周期。 962 00:53:31,142 --> 00:53:34,510 WE'RE BORN. WE CONTROL A FRAGILE BODY. 出生。 963 00:53:34,579 --> 00:53:38,380 WE EXPERIENCE A LIMITED REALITY, AND WE DIE, 我们经历了有限的现实，我们死了， 964 00:53:38,449 --> 00:53:41,850 BUT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ARE GIVING US TOOLS 科技正在为美国提供工具 965 00:53:41,919 --> 00:53:45,821 TO TRANSCEND THAT EVOLUTIONARY STORY. 超越那个进化的故事。 966 00:53:45,890 --> 00:53:49,959 OUR BRAINS DON'T HAVE TO REMAIN AS WE'VE INHERITED THEM. 我们继承了我们的大脑，所以无需保留它们。 967 00:53:50,027 --> 00:53:52,962 WE'RE CAPABLE OF EXTENDING OUR REALITY, 我们有能力扩展我们的现实， 968 00:53:53,030 --> 00:53:54,964 OF INHABITING NEW BODIES, 的新人体， 969 00:53:55,032 --> 00:53:59,568 AND POSSIBLY SHEDDINGOUR PHYSICAL FORMS ALTOGETHER. 并可能完全舍弃我们的物理形式。 970 00:53:59,637 --> 00:54:02,504 OUR SPECIES IS JUSTAT THE BEGINNING OF SOMETHING, 我们的种种就是JUSTAT的开端， 971 00:54:02,573 --> 00:54:06,742 AND WE'RE DISCOVERING THE TOOLS TO SHAPE OUR OWN DESTINY. 并且我们正在发现可以改变我们自己的命运的工具。 972 00:54:06,811 --> 00:54:10,579 WHO WE BECOME IS UP TO US. 我们成为谁的责任取决于我们。 973 00:54:10,648 --> 00:54:19,221 ANNOUNCER: "THE BRAIN WITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" 播音员：“与大卫·埃格勒曼的大脑” 974 00:54:19,290 --> 00:54:21,323 "THE BRAIN WITH DAVID EAGLEMAN" “与大卫·艾格曼的大脑” 975 00:54:21,392 --> 00:54:22,725 IS AVAILABLE ON DVD. 在DVD上可用。 976 00:54:22,793 --> 00:54:24,193 THE COMPANION BOOK IS 同伴书是 977 00:54:24,262 --> 00:54:25,628 ALSO AVAILABLE. 也提供。 978 00:54:25,696 --> 00:54:28,063 TO ORDER, VISIT SHOPPBS.ORG 要订购，请访问SHOPPBS.ORG 979 00:54:28,132 --> 00:54:28,063 OR CALL 1-800-PLAY-PBS. 或致电1-800-PLAY-PBS。